研究生英语精读 王蕙等主编第三单元课件pptUNIT 2

1、Unit 3 Development of Common GroundRemarks by Ambassador Jon Huntsman at the On Common Ground ConferencePeking University, Beijing, ChinaNovember 20, 2009美国驻华大使洪博培在北京大学美国驻华大使洪博培在北京大学“求同论求同论坛坛”上的讲话上的讲话2009年年11月月20日日Lead inlexcerpt :N /VlN: excerpt (from sth) a short piece of writing, music, film, etc

2、. taken from a longer whole lV: excerpt sth ( from sth ) The document was excerpted from an unidentified FBI file.此文件摘自来源不明的联邦调查局档案。 remark: N1.Something that you say or write which express an opinion, thought, ect about sb/sth 谈论，言论，评论2.( old-fashioned or formed) the quality of being important or i

3、nteresting enough to be noticed 引人注目，显耀例句：The exhibition contains nothing that is worthy of liferation :Nl1.a sudden increase in number or amount ( 数量的）激增，剧增 the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction 大规模杀伤武器的激增lTo make matters more complicated, the IAEA, the organization that is sup

4、posed to halt proliferation, is in fact aiding it. 使事情更趋复杂的是，理应制止核扩散的国际原子能机构却在事实上为此提供帮助。multifaceted :adjlContaining many different aspects, features, or qualities 多方面的；多特征的； 多特性的lHere is a main point to take away from this article :Success is a multifaceted, personal concept .l总结一下本文的中心思想：成功是多方面的，是

5、一个个人的概念。 Paragraph 1l1.note : observe with care or pay close attention to I noted a change come over his face. 2. roller coaster: elevated railway in an amusement park (usually with sharp curves and steep inclines) 环滑车；游乐场滑车 Ellie stood in line for over an hour to ride the roller coaster at the amus

6、ement park. 艾莉在游乐园为了要玩云霄飞车，排队排了一个多小时。read:lgive a certain impression给予某种印象e.g.1.The story reads well. 这篇小说读起来很不错。2.The poem reads like (sounds as if it is) a translation. 这首诗听起来像是翻译作品。 get way: get what one wantslShe usually get her way without need to pull rank. lPara 1: 有趣的是，当你把美中关系放到适当的历史背景中观察的话，

7、就会发现它像一辆过山车。约翰泰勒把凯莱布顾圣派到这里来，是因为英国从与中国的贸易关系中所得甚多，引起了美国的极大关切。Paragraph 2lOpium: a powerful illegal drug made from the seeds of a type of POPPY鸦片lFacilitate: to make it possible or easier for something to happen 是便利； 推动，促进lSocial facilitation effect Working harder when in a group than when working alon

8、e. 社会促进效应：个人在群体中工作比单独工作更努力。1.tariff :N 2. Open-ended: adj lA tax that a government charges on goods that enter or leave their country关税lOpen-ended: adj without any limits ,restriction or aims set in advance 无限制全的，无期待的目标 Lease :n /v to have a legal agreement in which someone pays you money to use you

9、r building , land, or equipment for a specific period of time.出租，租用l你们会记得第一次鸦片战争，是不是？从1837年到1842年。1842年战争结束时签订了南京条约，开放若干重要口岸厦门、福州、宁波、上海和旧称Canton的广州港。促进贸易的目的达到了。条约规定降低关税，你们还会记得，还涉及香港问题，后来的处理方式有些不同。1842年时，这是一项没有期限的协议，后来，我想是在1897年或1898年加以具体化，即规定了99年的租期。Paragraph 3lextraterritoriality ekstr,teri,t:rilti

10、 n. 治外法权（等于exterritoriality） Finally, we had extraterritoriality and used this legal advantage in order to be extremely active in the opium trade. l最后，我们有治外法权，并利用这一法律的好处，以极为活跃在鸦片贸易。first-ever ： adj.l首次的，破天荒第一次的，史无前例的lNovel :adj. new or unusual 新颖的；不同寻常的 A novel solution to a problem 解决问题的新颖方案l美国对英中之

11、间作为第一次鸦片战争结果签订的这项协议非常关切。泰勒总统派来一个人，担任我现在的职务，他通过谈判与中国签订了被称作望厦条约的另一项条约，实质上给予美国更多的与英国平等竞争的条件。如同南京条约那样，望厦条约也开放了很多通商口岸，方便了贸易活动，而且还有史以来首次授予某种治外法权，也就是说，如果美国公民在中国与他国国民发生纷争，他们将根据美国法律得到处理，这在当时是一种非常独特和新奇的情况，当时，驻外大使和总领事对确定美国的贸易政策等等握有巨大的权力。l这样，过山车继续上下飞转。Paragraph 5lMultifaceted: adj. containing many different asp

12、ects, features, or qualities 多放方面的，多特征的，多特性的 virtually: adj. used for emphasizing that a statement is almost completely true 差不多，实际上Imaginable: adjlUsed for emphasizing that it is difficult to imagine anything more extreme 可想象的，想象得 到的1. a situation that would have been hardly imaginable ten years ag

13、o.2 .He had been subjected to the most terrible abuse imaginable. 他遭受了能想得到的最残酷的虐待。collaborative : adjlInvolving people or groups working together to produce something 合作的，协作的l现在我们面对着一个巨大复杂的多层面关系，基本上涵盖了外交政策上可以想到的每一个问题。奥巴马总统要求我们以积极、合作和全面的方式进行处理。Lay out : phrasal v. lTo explain something carefully and

14、clearly （ 详细地）解释，说明 e.g. The documents lay out the principlesclearly enough.这些文件将各条原则解释的非常清楚。Paragraph 6loval: adj. with a shape like a long narrow circle 椭圆形的， an oval table 椭圆形的桌子 Oval Office: 美国总统办公室 l在白宫椭圆形办公室的一次会议上奥巴马总统 开始描述他对于美中关系前景的规划，他说他想看到的是一种积极、合作和全面的关系，其理由我们将在下面讨论。他说最主要的问题必定是全球经济、气候变化、清洁能

15、源，以及地区性安全，因为那些问题不仅影响美中两国及地区，而且影响全世界。此外，我们是当今唯一能合力解决这些问题的两个国家。没有任何其他国家能够做到。我说，总统先生，我想我们能够做到。我相信我们能够通过两国关系实现这个目标。那不会很容易，我们将碰到波折起伏，就像我先前形容过的过山车一样，但是我相信目标是能够实现的。Paragraph 6lDriving snow/ rain: snow or rain that falls very fast. The north wind came, and driving rain. 北风刮来，接着又下起了倾盆大雨。 He returned home on

16、foot at midnight, in a driving rain-storm. 他走路回家，到家已是午夜，正下着大雨。Tarmac: N1.the part of an airport where the plane stop and that people walk across to get on a plane（机场的）停机坪； 飞机跑道2.a thick black mixture of TAR and very small stones , used especially for making the surfaces of roads( 尤指用来铺路面的） 柏油碎石头by a

17、nd largelUsed for referring to something in a very general way总体来说；大体上，基本上e.g. By and large I think the emphasis should be on recruiting the right people.总得来说，我认为重要的是招聘合适的人。l于是当奥巴马总统几天之前冒着寒冷的倾盆大雨在上海走下飞机的时候我站在露天停机坪上，我的鞋很快就灌满了水，我也没有带替换的鞋子。那天晚上真是冷极了我觉得他在抵达后看到了他希望看到的：一种整体而言正在进入一个新阶段的关系，在这个阶段上我们的重点越来越集中在

18、全球问题上。我们双方越来越能共同解决种种问题。他抵达之后也发现，尽管我们有分歧，我们确有分歧，但我们正在朝着一个积极、合作、全面的方向前进。Paragraph 8lbound by sth/ to do sth : force to do sth by law, duty or a particular situation 受（ 法律，义务或情况）约束（ 必须做的事）e.g. lWe are not bound by the decision.我们不受该决定的约束。lYou are bound by the contract to pay before then end of the mont

19、h. 按照合同规定，有必须在月底前付款。l总统在这里访问期间我只想向你们补充说明一下其后的影响他更多地谈到太平洋不再是将我们分割开来的屏障，而是将我们联系在一起的纽带，美中关系应当在迎接共同挑战的道路上发展，要明确认识到没有一国能独自迎接21世纪的重重挑战。Paragraph 9la joint statement 联合声明联合声明l2.Hammer out: to discuss a plan, an idea , ect .until everyone agrees or a decision is made反复讨论出（ 一致意见） 充分研讨出（ 决定）lA new deal was ha

20、mmered out between the two banks. 两家银行最终达成了新的协议。lnon-proliferation: a limit to the increase in the number of nuclear and chemical weapons that are produced. 防止核扩散lupdate : a news update 最新的报道l The newsletter gives an update on current activities. 内部通讯刊登了近期活动最新情况。l我建议在座各位都读一读那份九页长的内容详尽的联合声明，我们双方在此次访问

21、前经过长时间磋商才达成这份联合声明。你们在声明中会看到作为合作重点的关键领域，其中包括全球经济复苏；伊朗、北韩、阿富汗及巴基斯坦等地区危机；核不扩散；气候变化及能源等四个领域。如果你们的确想了解这一关系走向的最新动态，有时间的话不妨阅读全文。Paragraph 10lconvene : to arrange for people to come together for a formal meeting 召集 l e.g. The committee will convene at 11:30 next Thursday. 委员会将在下周四上午11:30 开会。Implementlto mak

22、e sth. that has been officially decided start to happen or be used 使生效 贯彻。执行 实施l To implement changes/ decisions /policies /reforms 实行变革，执行决议，实施改革executelto do a piece of work, perform a duty , put a plan into action, etc 执行， 实施 e.g.l They drew up and executed a plan to reduce fuel consumption. 他们制定

23、并实施了一项降低燃料消耗的计划。译文：l几个月后，我们将有机会在北京举行下一轮战略与经济对话，届时可以评估这一关系，看看进展如何，而目前已出现积极气氛，这对开始履行和实施其他我们能够共同实现的目标意义重大。Paragraph 11lengage in: to take part in a particular activity , especially something that takes a lot of time or effort 从事。忙于lHe is currently engaged in a dispute with his former business partner.l

24、目前他正忙着解决和从前的生意合伙人之间的争端。l因此，我要说明奥巴马总统的此次访问所取得的几项重要成果。首先是军队间的相互交流，这是我们一年来见得不多的情况。军官往来增多；搜救行动增加；下级军官能够参与重要的交往；我们就我们的意图更加公开地进行交流，提高透明度，这在今天对于我们两国非常重要。Paragraph 12ldoable: able to be done 可做的。可行的1. It will take some organizing, but I think it is a doable. 这将需要组织一番，但我认为是可行的。2. An official of the aircraft

25、company said he thought outfitting the aircraft to detect land mines was doable.Legacy lMoney or property that you arrange for someone to have after you die. 遗产lMy grandmother died and left me a small legacy.译文：译文：l第二，增进人民及文化交往的双边机制，而我们许多人正是这种交往的一部分。我能想到的比这更重要的事情实在不多，因为，如果我们确实认真对待美中两国关系的话，就必须确保下一代人有

26、研习、参加交流和学语言的机会，有更多的机会考察了解对美国人来说陌生的制度，以及对这里的中国学生来说非常陌生的美国制度。因此，通过在今后四年再向中国输送100,000 名美国学生这肯定不容易，但可以做到我想，这会是今年在美中关系史上留下的较为重要的长期贡献之一。l第二，增进人民及文化交往的双边机制，而我们许多人正是这种交往的一部分。我能想到的比这更重要的事情实在不多，因为，如果我们确实认真对待美中两国关系的话，就必须确保下一代人有研习、参加交流和学语言的机会，有更多的机会考察了解对美国人来说陌生的制度，以及对这里的中国学生来说非常陌生的美国制度。因此，通过在今后四年再向中国输送100,000 名

27、美国学生这肯定不容易，但可以做到我想，这会是今年在美中关系史上留下的较为重要的长期贡献之一。Paragraph 13lcommitment：a message that makes a pledge 承诺 He made a commitment to pay the rent on time.lplay out : take / make She continued to play out her role of dutiful daughter1.dramatically: in a very impressive mannerlOur way of life has changed dr

28、amatically over the last ten years.lconservation: the preservation and careful management of the environment and of natural resources She is interested in conservation. l put forward: put before He put forward a plan for the committee to considerlpeer: a person who is of equal standing with another

29、in a group As peers, we should help each other. lreview: evaluationlfeature：a special or prominent article in a newspaper or magazine译文：l第三，在气候变化问题上，我们可能对具体承诺在短期内产生效果的强度和速度存在一些分歧，但是双方都认识到要在本世纪中期大幅度降低碳排放并找到能源保护新措施的重要性。由丹麦首相拉斯穆森提出的方案一直都在讨论之中，我们认为其中包括的同行评议环节非常重要。Paragraph 14laside from: except Everythi

30、ng was quiet, aside from the occasional sound of a car in the distance.linitiative: readiness to embark on bold new ventures I am sure the new initiative you have taken today will bear fruit. lefficiency：the ratio of the output to the input of any system engine efficiency发动机效益Paragraph14l第四，清洁能源。除了过

31、去几周来广受议论与报道的美中清洁能源研究中心之外，在电动车和清洁建筑能效方面还有几项新举措。Paragraph 15lstumble over：给绊倒;结结巴巴地说=happen frequently Men occasionally stumble over the truth, but most of them pick themselves up and hurry off as if nothing ever happened. l inventory: a detailed list of all the items in stockThe inventory showed that

32、 the store was overstocked. 译文：l 这都是生活中常见的。仅以其中的清洁建筑能效为例：当你停下来思考一下，中国在未来十年将兴建的商业办公设施会超过我们在美国的这类设施的总面积，就知道这个方面有多重要，如果做法得当，中国在未来多年将为减少全球排放量作出多么重要的贡献。我们也会提倡岩石气资源的能源合作关系，并致力于推动大规模碳封存项目的技术与合作。Paragraph 16:l ratification: making something valid by formally ratifying or confirming it lOpinion polls indicat

33、ed a two-thirds majority in favour of ratification of the treaty.l第五，就核武器扩散而言，我们将致力于促使全面禁止核试验条约获得批准；并将就裂变材料禁产条约展开谈判；中国也已同意积极参与定于2010年4月举行的核安全峰会的筹备工作。Paragraph 17lout speak: 坦白大胆地说，直率地说； Dont hesitate, out speak! lemerge: come out of The sun emerges from the clouds. l weather: face or endure with cou

34、ragelThe country had weathered a serious crisis lend up with: 结束；以而结束；以告终For companies the main task is simply to end up with more talented people than their competitors. lpackage: a collection of things wrapped or boxed togetherThey are trying to put together a package that will end the dispute.lre

35、assure: cause to feel sureThe market is reassured by the government statement on import control. 译文：l第六，关于全球经济危机，两国首脑都对这场危机的后果直言不讳，并阐明了双方的合作对于挺过早期风暴至关重要。两国采取的行动在危机初期大多没有公开或并不醒目，但是我们确实推出了良好的刺激方案，重建了市场信心，并稳定了抵押信贷系统。Paragraph 18l aftermath: the consequences of an event (especially a catastrophic event)

36、后果lIn the aftermath of the hurricane, many peoples homes were destroyed.译文：l但我们应当谨记，在这场我们尚未走出的危机的影响下形成的全球经济新秩序将与原有秩序完全不同，我们必须认识到主要依赖美国消费者和亚洲的出口产品来刺激增长的局限性。 Paragraph 19lall the while: always 一直 ，始终He teaches English in the school all the while. 美国实现平衡经济增长的新战略意味着增加储蓄并减少开支；改革美国的金融体系；减少我们的长期赤字；增加出口；在这个

37、过程中创造更多薪酬更高的就业机会并始终保持市场开放。l美国实现平衡经济增长的新战略意味着增加储蓄并减少开支；改革美国的金融体系；减少我们的长期赤字；增加出口；在这个过程中创造更多薪酬更高的就业机会并始终保持市场开放。Paragraph 20ltransition: the act of passing from one state or place to the next 过度，转化lAdolescence is the period of transition between childhood and adulthood.ladolescence ,dulesns,-snsi ln. 青春

38、期译文：l在中国，实现经济增长的新战略意味着提高劳动者与消费者的生活水平，具体途径是在市场中增加选择机会，使各种基础设施得到改善，使金融结构现代化，改善住房条件，提供高质量的医疗服务以及温家宝总理在前一天刚提到的一个更加全面发展的社会保障网，他认为这个社会保障网对于现在正在实行的经济转型至关重要。Paragraph 21There is every reason= There is enough reasonlThere is every reason for society to undertake programs that deal with these problems. sustai

39、ned: a. continuous 持续的lBats are the only mammals to have wings and to achieve sustained flight.preeminent: greatest in importance or degree or significance or achievement 卓越 ，超群的lHe is preeminent because his articles are well writtenadversity: a state of misfortune or affliction逆境lAs fire tries gold

40、, so does adversity try virtue.anew: again but in a new or different way再，重新 Hes determined to begin his life anew. priority: status established in order of importance or urgency 优先lThe development of the national economy is a top priority.译文：我们完全有理由相信中国将会成功，中国近30年来创造的非凡业绩将会保持下去。我们也完全有理由相信，美国将再次赢得美利

41、坚强国的卓越地位。你们知道， 我们是一个善于迎逆境而起的国家。我想我们将来回顾这几年时，会把这段时间视为促使我们改变方针、从新的角度审视我们今后各项重点的时期。 Main Ideamilitary to military exchanges something facilitating a bilateral mechanism for people-to-people and cultural exchanges climate change clean energy nuclear proliferation global economic crisis Exercisesl2. Voca

42、bulary.l Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words you have learned in the text without referring to the original. The first letter for each word is given.l1) We should oppose trade protectionism of various forms and work together to _ a comprehensive and balanced conclusion to the Doha

43、round negotiations.faciliatel2.And I have made clear that we will help Iraqis transition to full responsibility for their future, and keep our _ to remove all American troops by the end of mitmentl3. Despite massive stimulus, todays recessions have been deeper than the _ of Japans bubble.aftermathl4

44、. The NYSE has recently embarked on a round of acquisitions and _deals in an effort to become a trend-setter in technology as well as globalisation.l5. For a thousand years, Chinas position as the _world power was beyond doubt.collaborativepreeminentl6. Like all living systems, this interlocking hum

45、an-made ecosystem tends to expand, to work around impediments, and to adapt to_l7. Neighbours who have no reason to know each other will need to _ and collaborate in order to get a new school or better policing.adversityconvenel8. As the western economies_ under empires of debt, Russia is largely unaffected by the credit squeeze.l9. This mechanism had helped to significantly improve the rationality and _ of government pricing.stumbletransparencyl10. Later that year the Assembly decided to refer the Convention to all States for their consideration, signature and _ .ratificati