高中英语语法专题复习--非谓语动词ppt课件

1、非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但仍非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但仍保管动词的某些特征的动词方式。非保管动词的某些特征的动词方式。非谓语动词包括不定式、动词谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing方式和方式和过去分词。它们没有人称和数的变化，过去分词。它们没有人称和数的变化，但可以有本人的逻辑主语、宾语、状但可以有本人的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等。语等。 一、非谓语动词的各种方式一、非谓语动词的各种方式非谓语动词非谓语动词 主动式主动式被动式被动式动词动词-ing形式形式一般式一般式 doingbeing done完成式完成式having donehaving been done不定式不定式一般式一般式 to

2、 doto be done进行式进行式to be doing/完成式完成式to have doneto have been done过去分词过去分词done二、如何确定非谓语动词的方式二、如何确定非谓语动词的方式 首先要找出相应的逻辑主语。作表语、状首先要找出相应的逻辑主语。作表语、状语和主语补足语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；语和主语补足语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；作定语时，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的词；作宾作定语时，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的词；作宾语补足语时，其逻辑主语是句子的宾语。假设语补足语时，其逻辑主语是句子的宾语。假设非谓语动词所表示的动作与逻辑主语之间是主非谓语动词所表示的动作与逻辑主

3、语之间是主谓关系，应该用动词谓关系，应该用动词-ing方式或不定式的自动方式或不定式的自动式；假设是动宾关系，即逻辑主语是非谓语动式；假设是动宾关系，即逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的接受者，应该用过去分词或不定式的词动作的接受者，应该用过去分词或不定式的被动式。被动式。 非谓语动词的完成式所表示的动作发生非谓语动词的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，进展式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，进展式表示正在进展的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。非正在进展的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。非谓语动词的普通式与谓语动词的关系如下：谓语动词的普通式与谓语动词的关系如下：1. 不定式的普通式所表示的动作能够

4、发生在不定式的普通式所表示的动作能够发生在 谓语动词所表示的动作之后，也能够与谓谓语动词所表示的动作之后，也能够与谓 语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如： I hope to see you again. Would you help me put things in order?2. 动词动词-ing方式的普通式所表示的动作能够方式的普通式所表示的动作能够发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前或之后，发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前或之后，也能够与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。也能够与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：如： Climbing to the top of th

5、e tower, we saw fantastic scenery. Larry went out shutting the door behind him. Walking down the street, I ran into Ben.三、非谓语动词的一些用法三、非谓语动词的一些用法1. 动词动词-ing方式和不定式作主语和宾语方式和不定式作主语和宾语 通常，动词通常，动词-ing方式着重进程，不定式着重方式着重进程，不定式着重结果。但有时二者有以下不同之处：结果。但有时二者有以下不同之处：1) 动词动词-ing方式的逻辑主语能够泛指人们，而方式的逻辑主语能够泛指人们，而不定式的逻辑主语那

6、么常是句子中的名词不定式的逻辑主语那么常是句子中的名词或代词。或代词。2) 动词动词-ing方式可表示普通或笼统的多次性的方式可表示普通或笼统的多次性的动作，而不定式那么往往表示详细的或一动作，而不定式那么往往表示详细的或一次性的动作。次性的动作。3) 有些动词后常跟不定式作宾语。这类动词常有些动词后常跟不定式作宾语。这类动词常见的有见的有agree, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, intend, learn, plan, manage, offer, prepare, preten

7、d, promise, refuse, threaten, wish等。等。4) 有些动词后常跟动词有些动词后常跟动词-ing方式作宾语。这类方式作宾语。这类动词常见的有动词常见的有admit, dislike, appreciate, avoid, enjoy, bear, escape, stand, deny, consider, mind, miss, finish, resist, imagine, risk, practice, suggest等。等。2. 非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语1) 不定式作定语不定式作定语 a. 作定语的不定式与它所修饰的名词或作定语的不定式与它所修饰

8、的名词或 代词在逻辑上能够是主谓关系，也能够代词在逻辑上能够是主谓关系，也能够是动宾关系。如：是动宾关系。如： You are the right person to do this job. Do you have any suggestions to offer?b. 名词前有名词前有only, last, next，序数词或描画词，序数词或描画词最高级时，其后常用不定式作定语。如：最高级时，其后常用不定式作定语。如： Miss Brown was the next person to rise to speak. John was the second man to hear the n

9、ews. Its not the best place to live if you wish to develop your knowledge and love of mountains.c. 有些名词的同根动词后常跟不定式，有些名词的同根动词后常跟不定式，因此它也常跟不定式作定语。如：因此它也常跟不定式作定语。如： They planned to produce energy from waste material. They made a plan to produce energy from waste material. 2) 动词动词-ing方式作定语可表示正在进展的方式作定语可

10、表示正在进展的动作，也可表示经常发生的或短暂的动动作，也可表示经常发生的或短暂的动作以及经常存在的形状。如：作以及经常存在的形状。如： Who is the woman talking to Jim? There were 220 children studying in the art school.3) 过去分词作定语常表示被动或曾经发生的过去分词作定语常表示被动或曾经发生的动作。如：动作。如： In the end, the program offered by Wilson was adopted.3. 非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语1) 不定式作状语，常表示目的、结果等。作不定式作

11、状语，常表示目的、结果等。作结果状语时，常用结果状语时，常用“only +不定式构造，不定式构造，表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果。如：表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果。如： A friend of mine came to see me tonight. I jumped with joy to hear it. I arrived only to find that the others had already left.2) 动词动词-ing方式或过去分词作状语时，可以表方式或过去分词作状语时，可以表示时间、缘由、结果、条件、退让、方式、示时间、缘由、结果、条件、退让、方式、伴随情况等。

12、其前可用连词伴随情况等。其前可用连词while, when, once, if, unless等。如：等。如： Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. Convinced that they were trying to poison her, she refused to eat anything. She was often nervous when facing the camera. Im sure Ivan will come if asked.4. 非谓语动词作表语非谓语动词作表语 不定式作表语，不定式作

13、表语， 常用来阐明主语的详细常用来阐明主语的详细 内容。如：内容。如： The purpose of this meeting is to elect a new captain.2) 过去分词作表语，过去分词作表语， 常表示主语的性质、常表示主语的性质、 特征或形状。如：特征或形状。如： We were delighted to receive your letter. His clothes were covered with dust.3) 动词动词-ing方式作表语，方式作表语， 可用于阐明主语可用于阐明主语 的内容，常指普通性、的内容，常指普通性、 经常性的动作；经常性的动作； 也可

14、表示主语所具有的特征或属性。如：也可表示主语所具有的特征或属性。如： Her job was tending the sheep. The article was misleading, and the newspaper has apologized.5. 非谓语动词作补语非谓语动词作补语1) 动词动词-ing方式表示正在进展的活动或反复方式表示正在进展的活动或反复的动作，而不定式那么表示整个活动或的动作，而不定式那么表示整个活动或事件的全过程。如：事件的全过程。如： I see him passing my house every day. I asked George to convey

15、 my best wishes to his mother.2) 感官动词和使役动词后要接省略感官动词和使役动词后要接省略to的不的不定式作宾语补足语，但用于被动语态时，定式作宾语补足语，但用于被动语态时，需把需把to补出来。如：补出来。如： Did you see anyone enter the house? A child was seen to enter the house.四、非谓语动词独立构造四、非谓语动词独立构造 非谓语动词可有其独立的逻辑主语，这种逻非谓语动词可有其独立的逻辑主语，这种逻辑主语经常是名词或代词，置于非谓语动词辑主语经常是名词或代词，置于非谓语动词之前，二者构成

16、非谓语动词独立构造。这种之前，二者构成非谓语动词独立构造。这种独立构造常用作状语。如：独立构造常用作状语。如： The plan was that the two parties should first reach an agreement on the basic principles, the details to be worked out later. The day being fine, we decided to go swimming. Theyll send you the book for $2.75, postage included. 用括号内动词的正确方式填空。用括

17、号内动词的正确方式填空。1. It took years of work _ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.【2021新课标全国卷新课标全国卷I】2. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _ (be) late for school. 【2021新课标全国卷新课标全国卷II】3. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are

18、important in staying _ (connect). 【福建【福建2021】to reducebeingconnected4. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _ (perform) live is quite another. 【浙江【浙江2021】5. He is thought _ (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 【江西【江西2021】6. In art criticism

19、, you must assume the artist has a secret message _ (hide) within the work. 【江苏【江苏2021】being performedto have actedhidden7. To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study _ (conduct) in Australia in 2021. 【浙江【浙江2021】8. There are still many problems _ (solve) before we ar

20、e ready for a long stay on the Moon. 【北京【北京2021】9. Last night, there were millions of people _ (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV. 【北京【北京2021】10. _ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.【北京【北京2021】conductedto be solvedwatchingTo make11. _ (order) over a we

21、ek ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. 【北京【北京2021】12. The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, _ (make) air conditioning unnecessary. 【天津【天津2021】13. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _ (find) it didnt fit.【天津【天津2021】Orderedmakingto find

22、. 单项选择。单项选择。1.【2021北京】北京】_ the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. A. Catching. B. Caught. C. To catch. D. Catch 【解析】为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提早【解析】为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提早叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是语是we，空中用不定式作目的状语，表，空中用不定式作目的状语，表示提早叫出租车并早起的目的。示提早叫出租车并早起的目的。2. 【2021湖南】湖南】When the cl

23、erk saw a kind of face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, _ whether to stay or leave. A. wondering B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondered 【解析】当店员看到一张美丽的脸上挤出一副【解析】当店员看到一张美丽的脸上挤出一副负疚的笑容时负疚的笑容时, 她像扎根似地定在了那里她像扎根似地定在了那里, 想想着是去还是留。着是去还是留。she与动词与动词wonder构成自动关构成自动关系系, 因此用因此用v.-ing方

24、式作伴随状语。方式作伴随状语。3.【2021天津】天津】_ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. A. To work B. Worked C. To be working D. Having worked 【解析】任务了两天，史蒂夫胜利地按时【解析】任务了两天，史蒂夫胜利地按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve, 与与work之间为自动关系之间为自动关系, 故用如今分词故用如今分词, 这这里用里用having worked, 表示动作的先后性。表示动作的先后性。4.【

25、2021福建】福建】In recent years an English word “infosphere has appeared, _ the sense of “information and “atmosphere. A. combineB. combined C. combing D. being combined【解析】最近几年，一个叫做【解析】最近几年，一个叫做“infosphere的英语单词出现了，结合了的英语单词出现了，结合了“信息和信息和“气氛这两个单词的意义。这里的结合与气氛这两个单词的意义。这里的结合与前面新出现的单词的关系是自动的。前面新出现的单词的关系是自动的。5.

26、【2021江苏】江苏】Much time _ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending【解析】上班族们坐在办公桌前太久，普通【解析】上班族们坐在办公桌前太久，普通会遭到安康问题的困扰。分词的逻辑主语和会遭到安康问题的困扰。分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，运用独立主格构造。后面主句的主语不一致，运用独立主格构造。分词主语和分词动作之间构成選辑上的动宾分词主语和分词动作之间构成選

27、辑上的动宾关系，关系， 且已完成，用过去分词。且已完成，用过去分词。6.【2021重庆】重庆】_ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise【解析】由于在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，他【解析】由于在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，他要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。raise的的逻辑主语是逻辑主语是he，他在这个地方长大，他在这个地方长大(被抚养长被

28、抚养长大大)，是被动关系，且是一个已完成的动作。，是被动关系，且是一个已完成的动作。I. 用括号内动词的正确方式填空。用括号内动词的正确方式填空。1. With exams _ (approach), its a good idea to review your class notes.2. All afternoon, Peter worked with the door _ (lock).3. _ (see) from the hill, the city looks magnificent.4. Jack won first place in the 100-metre race in

29、the sports meeting, _ (set) a new record.approachinglockedSeensetting5. This village is made up of 490 families _ (belong) to five nationalities.6. The door of the house _ (close) all day long burst open just now.7. The play _ (put) on by the teachers was a big success.8. An old man, _ (bring) his o

30、wn equipment, volunteered as a guide for us.belongingclosedputbringingII. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子 。1. Simon was _ _ _ _ _ (独一埋怨的人独一埋怨的人). Do you think he deserves a higher salary?2. _ _ _ (一切的事都思一切的事都思索在内索在内), his plan seems better than all the others.3. _ _ _ _ (当被问当被问到她是谁到她是谁), she said s

31、he was Mr. Johnsons friend.the only oneto complainAll things consideredAsked who she was4. From the dates _ _ _ _ _ (金币上标志的金币上标志的), the scientists learnt that it was made five hundred years ago.5. She refused to discuss her decision _ _ _ _ (退出这个组退出这个组).6. Mrs. Li showed her students _ _ _ _ (一些借来的旧

32、一些借来的旧照片照片) from the city library.marked on thegold cointoold photos borrowedquit the groupsome7. With Mothers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ _ _ (去买礼物去买礼物) for my mum.8. I have _ _ _ _ (许许多事要做多事要做) today, so Im afraid I cant go shopping with you this evening.9. The

33、 dining room is clean and tidy, with _ _ _ _ (曾经摆曾经摆好的桌子好的桌子) for a meal to be served.to buy giftsmany things to doa table already laid. 用非谓语动词短语补全下面句子，用非谓语动词短语补全下面句子， 使使每组句子的意思一样或相近每组句子的意思一样或相近 。1. I found the front door locked. I went round the back. _ _ _ _ _, I went round the back.2. I was short

34、 of money. I couldnt afford to buy a new car. _ _ _ _, I couldnt afford to buy a new car.Finding thefront door lockedBeing short ofmoney3. The painting was lost for many years. It turned up at an auction. _ _ _ _, the painting turned up at an auction.4. The meat was cooked for several hours. However

35、, it was still tough. Although _ _ _ _, the meat was still tough.5. There was so much noise. I couldnt hear what was going on. _ _ _ _ _, I couldnt hear what was going on.Lost for manyyearscooked for several hoursThere being so much noise. 用括号内动词的正确方式完成下面短文用括号内动词的正确方式完成下面短文 。A In a split second, wit

36、h no one 1. _(pay) attention, the two prisoners escaped from the back of the police car. They were handcuffed (给给戴上手铐戴上手铐) to each other. It was minutes before a policeman saw them 2. _ (run) down the street. “Well follow, two policemen said. “Have the driver bring the car to the end of the road. pa

37、yingrun/runningTell him 3. _ (let) them get away. If were not careful, well have the whole neighborhood complaining that weve been careless. The prisoners were still running side by side. The policemen saw them 4. _ (race) up the hill and 5. _ (disappear) round a corner. “Well never catch them now!

38、one of the policemen said. “I asked you 6. _ (leave) them unattended.not to letrace/racingdisappearnot to leaveThe prisoners were running at top speed. Suddenly, they saw a lamp post (柱柱) in front of them. “Go left! Go right! they each shouted at the same time, 7. _ (run) on either side of the lamp

39、post. The police found them finally, 8. _ (lie) on the pavement, unhurt, dazed (眩晕的眩晕的), and with silly smiles on their faces.runninglyingB While 1. _ (prepare) a meal for herguests, Mrs. Grant got rather worried about some unusual mushrooms which a kind friend had sent her from the country. 2. _ (f

40、eel) suspicious (疑心的疑心的), she gave a mushroom to her dog. 3. _ (see) that the dog ate it with no ill effects, Mrs. Grant decided 4. _ (cook) the mushrooms for her guests.preparingFeelingSeeing/Having seento cookThat evening the guests greatly enjoyedthe mushrooms, 5. _ (comment) on their unusual flavor. They quickly changed their minds when Mrs. Grants daughter, Jill, burst into the dining room and announced that the dog was dead. 6. _ (shock), Mrs. Grant phone