FS400高速涡流粉碎机的设计【含9张CAD图纸、论文、开题报告】
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FS400高速涡流粉碎机的设计【含9张CAD图纸、论文、开题报告】,含9张CAD图纸、论文、开题报告,FS400,高速,涡流,粉碎机,设计,CAD,图纸,论文,开题,报告
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英文原文Dispersion of nanoparticles by novel wet-type pulverizer utilized supersonic jet flowAbstract.We have examined the dispersion of barium titanate nanoparticles (BT-NPs) andhave discussed the effect of air pressure supplied to the nozzle on the dispersion by using novelwet-type pulverizer utilized supersonic jet flow (SSJM). The aggregated particle size wasdecreased with increasing the air pressure and the collision times. In the optimized condition,almost the BT-NPs were dispersed with the primary particles, however, further excessivecollision had caused reaggregations. The degree of dispersion has been affected by the airpressure. The injected droplets had formed almost the same diameter regardless of air pressureand the velocity was increased with increasing of the air pressure and reached 300 m/s. Wehave speculated that the shockwave dominates the dispersion of BT-NPs.1. IntroductionNanoparticles are required highly in many applications such as dielectric materials for electronicdevices, electrode materials for secondary batteries, etc. The nanoparticles have been frequentlyproduced by the so-called build up processes such as hydrothermal process, coprecipitation process,and sol-gel method. For exploiting size effect of nanoparticles, it is crucial to control the dispersion and aggregation of the nanoparticles in suspension. However, nanoparticles aggregate more easily and strongly than submicron sized particles, and aggregated nanoparticles do not fragment easily.Therefore, it is quite difficult to disperse nanoparticles perfectly, and the dispersion of nanoparticles has become a fundamental technique for handling nanoparticles in industries. It has been reported that he nanoparticles were well-dispersed by using beads mill 1.Bead milling with balls several tens of micrometers in diameter has recently been developed as anew method to disperse nanoparticles to almost primary particle size 1. However, the contamination caused by the grinded ball in bead milling was ten times higher than that caused by dry grinding 2.For providing nanoparticles dispersing method that can solve the above problem, we have developed novel wet-type pulverizer utilized supersonic jet flow (hereafter referred to as supersonic wet jet mill;SSJM). In this study, we have reported the dispersing result of barium titanate nanoparticles (BT-NPs) and have discussed the effect of air pressure on the dispersion by using the SSJM.2. Experimental apparatus and procedure2.1. Experimental apparatusFigure1 shows schematic diagram of the SSJM (left). The right part of describes shows the internal configuration of the nozzle part. The compressed air (maximum air pressure was 0.6 MPa) was supplied at the top part of the nozzle. The Laval nozzle, which was used for the SSJM as shown in Figure1, is used to accelerate a compressed air passing through it to a supersonic speed, and upon expansion, to form the exhaust flow so that the heat energy propelling the flow is maximally converted into kinetic energy. As a result, the injected droplets passing through the nozzle were accelerated to supersonic and were naturally cooled. The suspension in the feed tank was supplied to the throat of the nozzle, while controlling the volume flow through the pump tubing. The supplied suspension had been formed droplets by jet flow and had been accelerated inside the nozzle. The accelerated droplets had collided with the SiC plate. Most of the processed suspension was collected at the bottom tank, and some of the processed suspension was evacuated along with the jet flow, therefore, the solvent recovery tank unit attached to the exhaust line. Figure 1. Schematic diagrams of supersonic wet jet mill (left) and the nozzle part (right), showing approximate flow velocity (V), together with the effect on temperature (T) and pressure (P). 2.2. Experimental procedureTwo kinds of BT-NP were used in this work. BT-NPs with the average particle size of 30 nm weresynthesized by the sol-gel method 3 (referred to as sol-gel BT). Commercially available BT-NPs(BT-01, Sakai Chemical Industry, Japan) with the average particle size of 100 nm were manufactured by hydrothermal method (referred to as hydrothermal BT). A dispersant used in this study was an ammonium salt of poly (acrylic acid) (PAA-NH4+ , Mw 8000, Touagousei, Japan). The sol-gel BT was added to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in 2 volume % (referred to as sol-gel BT suspension). PAA-NH4+ was added to distilled water in 5 wt% against powder weight and then the hydrothermal BT was added in 20 volume percents against distilled water (referred to as hydrothermal BT suspension). Each suspension was injected under various air pressures from 0.3 to 0.6 MPa. An aggregated particle size was evaluated by dynamic light scattering method (DLS, Nano-ZS, Malvern,UK). A shape and microstructure of the BT-NPs were examined with a transmission electron microscope (TEM, JEM-3200EX, JEOL, Japan) and a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, S-4800, Hitachi, Japan).For discussing the effect of air pressure on the dispersion by use of the SSJM, size and velocity distributions of droplets were measured as follows. Distilled water was injected under various airpressures from 0.3 to 0.6 MPa. The size and velocity distribution of droplets at a distance of 100 mm away from the nozzle exit were measured simultaneously by Phase Doppler Anemometry (Dantec Dynamics, Denmark)3. Result and discussion Figure 2. Effect of collision number on cumulative mean diameter of sol-gel BTsuspensions under various air pressures.Figure 4. FESEM images of hydrothermal BT-NPs: (A) and (B) were before collision process,and (C) and (D) were after collision process for 3times at 0.6 MPa3.1. Dispersion of BT-NPs Figure2 shows change of cumulative mean diameter DA, of which the value represents theaverage aggregated size, with collision number under various air pressures for sol-gel BT.TEM images of BT-NPs collided under various conditions were shown in Figure3. DA of the BT-NPs collided at 0.3 MPa was decreased with increasing collision number. The BT-NPs collided for 3 times at 0.3 MPa were dispersed with almost the primary particles (as shown in Figure3(B), however, further excessive collision had caused reaggregations. Although DA collided at 0.4 and 0.6 MPa were also decreased by the collision at once or twice, DA was increased immediately. As shown in Figure3 (D), sol-gel BT-NPs were pulverized to finer BT-NPs with the size under 10 nm than the initial particle size, and were formed aggregations with the size over 100nm consisted of the pulverized finer particles.Figure4 shows FESEM images of the hydrothermal BT-NPs. As-recieved hydrothermal BT-NPswere aggregated with the sizes over 1 m as shown in Figure4 (A), and were widely distributed in range of from 100 to 200 nm and under 100 nm (Figure4 (B). After the collision for 3 times at 0.6MPa, BT-NPs with the size under 100 nm were clearly increased and the aggregated particles were not existed as far as FESEM observation was concerned. Figure5 shows the hydrothermal BT particle size distributions collided at 0.3 MPa and 0.6 MPa. Like the FESEM observation, the aggregated particles were decreased and the particles with the size under 100 nm were increased with increasing collision number. However, reaggregations with the size over 1 m and quite fine BT-NPs under 10 nm had been generated by the collision for 5 times at 0.6 MPa as shown in Figure5. Excessive collision at 0.6 MPa had caused reaggregations, similarly the sol-gel BT-NPs dispersion result. The degree of dispersion has been affected by air pressure.3.2. Effect of air pressure on the dispersion by SSJM.Figure 6 shows the size and the velocity distribution of injected droplets under the air pressuresfrom 0.3 to 0.6 MPa measured at a distance of 100 mm away from the nozzle exit. The injecteddroplets formed almost the same diameter regardless of air pressure and the median diameter wasabout 7 m. The droplets velocity was increased with increasing of the air pressure and the velocity in all measurements reached 300 m/s. In case of dry-type jet mill, of which the pulverizing principal is similar to the SSJM, it has been reported that the driving force of pulverizing were the shockwave generated by the collision and the interparticle collision inside the nozzle 4.Figure 5. Particle size distributions in hydrothermal BT suspensions collided at 0.3 MPa(left) and 0.6 MPa (right).For the SSJM, the shock wave has been occurred more strongly than that by using the conventional jet mill, of which the impact velocity is 80 m/s or less 5, since the shock wave is proportional to the impact velocity 4. In addition, the cavitation and the shear stress can be generated 6, and the shear stress arisen from the deformation of droplet at the collision is also proportional to the impact velocity.Therefore, we have speculated that the shockwave and the shear stress arises from deformation of droplet dominate the dispersion of BT-NPs.4. ConclusionThe BT-NPs collided at optimized condition were dispersed with almost the primary particle, however,further excessive collision had caused reaggregations. The BT-NPs collided at 0.6 MPa were pulverized to finer BT-NPs than the initial particle size, and were formed aggregations. The degree of dispersion has been affected by the air pressure. The injected droplets formed almost the same diameter regardless of air pressure, however, the velocity was increased with increasing of the air pressure and the velocity in all measurements reached 300 m/s. We have speculated that theshockwave and the shear stress arises from deformation of droplet dominate the dispersion of BT-NPs.References1 Inkyo M, Tahara T, Iwaki T, Okuyama K and Hogan C J 2006 J. Colloid Interface Sci. 304 5352 Nakayama T 2008 Kagakusouchi 50 883 Makino T, Arimura M, Fujiyoshi K and Kuwabara M 2007 Key Eng. Mater. 350 314 Okuda S 1999 J. Soc. Powder Technol. Jpn. 36 5585 Shakouchu T and Morimoto H 2004 J. Jpn. Soc. Experimental Mechanics 4 1846 Rein M 2002 Drop-Surface Interactions, Springer, New York中文译文 利用超音速射流分散纳米粒子的新型湿式粉碎机概要 我们已经检查并且探讨了分散纳米钛酸钡（BT-NPS）的技术和实验过程，在这其中通过使用新颖的超音速射流（SSJM）新型湿式粉碎机上的分散体上的喷嘴，讨论、研究出了空气压力对其的影响。本次研究的这款新型湿式粉碎，是机利用超音速射流（SSJM），粉碎纳米粒子的。初步得出聚合粒子的大小与空气压力和碰撞时间的关系，得出其随后两者的增加而相应的增加。在实验过程中，在优化条件下，BT-纳米颗粒几乎与初级粒子一样分散离合。但是，经过一段时间的进一步碰撞，最终的过度碰撞造成了物质间的相互重新组合。这种挤压破坏、重新聚合的现象以及分散程度受到空气压力的影响。注入的液滴形成了直径几乎相同的形状，速度随着空气压力的增加而增加，最终增加到了300m/。通过此类现象的研究，我们纷纷猜测，在引起这些一些列的现象中，冲击波在BT-粒子的分散中占据了主导地位，起到了推波助澜的作用。1. 介绍 纳米粒子（粒度在1100nm之间的粒子，又称超细微粒 ），被广泛的应用到许多场合，比如电子设备中使用的高介电材料，二级电池电极材料等，纳米颗粒已被频繁的建立和使用在所谓的“建立进程”，例如水热法，共沉淀法，溶胶-凝胶法生产的纳米颗粒等。想要利用纳米粒子的尺寸效应1，关键的部分是要控制在悬浮液中的纳米颗粒的分散性和悬浮聚合程度。然而，纳米粒子聚合相比亚微米大小的颗粒，更容易并且可以剧烈的发生反应，聚合纳米颗粒并不很容易破碎或裂开。因此，很大程度上来说，分散纳米粒子是相当困难和复杂的技术。同时，完全分散纳米粒子，已成为处理纳米粒子行业中的一个基本技术。据报道，其中的一个说法是，利用纳米粒子良好的分散性能，通过使用有孔玻璃珠磨机1，最近已经发展出一个可以利用珠磨分散纳米颗粒珠铣出球直径几十微米的超小尺寸的新方法1。然而，这项发现的背后还引发了一系列的问题，其中就包括珠磨机中研磨球所造成的污染，是干摩机引起污染的10倍以上。通过这一系列的问题以及寻求解决之道的途径，结合在此过程中，对纳米颗粒分散方法所进行的一些研究和其中的发现，我们已经开发出新颖的湿式粉碎机。这种新型粉碎机是利用超音速喷流（以下称为超音速湿式喷射研磨机；SSJM）来实现粉碎效果。在这项研究中，我们已经报道了钛酸钡纳米粒子（BT-纳米颗粒）的分散的结果，并通过使用SSJM分散，讨论了空气压力的影响效果。2. 实验仪器和程序2.1 实验装置如图1，显示出来SSJM（左）的示意原理图。右边的部分显示描述了内部配置部分的喷嘴部分的内部结构。在顶端部分的喷嘴供给压缩空气（最大空气压力为0.6MPa）。这个喷嘴（拉伐尔喷嘴），如图1所示，用于SSJM，顶部的压缩空气通过它来加速，获得一个超音速加速，并在膨胀时，形成的排气流，以便能最大限度地推动热能转换成动能。其结果是，通过喷嘴注入的液滴被加速到超音速和进行自然冷却。与此同时，在进料罐中的悬浮液被供给到所述喷嘴的喉部，从而起到控制流过泵管的体积流量的作用。所提供的悬架已经在喷嘴内部得到加速并且同时形成了液滴的喷射流。加速液滴与碳化硅板相互碰撞。处理后的悬浮液大部分都被收集在底部的收集罐，一些处理后的悬浮液随着喷流被抽空疏散，因此，溶剂回收罐装置，其被连接到排气管。 图1 超音速湿式喷射示意图 在磨机（左）和喷嘴部分（右）表示出 了大约的血流速度（V），连同 温度（T）和压力（P）的影响。 2.2 实验过程在这项实验工作中，使用的是两种不同类型的BT-NP。 BT-纳米粒子与平均粒径为30nm的通过溶胶-凝胶法合成（简称为溶胶-凝胶BT）。市售的BT纳米粒3（BT-01，堺化学工业，日本）制造的平均粒径为100nm，采用水热法（简称为热液BT）。本研究中使用的分散剂是一种聚（丙烯酸）（PAA-NH4 +，分子量8000，Touagousei，日本）的铵盐。溶胶-凝胶BT具体过程是在其中加入乙二醇单甲基醚2（体积）（以下简称为溶胶-凝胶BT悬浮液）， PAA-NH4 +的溶液中加入蒸馏水，再兑粉末重量的5（重量），然后兑蒸馏水（简称作为热液BT悬浮）在20（体积）溶液中加入热液BT。每个注射悬浮液根据不同的空气压力范围从0.30.6兆帕。一个聚合粒子的大小具体是通过动态光散射法（DLS，纳米-ZS，马尔文，英国）来进行判定和评价的。通过使用透射电子显微镜（TEM，JEM-3200EX，JEOL，日本）和电场发射扫描显微镜（SEM，S-4800，日立公司，日本）对BT-纳米颗粒的形状和微观结构进行了深入的观察和研究。为了讨论以上的分散液中的空气压力的效果，通过使用本SSJM，对液滴的尺寸和速度分布进行了如下进行测定。具体过程是将蒸馏水注入压力为0.30.6兆帕的空气压力下，喷嘴出口的距离相差100毫米的液滴，对其大小和速度分布进行测定，同时测量相位多普勒风速仪（丹特克动力，丹麦），观察具体读数和实验现象。3. 结果与讨论图2 累积平均直径为溶胶-凝胶BT碰撞数的影响不同的空气压力下的悬浮液。图4 FESEM图像热液BT-NPS：（A）和（B）之前的碰撞过程，和（C）和（D）3后碰撞过程时间在0.6 MPa3.1 BT-粒子的分散如图2，给出了累积平均变化关系示意图，其中的数值代表直径DA，它的值代表平均聚集规模。碰撞数根据不同的空气压力，表现为为溶胶-凝胶的BT.TEM图像的BT-NPS相撞了各种条件如下图所示。 DA BT-粒子的相撞增加碰撞数下降0.3兆帕。对BT-纳米粒子相撞，每次几乎粒子分散在0.3 MPa的3倍（如图3（B）所示），然而，进一步的过度碰撞造成reaggregations，。虽然DA相撞0.4和0.6兆帕，也减少了一次或两次的碰撞，DA立即升高。如图3（D）所示，溶胶-凝胶BT-纳米粒子粉碎成更细的BT-纳米粒子，BT-纳米粒子的大小比初始颗粒尺寸为10nm以下，形成聚合的大小超过100nm的包括粉碎的更细的颗粒。图4-1显示FESEM图像的热液BT粒子。 AS-收件
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