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ZZ72002338
液压
支架
设计
- 资源描述：
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ZZ72002338型液压支架设计,ZZ72002338,液压,支架,设计
- 内容简介：
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英文文献Hydraulic supports development and perspective1 domestic and foreign hydraulic support development outlineThe hydraulic support is take the high-pressured liquid as a power, by certain hydraulic element (cylinder, pipe accessory) one kind of support and the control roof mining coal working surface equipment which becomes with some steel work combination. Has the intensity to be high, the traveling speed is quick, supports and protections performance good, safe reliable and so on characteristics. Since the 20th century 50s, the hydraulic support has become the mining coal working surface core equipment gradually, in the world mainly produced the coal country to put in the massive manpower and resources and the financial resource carries on the research development to it. At present, tends to be mature take the hydraulic support as the main body supports and protections, in the world already the manufacturing several hundred kind of frames and the up to ten thousand kind of models hydraulic support, meets each kind of coal bed mining supports and protections need.On the century 60s, our country once had also developed 10 kind of hydraulic supports, for various reasons has not obtained the promoted application, the hydraulic support is in the development, the laboratory stage; the 70s from Britain, Germany, Poland, the former Soviet Union and so on mainly produce the coal country to introduce several 10 set of hydraulic supports successively. After the unceasing exploration, the use, the digestion and the summary, make each type the support, it is the beginning which the domestic product hydraulic support develops; the 80s hydraulic support research and development are in the innovation to enhance the stage, develops 30 kind of new frame one after another, makes the ZZ series, the XY series, the ZD series and so on different specification, and widely uses in the state-owned large and middle scale coal mines, obtains the good economic efficiency; 90s special hydraulic supports development obtains the rapidly expand, the mechanized shop net support, the water granulated substance backfill support, the reason support, the force support, puts goes against the coal support and so on to be published one after another; The present century along with the computer technology, the automated technologys popularization and the application, hydraulic supports control makes the breakthrough progress, gradually to the programmed control, the numerical control, the remote control and the automated control makes great strides forward.2 Domestic and foreign hydraulic support differenceThe domestically produced support in the technique of manufacture, the material quality performance, the processing craft, the control system and in the sealing property compares with the overseas advanced countries has the very big disparity.2.1 Processing manufacture aspectAccording to the related synthesis picks the engineers and technicians to reflect that the domestic product hydraulic supports processing technology, the service life, the operational performance, used the material quality so far not yet to achieve in 1979 to introduce 100 set of supports technical levels. If structural material: Germany uses the ST52 material its yield strength is 500 MPa, but our country uses 16 Mn material yield strength is only 350 MPa; Valve class: Overseas has used the copper alloy valve shell and the high strength stainless steel valve core, our country has been the 45# steel adds the superficial heat treatment; In processing craft: The overseas cylinder endophragm is duplicate plates, the domestic product for does not plate, causes the column premature to present the spot in the use process, scratches and so on seals to leak the fluid phenomenon, affects the supports and protections effect. The domestic product hydraulic support and the overseas productions hydraulic support compares the average to reduce 23 service lives.2.2 Control system aspectThe domestic product hydraulic support control systems research and development are at backwardness condition, restricted the support to move seriously supposes the speed the enhancement and the synthesis picks the economic efficiency the display. In the world several mainly produce the coal great nation to enhance the support control system achievement the synthesis to pick throughout the economic efficiency the important means that the 20th century 60s use manual controls the operating system straight; the 70s use the forerunner control system, along with it Britain first proposed that the development battery solution control system, the 80s tends to be mature; the 90s ladder company develops the entire working surface battery solution control system, follows Wister to cut down Liya - the Beiruite company to develop more advanced P - M3, P - the M4 battery solution control system. Present countries and so on US, Germany, Britain, Australia basically all are the programmable battery solution controls, but our country still used the hand control system.2.3 Hydraulic element aspectHydraulic elements research and development speed lags by far in the hydraulic support need to develop. Hydraulic supports reliability mainly relies on hydraulic elements reliability, the hydraulic support in the coal mine production applies whether to succeed, the key lies in hydraulic elements technical performance whether to meet the requirements. Overseas uses the great current capacity safety valve, the fluid to control the cone-way valve, the cut-off valve at present, initially to support the strength maintaining valve and the column returns to the fluid valve fast. To hydraulic elements structural style, the geometry size, the choice of material, the heat treatment method and the surface treatment and so on various aspects have conducted the thorough research and the development. Develops one batch of sealing property to be good, the sensitivity high, enters the row of fluid ability in a big way, the anti-impact load strong each kind of hydraulic element, adapts the hydraulic support operating performance request. But our country lags to this kind of hydraulic element research and development, at present still continued to use on the century 80s products, has not formed the hydraulic element universalization, the seriation, the standardization.3 Hydraulic support prospects for development forecastIn view of the fact that sciences and technologys high speed development, new technology, new craft, new method, the new material will apply and the computer technology unprecedented expansion unceasingly, hydraulic supports future development has the very attractive prospect3.1 The design ideas renewal, the hydraulic support develops a revolutionMust consider the environment in the hydraulic support design the attribute. Because hydraulic supports working condition is bad, the human, machine the environment reciprocity question appears more important. The green design is the choice of material, the product mix, the technique, the outward appearance modelling and color matching according to certain rule, adopts artistic the method to perform the ingenious fusion, manifests the man-machine environment systems harmonious unification fully. The unwieldy hydraulic support image safe, reliable, easy to be serviced, consumes energy, the high efficiency, the handsome appearance to substitute lowly. This kind of green design, it is not only feared the environment and the resources both must meet the economic development needs, and must meet the human survival development needs, is the humanity sustainable development in support design manifestation. For example: The hydraulic support uses the multi-objective fuzzy design in the design process, requests to support the strength to be big, moves to a speed to be quick, the weight is light, timber wood few and so on, each goal determined that a function, namely many project objective function, then the combination optimizes, determination preferred plan.3.2 Will adopt the pure water hydraulic technique, the hydraulic support will become the green machineryThe pure water hydraulic technique is the hydraulic pressure domain development front. It not only has good anti-burns the nature, the radiation, moreover the price to be also cheap, does not have the pollution, for long the hydraulic support works under the surface layer, because the use actuating medium is the emulsion, and has many chemical additives (emulsifier, rust-preventing agent, antiseptic, coupling agent and so on), the micro environmental pollution is very serious to the surface below, therefore, the hydraulic support use pure water hydraulic technique, to reduces the coal mine the production cost, protects the environment is beneficial, and may improve the mine pit greatly the work and the safety condition. Progresses unceasingly along with the society, the people had a higher request to the dependant survivals environment, hoped that has a security, the environmental protection, the highly civilized green environment. The time request summoned the hydraulic pressure transmission (to origin in 1605 discovered that the Pascals law) this ancient brand-new technology resurfaced, and received the world the attention. At present, the Western country the concentrate efforts to study this technology, and makes the breakthrough progress. For example: The lubrication attrition question, selects reasonably rubs the vice-material, has the engineering plastics, the structure ceramics, the high polymer material, rust prevention anticorrosion coating and so on. The structure ceramics have the resistance to wear, the anti-cavitation performance is good, the good chemical stability, characteristics and so on low friction factor, enjoy the favor. Replaces the partial metallic material in the hydraulic element with the structure ceramics, big improvement its performance. In brief, the new materials success develops and applies, the precision sizing technologys unceasing progress, as well as each kind of new structure hydraulic elements make, will become the hydraulic support to use the pure water hydraulic technique to enter the strict non-pollution domain, provides the very attractive application prospects for development.3.3 High techs application, the hydraulic support tends the intellectualizationThe advanced science and technology application is seeps mutually each kind of technology, unifies mutually in the foundation is mutually auxiliary, promotes mutually and enhances, uses each kind of correlation technique fully the superiority, enhances strong points and avoids weaknesses, after causing the combination the integrated function is bigger than the composition whole sum of each part of function comprehensive interdisciplinary studies. Many kinds of technologies seep unceasingly to “the mechanical parent substance - hydraulic support”, including technical and so on machine, electricity, fluid, light, magnetism servers. Specifically speaking is the strength, the speed which outputs by the hydraulic support is the goal, constituted from the output to the input closed-loop system, is involves the sensing technology, the computer control technology, the signal place technology, the mechanical drive technology, the hydraulic transmission technology and so on. Because fast operating speed, formidable memory function and keen logical judgment function, thus has realized the man-machine conversation, causes it operation maintenance to be convenient, complete machine function. The hydraulic support application function expands unceasingly, strengthens unceasingly to the mine pit coal bed geological condition compatibility, the production benefit is getting bigger and bigger to equipments dependant degree, the operational reliability is more important. The failure diagnosis technology (including signal detection, breakdown judgment, failure detection, contents and so on fault analysis) along with high techs development theory (for example wavelet technology, neural network, artificial intelligence and so on) will enter hydraulic supports early diagnosis, the prevention and the reduced accidents occurrence, service blindness and the maintenance time, lengthens the support service life, raises the production efficiency.中文翻译液压支架的发展与前瞻1国内外液压支架发展概述液压支架是以高压液体为动力,由若干个液压元件(油缸、阀件)与一些金属构件组合而成的一种支撑和控制顶板的采煤工作面设备。具有强度高、移动速度快、支护性能好、安全可靠等特性。自20世纪50年代以来,液压支架已逐步成为采煤工作面核心设备,世界上主要产煤国家投入了大量的人力物力和财力对其进行研究开发。目前,以液压支架为主体的支护趋于成熟,世界上已生产制造出数百种架型和上万种型号的液压支架,以适应各类煤层开采支护需要。上世纪60年代,我国也曾开发了10余种液压支架,由于种种原因未得到推广应用,液压支架处于研制、实验阶段;70年代先后从英国、德国、波兰、前苏联等主要产煤国家引进数10余套液压支架。经不断的探索、使用、消化和总结,制造出各种类型的支架,它是国产液压支架发展的起点; 80年代液压支架研发处于创新提高阶段,相继开发出30余种新架型,制造出ZZ系列、XY系列、ZD系列等不同规格,并广泛用于国有大中型煤矿,取得良好的经济效益; 90年代特种液压支架的研制获得迅速发展,机械化铺网支架、水砂充填支架、端头支架、强力支架、放顶煤支架等相继问世;本世纪随着计算机技术、自动化技术的普及与应用,液压支架的控制获得突破性进展,逐步向程序控制、数字控制、遥控和自动化控制迈进。2国内外液压支架差异国产支架在制造技术、材质性能、加工工艺、控制系统及密封性能上与国外先进国家相比有很大差距。2. 1加工制造方面据有关综采工程技术人员反映,国产液压支架的工艺技术、服务年限、使用性能、所用材质到目前为止尚未达到1979年引进100套支架的技术水平。如结构材料:德国采用ST52材料其屈服极限为500 MPa,而我国使用16 Mn材料屈服极限仅为350 MPa;阀类:国外一直使用铜合金阀壳和高强度不锈钢阀芯,我国则是45#钢加表面热处理;在加工工艺上:国外油缸内壁是复镀,国产则为不镀,导致立柱在使用过程中过早出现斑点,划伤等密封漏液现象,影响支护效果。国产液压支架与国外生产的液压支架相比平均缩短23服务年限。2. 2控制系统方面国产液压支架控制系统的研发处于落后状态,严重制约了支架的移设速度的提高和综采经济效益的发挥。世界上几个主要产煤大国始终把支架控制系统作为提高综采经济效益的重要手段, 20世纪60年代采用手动直控操作系统;70年代采用先导控制系统,随之英国首先提出研制电液控制系统, 80年代趋于成熟; 90年代道梯公司研制出全工作面电液控制系统,紧随其后威斯特伐利亚- 贝瑞特公司研制出更为先进的P - M3、P - M4电液控制系统。现美国、德国、英国、澳大利亚等国家基本上全是可编程电液控制,而我国仍多采用手动控制系统。2. 3液压元件方面液压元件的研发速度远远滞后于液压支架发展的需要。液压支架的可靠性主要依赖于液压元件的可靠性,液压支架在煤矿生产中应用是否成功,关键在于液压元件的技术性能是否达到要求。国外目前多采用大流量安全阀、液控单向阀、截止阀、初撑力保持阀及立柱快速回液阀。对液压元件
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