英语教程修订UnitWeatherandClimatePPT学习教案

1、会计学1Discuss with your partner the following questions.Whats the climate like in your hometown?第1页/共65页 What kind of weather do you prefer? Whats the difference between weather and climate? 第2页/共65页 1. Hows the weather today? A. Cold. B. Mild. C. Snowy. 2. Whats the weather like in the mans country?

2、A. Colder. B. Just as cold. C. Warmer. 3. Whats the weather like this day? A. B. C. A. You will hear five short conversations twice. For each question, choose the best from the choices marked A, B or C.第3页/共65页4. Hows the weather today in Tokyo? A. Windy. B. Cold. C. Sunny.5. Whats the weather forec

3、ast for tomorrow morning? A. B. C. A. You will hear five short conversations twice. For each question, choose the best from the choices marked A, B or C.第4页/共65页1. There will be snow with strong winds in _ . A. the east B. London C. the north of Scotland2. It will be cold in the morning and then it

4、will get warmer in _ . A. the east B. the west C. the north of Scotland3. The day will start fine both in the South and in the East. In which part will get rainy and cooler? A. In the south. B. In the east. C. Neither.B. You will hear a passage. It will be read twice. Listen carefully and choose the

5、 right answer to complete each sentence.第5页/共65页4. In Wales, it will be _ in the morning.A. rainy B. sunny C. foggy5. In London, the weather will be _ .A. fine and warm B. windy C. rainyB. You will hear a passage. It will be read twice. Listen carefully and choose the right answer to complete each s

6、entence.第6页/共65页C. You will hear five sentences which will be read three times. Listen, repeat and write down what you hear.1._2._3._4._5._Whats the weather like in your country?Whats the weather forecast for today?There will be snow tomorrow morning.We have very good weather in Paris.It was rainy a

7、nd cold and then it cleared up and got warmer.第7页/共65页D. Listen to the dialogue twice and supply the missing words.Woman: Where do you come from? Man: I come from England.Woman: Whats the _ like in your country? Man: Its generally rather _ .Woman: _ the weather like in spring? Man: Its often _ in Ma

8、rch, and always _ in April and May, but _ sometimes.Woman: Whats it like in summer?climatemildWhatswindywarmrains第8页/共65页D. Listen to the dialogue twice and supply the missing words. Man: Its _ in June, July and August.Woman: Is it cold or warm in autumn? Man: Its always warm in _ and its often _ in

9、 November. It rains sometimes.Woman: Is it very cold in winter? Man: Its often cold in December, _ . It snows sometimes.hotSeptember and OctobercoldJanuary and February第9页/共65页TapescriptsA 1. F: Its very cold and damp today. M: How are the winters here generally? F: Theyre usually rather mild. 2. F:

10、 Do you like the weather in this country? M: Not really, but Im used to it now. F: Is the weather different in your country? M: Yes. It never gets as cold there as it does here. 3. F: Hi, Bob! Lovely day, isnt it? M: Yes, its sunny and not windy. F: Its a pleasant change after all the rains weve had

11、.第10页/共65页 4. M: And whats the weather like in Beijing? F: Mm. Its awful. Its cold and windy. We have to stay at the hotel all day. Is it windy in Tokyo? M: No. We have beautiful sunshine today and its warm. 5. F: Were having a picnic tomorrow. Why dont you come with us? M: Id like to, but I wonder

12、whether its going to rain tomorrow. What does the weather forecast say? F: The weatherman says it may be foggy in the morning and then it will clear up with a height of about 18 , but it is supposed to rain at night.第11页/共65页TapescriptsB Here is the weather forecast for the next 24 hours. In the Nor

13、th of Scotland, there will be snow with strong winds. It will be very cold. In England and Wales, the weather will be much better. There will be some fog in the morning. But the fog will clear. And in the south, it will be a fine day with some sunshine. It will be quite warm. In the west, it will be

14、 cold in the morning, but it will get warmer, and perhaps there will be some sunshine later. In the east, the day will start fine, but then the weather will change. In the afternoon, there will be some rain. It will get cooler. And here in London, the weather will be fine and warm with some sunshine

15、. And thats the end of the weather forecast for today.第12页/共65页 ReadingReading第13页/共65页Using Weather Information We all use weather information of one kind or another, mostly to make decisions. It might be a simple decision to take a raincoat when going to school or to delay the start of a football

16、match, or it might be a more important one to divert an airliner to a fog-free airport. Millions of decisions like these are made every day, and to help decision makers the weatherman can provide information about the past or the future. For the past they have compiled a great mass of statistical an

17、d climatological data on which they can draw to answer all sorts of inquiries; for the future they prepare forecasts. Text第14页/共65页Text Below are just a few of the activities for which specialized weather services are provided. Nowadays most aircraft fly high, well above the clouds and weather, but

18、their crews are still vitally interested in landing conditions at their destination, i.e. the cloud base and visibility there. If bad weather is expected the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing. Ships, whe

19、ther large or small, are often at the mercy of the winds and the waves. The large ones can usually ride out the biggest storms, but smaller ones may have to take avoiding action to prevent loss or damage. The weather services help by warning the coming strong winds and by predicting their movement.

20、第15页/共65页Text Many long-range lorry operators plan their journeys on the basis of special weather forecast; and things such as the degree of refrigeration required for perishable goods during transportation can be determined from temperature forecasts. Trains can be held up by frozen points, the ici

21、ng of electric conductor rails and fog, so warnings are provided by weatherman in time for precautionary measures to be taken. Farmers have always had a particular interest in the weather because it affects their work and the products of their work at all stages. They like just the right amount of s

22、unshine, all coming at the right time. Perfect weather is not normally provided and the farmer has to make the best of what he gets, so to plan his operations he relies on the weatherman.第16页/共65页Text运用气象信息运用气象信息 我们都用这种或那种气象信息，多半借以做出决定。我们都用这种或那种气象信息，多半借以做出决定。这可能是如上学带雨衣或推迟举行足球赛之类的简单决定这可能是如上学带雨衣或推迟举行足

23、球赛之类的简单决定，也可能是如让客机转飞无雾机场这样较重要的决定。每，也可能是如让客机转飞无雾机场这样较重要的决定。每天都要做出无数这样的决定。气象员可以提供过去和未来天都要做出无数这样的决定。气象员可以提供过去和未来的气象信息以帮助决策者。对于过去的气象信息，气象员的气象信息以帮助决策者。对于过去的气象信息，气象员编制了大量的气象统计资料以用来回答有关过去的气象信编制了大量的气象统计资料以用来回答有关过去的气象信息的询问；也为未来的天气预报做准备息的询问；也为未来的天气预报做准备.第17页/共65页Text 下面只是一些需要提供特殊气象服务活动的例子。下面只是一些需要提供特殊气象服务活动的例

24、子。 现在大多数飞机飞得很高，远在云层之上，不受天现在大多数飞机飞得很高，远在云层之上，不受天气影响。但是机务人员依然对目的地的着陆条件，如云气影响。但是机务人员依然对目的地的着陆条件，如云底和能见度等很感兴趣。如果预计气候恶劣，天气预报底和能见度等很感兴趣。如果预计气候恶劣，天气预报人员必须能够在该飞机航程内提出另一个天气适合着陆人员必须能够在该飞机航程内提出另一个天气适合着陆的机场。的机场。 船只无论大小，其命运都受风浪摆布。大船通常能船只无论大小，其命运都受风浪摆布。大船通常能安然度过风暴，但较小的船只可能必须采取预防措施避安然度过风暴，但较小的船只可能必须采取预防措施避免受到损失和破坏

25、。气象台发出大风警报，预报大风动免受到损失和破坏。气象台发出大风警报，预报大风动向，从而提供帮助。向，从而提供帮助。第18页/共65页Text 许多长途卡车司机根据特殊气象预报来计划他们许多长途卡车司机根据特殊气象预报来计划他们的行程；像运输易腐烂食品所需的冷却温度之类的事的行程；像运输易腐烂食品所需的冷却温度之类的事情就可根据气温预报来确定。情就可根据气温预报来确定。 结冰的道岔、铁轨上出现的冰冻、结冰的带电导结冰的道岔、铁轨上出现的冰冻、结冰的带电导体以及雾等都会使火车停驶，所以气象人员必须及时体以及雾等都会使火车停驶，所以气象人员必须及时发出警报以便采取预防措施。发出警报以便采取预防措施

26、。 农民一直特别关心气候情况，因为气候在所有生农民一直特别关心气候情况，因为气候在所有生产阶段都影响他们劳动及收成。他们想要适时适量的产阶段都影响他们劳动及收成。他们想要适时适量的光照。但风调雨顺的好天气不多见。农民只能充分利光照。但风调雨顺的好天气不多见。农民只能充分利用其所能遇到的天气用其所能遇到的天气, 所以他必须依靠气象预报员来所以他必须依靠气象预报员来安排他的农事。安排他的农事。第19页/共65页例如： an ice-free harbour 不冻港 a nuclear-weapon-free zone 无核武器区 an interest-free loan 无息贷款 tax-fre

27、e 免税的Notes1.a fog-free airport 无雾机场无雾机场fog-free 是一个复合形容词，其中free 表示“无的”，“免除的”。第20页/共65页其中，draw on 的意思是“利用”，“靠”，“凭借”。on which they can draw to answer all sorts of inquiries 为data 的定语从句。如果which 在定语从句中作介词的宾语，那么这个介词可以提到从句前，构成介词 + which (whom) 引出的定语从句。Notes2. For the past they have compiled a great mass o

28、f statistical and climatological data on which they can draw to answer all sorts of inquiries. 他们已经汇编了大量的统计数字和气候学资料，以便回答有关过他们已经汇编了大量的统计数字和气候学资料，以便回答有关过 去的气象信息的询问。去的气象信息的询问。又如课文中的下一句：Below are just a few of the activities for which specialized weather services areprovided. 以下只是一些需要为之提供特殊气象服务的例子。第21页/

29、共65页从句 for which specialized weather services are provided 作 activities 的定语。又如：Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow. 海流影响其附近陆地的气候。NotesThe girl to whom you spoke is my sister. 跟你说话的那个女孩是我妹妹。这种句子中的关系代词有时也可省略。关系代词省略之后，介词应放在定语从句的句尾。口语中这种句型很常用。如：The girl you spoke to is m

30、y sister. 跟你说话的那个女孩是我妹妹。第22页/共65页at the mercy of 任处置；对无能为力Notes3. Ships, whether large or small, are often at the mercy of the winds and the waves. 船只无论大小，其命运常受风浪摆布。船只无论大小，其命运常受风浪摆布。例如：The day will certainly come when peasants will no longer be at the mercy of the weather for good harvest. 农民不再靠天吃饭，

31、这一天肯定会来到。第23页/共65页ride out 渡过难关；经受住Notes4. The large ones can usually ride out the biggest storms, 大船通常能安然渡过大风暴，大船通常能安然渡过大风暴，例如：We hope to ride out this recession better than last time. 我们希望这一次能更顺利地渡过经济衰退期。第24页/共65页Notes5. Things such as the degree of refrigeration required for perishable goods duri

32、ng transportation can be determined from temperature forecasts. 类似运输易腐食品所需的冷藏温度问题也可以根据气温预报类似运输易腐食品所需的冷藏温度问题也可以根据气温预报 来确定。来确定。6. Trains can be held up by frozen points, the icing of electric conductor rails and fog, . 结冰的道岔、导电轨上的冰冻以及雾都会使火车停驶，结冰的道岔、导电轨上的冰冻以及雾都会使火车停驶，points 在此处指铁轨上的“道岔”。用于此义时常用复数。elect

33、ric conductor rail 导电轨，接触轨（与路轨平行的轨道, 可供机车导入电流）第25页/共65页mostly adv.1) for the greatest part; mainlye.g. The earth here is mostly clay. Most of the Americans use their cars mostly for their job.2) generally; usuallye.g. The audience consisted mostly of women. The weather has been mostly warm.delay1) v

34、t. to postpone until a later timee.g. The letter was delayed three days by the train accident. We decided to delay our holiday until next month. He delayed telling her the news, waiting for the right moment.第26页/共65页2) vi. to act or move slowly; put off an action or a decisione.g. Its getting late;

35、dont delay. Dont delay; call us today.3) n. the act of delaying; postponemente.g. After a delay of one hour, we continued our journey. Commuters will face long delays on the roads today.divert1) vt. to turn aside from a course or directione.g. A ditch diverted water from the stream into the fields.

36、The government is planning to divert the river to supply water to the town. A loud noise from the street diverted my attention.Language Points第27页/共65页2) vi. to change the direction or the use of somethinge.g. The trucks were forced to divert to another road. He was trained as an actor, but diverted

37、 to diplomacy. Traffic was ordered to divert to another road because of the repair of the main road. compile vt.to gather into a single booke.g. We are compiling an English dictionary for students. The album was compiled from live recordings from last years tour. We are trying to compile a list of s

38、uitable people for the job.Language Points第28页/共65页 statistic n.a collection of information shown in numberse.g. According to official statistics the disease killed over 500 people. Statistics show that far more people are able to ride a bicycle than can drive a car. An important statistic is that 9

39、4% of crime relates to property.statistical adj.relating to the science of using numbers to present factse.g. statistical methods in data analysis statistical tables and graphsLanguage Points第29页/共65页 statistically adv.e.g. statistical analysis/ methods/data The difference between the two samples wa

40、snt statistically significant. Cure rates didnt differ statistically between the two groups.statistics n.the science of using numbers to represent facts and describe situationse.g. He got a masters degree in economics and statistics.specialize vi.to pursue a special activity, occupation, or field of

41、 studye.g. That doctor specializes in childrens illnesses. After she qualified as a lawyer, she decided to specialize in contract law.Language Points第30页/共65页speciality (BrE), specialty (AmE) n.1) C a special field of work or studye.g. Her specialty is Business English. His specialty is biology; min

42、e is physiology.2) speciality (BrE) a particular fine or excellent producte.g. I can recommend the vegetable pieits the specialty of the restaurant. The menu changes daily, though the specialty is seafood. Wood carving is a specialty of this village.visible adj.that can be seene.g. The house is clea

43、rly visible from the beach. Most stars arent visible to the naked eyes. She made a visible effort to control her anger.Language Points第31页/共65页visibility n.U how far or well you can seee.g. Visibility was down to about 100 meters in the fog. The car has excellent all-round visibility. The advertisem

44、ents were to increase the companys visibility in the market place.mercy n.1) a kind or forgiving attitude towards somebodye.g. He begged for mercy. They showed no mercy to their hostages.2) an event or a situation to be grateful, usually because it stops something unpleasante.g. Its a mercy that the

45、 explosion happened after the theatre. Its a mercy that she wasnt seriously hurt.Language Points第32页/共65页at the mercy ofin a situation controlled by somebody or something with the power to harm youe.g. Im not going to put myself at the mercy of the bank. We were at the mercy of the weatheravoid vt.t

46、o choose not to do somethinge.g. I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and ran towards me. To avoid confusion, the teams wore different colors. To avoid the city center, we may turn right here and take the belt highway.Language Points第33页/共65页rely on sb./sth. (to do sth.)1) to tru

47、st somebody / something to do for youe.g. My brother can help. At least we can rely on him. You should rely on your own judgment. You can rely on me to keep this secret.2) to need or be dependent on somebody / somethinge.g. These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work. The industry r

48、elies on the price of raw materials remaining low. The museum relies on voluntary donations to keep open.Language Points第34页/共65页reliable adj.can be trusted; dependablee.g. Its not reliable to judge a man only by his looks. Alice can look after this child. She is very reliable. I heard this from a v

49、ery reliable source.prevent v.to keep from happeninge.g. Regular cleaning may help prevent infection. If necessary, add a little water to prevent sticking.prevent. fromto keep (something) from (happening); stop (somebody) from ( doing something)e.g. What prevented you from joining us last night? He

50、is prevented by law from holding a license. We must prevent the disease from spreading.Language Points第35页/共65页be suitable forto be right for particular purposee.g. This film isnt suitable for young children. Is he suitable for the important position? We need more programs that are suitable for chil

51、dren.ride outto overcome a difficult or dangerous period or situation without any seriousprobleme.g. The ship rode out the storm without any permanent damage. We hope to ride out this recession better than last time. We shall certainly be able to ride out every difficulty.Language Points第36页/共65页hol

52、d up1) to delay or block the movement or progress of sb./sth.e.g. An accident is holding up traffic. My application was held up by the postal strike. Sorry Im late, but my train was held up.2) to remain strong and working effectivelye.g. Shes holding up well under the pressure. Her legs were almost

53、too shaky to hold her up.Language Points第37页/共65页take measures/precautions to do sth.to take an official action to achieve a particular aime.g. We must take preventive measures to reduce pollution in this area. Doctors recommended taking precautions to protect your skin from the sun. Stronger measur

54、es will have to be taken to bring down unemployment.make the best of sth.to accept the bad or difficult situation and do as well as you cane.g. The girl didnt like to wash dishes, but she made the best of it. One must learn to make the best of a bad job.Language Points第38页/共65页1)In formal styles we

55、often put a preposition before the relative pronouns which (for things) and whom (for people).Structure and Grammar句型：句型：prep. + which/whome.g. The rate at which a material heats up depends on its chemical composition. In the novel by Peters, on which the film is based, the main character is a teena

56、ger. Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost. Mr. Carter, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan. I have at last met Lindas tenant, about whom I have heard so much. Her many friends, among whom I like to be considered, gave her encouragement.第3

57、9页/共65页Structure and Grammare.g. Who is the man with whom you just shook hands? The two things about which Marx wasnt sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.Notice that after a preposition you cant use who instead of whom and you cant use that or zero relative pronoun.In informal English we us

58、ually put the preposition later in the relative clause rather than at the beginning. When we do this, we normally use who (not whom) for people.e.g. This is Mr Carter, who I was telling you about. The playground wasnt used by those children who it was built for. Yesterday we visited the City Museum,

59、 which Id never been to before. His house, which he paid $10,000 for ten years ago, is now worth $50,000.第40页/共65页Structure and Grammar2) If the verb in a relative clause is a phrasal verb ending with a preposition, you cannot move the preposition to the beginning of the clause. Combinations such as

60、 “ come across, look after, look for, look up to, turn in, pay attention to, take care of, depend on, listen to, put up with” should be treated as a unit, i.e., the preposition/ a adverb shouldnt be separated from the verb.e.g. Everyone I came across seemed to know about it. This machine, which I ha