大学体验英语3 第一单元预习辅导

1、Unit 1Passage A Care for Our Mother Earth# Detailed Reading#1. Difficult Sentences 1. (LL.34 The biggest threat to our environment today is the way we, as human beings, see our environment.1. What does the sentence imply?2. Why does the expert say so?2. (LL.910 Look at the relationship between the t

2、ree and its environment and you will see the future of the tree.1Whats the implied meaning of the sentence?2. What are the components of your environment? How do you affect and are affected by your environment?3. Translate the sentence into Chinese3. (L.39 Air and water pollution are our Number One

3、priorities.1. Paraphrase this sentence2. Why are air and water their Number One priorities?3. Translate the sentence into Chinese4. (LL.4042 These are two elements that are not inexhaustible, and we must realize that once we reach the point of no return, there will be nothing left for future generat

4、ions.1. What does “reach the point of no return” mean?2. Paraphrase this sentence3. Translate the sentence into Chinese5. (L46 We live divided lives.1. What are the divided lives?2. Translate the sentence into Chinese6. (LL.5051 When we are greedy for more than what we need for our well-being, we al

5、ways abuse the resources of our body and the earth.1. Paraphrase this sentence2. Translate the sentence into Chinese7. (LL.5758 Too many of us just sit back and say “Ill let the experts deal with it.”1. Paraphrase this sentence2. As a student, what actions can you take to deal with the environmental

6、 problem instead of just sitting back?3. Translate the sentence into Chinese#2. Words and Expressions1. (L.5 independent: adj.1 separate and not connected with* Two independent investigators have reached virtually the same conclusions.你们的问题应是互不关联的。(=Your questions should be independent of each other

7、.2 not dependent (on other people or things; not controlled (by other people or things* She never borrows anything; shes far too independent for that.她希望经济上独立。(=She would like to be financially independent.Pattern:independent of 独立；独自NB:independent后常接介词of,构成短语independent of sb / sth,而其反义词dependent常接

8、介词on或upon,构成短dependent on / upon2. (L.6 interconnected: adj. that have a connection (with one another; not independent* I see these two theories as somehow interconnected.眼睛的各个部分和神经系统相互连结。(=The various parts of the eye are interconnected with the nervous system.NB:inter- 是一个前缀，常与动词、名词、形容词组合。通常有以下两种意

9、思:1 between; from one to another 如：international, intercity, interpersonal2 together; mutually 如：interchange, interact, interlink3. (be blind to: completely fail to notice or realize something *We tend to be blind to our own assumptions when we are locked inside them.做母亲的有时候不能察觉她们所宠爱的孩子们的过错，这样做的结果会使

10、孩子们再次犯同样的过错。(=Mothers are sometimes blind to the faults of their beloved children, which will cause the children to make the same mistake again.NB:表示“视而不见”还可以用turn a blind eye to; close/shut ones eyes to.其它常见与身体的某些部位有关的短语还有：turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻hold ones tongue 保持沉默 keep ones hair on 保持冷静 turn up

11、ones nose at 嗤之以鼻wash ones hands off 洗手不干4. (L.12 consequence: n. something that happens as a result of a particular action or set of conditions*Acceptance of what has happened is the first step to overcoming the consequences of any misfortune.她的投资结果很惨，血本无归。(=Her investment had disastrous consequenc

12、es: she lost everything she owned.Collocation:in consequence 因此，结果是in consequence of 由于，因为bear / suffer / take the consequence of 承担 的后果CF: consequence, result & outcome这些名词均含“结果”之意。consequence多指随某一事件引起的，必然或自然的不良结果，不强调直接的因果关系，而强调事件发展的逻辑关系。例如：*If you dont conform to the law, you must take the consequ

13、ence.如果你不遵守法律，你必须承担后果。result普通用词，含义广泛，强调因某种原因所产生的最终结果，而不是眼前的结果。例如：*His limp is the result of an accident. 他腿瘸是事故所致。 outcome普通用词，多指事物经过一系列发展变化所导致的最终结局，而不是某种原因的直接结果。常可与result通用。例如：*People who had heard the evidence at the trial were surprised at the outcome. 凡是在审判中听到证词的人都对审判结果感到惊讶。5. (L.15 deforest: v

14、t. cut down or destroy trees *About 400 000 square kilometers of the Amazon basin have already been deforested.在这个地区砍伐森林来建高尔夫球场的决定遭到了当地居民的强烈反对。(=The decision to deforest the area for an airport/a golf course is strongly opposed by the local residents.NB:de- 是一个前缀，常与动词、名词、形容词、副词组合。通常有以下两种意思：1 opposit

15、e or negative of如：demilitarize, denationalize 2 removal of 如：desalt, decontrol6. (L.17 upset: vt. 1 disrupt (a plan, etc*Our arrangement for the weekend was upset by her visit.这场大雾搅乱了火车的班次。(=Fog upset the train timetable.2 (cause sth to become overturned or spill, esp accidentally*The heavy waves up

16、set the boat and the fishermen had to swim to the bank. 他把杯子打翻了，咖啡流了一地。(=He upset the cup and the coffee went all over the floor.Collocation:upset the /sbs applecart 打乱计划7. (L.18 purify: vt. remove the dirty or unwanted parts from something*It is said that in purified water minerals useful to our he

17、alth has been removed. 要消灭这土壤的所有细菌使之净化。(=The soil has to be purified of all bacteria.Pattern:purify sth of sth 净化某物purify sb of sth 洗刷某人的罪恶8. (L.18 convert: vt. 1 change sth from one form or use to another*The room was converted from a kitchen to a study.太阳能电池能把阳光的能量转化为电能。(=The solar cell can conver

18、t the energy of sunlight into electric energy.2 change ones beliefs, esp ones religion*We convert him, we capture his inner mind, we reshape him.她终于设法说服了他接受她的意见。(=She managed to convert him to her opinion.Pattern:convert (sth from sth into/to sth 改变事物的形式或用途convert sb from sth to sth 改变信仰(尤指宗教信仰CF: c

19、onvert, transform & alter 这些动词均含有“变化，改变”之意。convert指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。transform指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化，失去原状成为全新的东西。alter常指轻微的改变，强调基本上保持原物、原状的情况下所进行的部分改变。(Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Do you know the process by which ca

20、terpillars (毛虫 are _ into butterflies? (=transformed2. European missionaries _ thousands to Christianity. (=converted3. She had to _ her clothes after losing weight. (=alter4. The room was _ from a kitchen to a lavatory. (=converted9. (L.20 evaporate: vi. 1 change into vapor and disappear*The water

21、soon evaporated in the sunshine.2 be lost or cease to exist*I dont know where all the money goes on. I try to economize, but it just seems to evaporate. 做梦以后若不马上把梦境形诸言词很快就会忘得干干净净。(=Dreams quickly evaporate unless we hasten to put them into words.10. (L.24 transform: vt. completely change the appeara

22、nce or character*A fresh coat of paint can transform a room.她过去十分腼腆，但在国外呆了一年后完全变了。(=She used to be very shy, but a year abroad has completely transformed her.transformation n.11. (L.27 release1. n. instance of being set free; a feeling that you are free from the worry or pain that you have been suff

23、ering*After my examination I had a feeling of release.战争的结束使所有战俘得到释放。(=The end of the war brought the release of the prisoners.2. vt. allow (a person or an animal to go; set free or liberate sb/sth*Death released him from his sufferings.她轻轻地从他的拥抱中挣脱.(=She gently released herself from his embrace.Pat

24、tern:release sb /sth from sth 释放；解放release sth to sb / sth 发布（新闻等）CF: free, liberate & release这些动词均含“解放，释放”之意。free指不再受任何限制、约束、阻碍和压迫，完全可按自己的意志行事。liberate常指从束缚和压迫中解放出来，强调获得最终的解放，有时可和free换用。release强调指放松限制、解除监禁或免除义务。12. (L.29 trap: 1. vt. 1 keep sth in a particular place, usu so that it can be easily re

25、moved, used later, etc*His new underwear is made of a special fabric that traps body heat.过滤网可存住空气中的尘埃。(=A filter traps dust from the air.2 keep sb in a place from which he wants to move but cannot*Twenty miners were trapped underground and only five survived.电梯出故障了，我们困在里面出不来。(=The lift broke down a

26、nd we were trapped inside.3 catch by a trick or deception*The scoundrel was trapped into telling the police all he knew.那个天真的女孩陷入了不幸的婚姻。(=The innocent girl was trapped into an unhappy marriage.2. n. trick or device to make sb betray himself, reveal a secret*The employer set a trap for the man by put

27、ting marked money in the till.我们的士兵假装逃跑，敌人追赶他们，落入了圈套。(=Our soldiers pretended to run away and the enemy, in pursuing them, fell into a trap.Collocation:a mouse-trap 捕鼠器a fly-trap 捕蝇器set a trap 设置陷阱lay a trap 设置陷阱fall into a trap 落入陷阱caught in a trap 掉入陷阱spring a trap 触动陷阱13. (L.30 all the way: empha

28、size how long a distance is*Football fans came all the way from every corner of the world to watch the World Cup 2002.漂亮是浮于表面的，而丑陋是深入骨髓的。(=Beauty is only skin deep, but ugliness goes all the way to the bone!Collocation:by the way 顺便说一下, 在途中的路边上by way of 途经;作为,当作in a way 在某种程度上in the way 造成不便或阻碍(Dire

29、ctions: Fill in the blanks with the expressions above. 1. The ocean water was clear _ to the Bottom. (= all the way2. Although he thought he was helping us prepare the dinner, he was only _. (= in the way3. The changes are an improvement _. (= in a way4. _ an introduction, I shall explain some of th

30、e historical background. (= by way of5. What did you say your name was, _? (= by the way14. (L.35 impact on: have an important or noticeable effect on someone or something*Falling export rates have considerably impacted on the countrys economy. 这场给人类带来巨大灾难的战争对这样一个诗人产生了什么影响呢？(=How did the war, which

31、brought terrible disasters to mankind, impact on such a poet?15. (L.37 specific: adj.1 relating to one particular thing; not general*The money is to be used for one specific purpose: the building of the new theatre.在试验手册中有专门的指导。(=Specific instructions are included in the test manual.2 detailed, prec

32、ise and exact*This argument requires a specific explanation.信息应当尽可能明确而完整。(=Information should be as specific and thorough as possible.CF: special, particular & specific这几个词均含“特殊的，特别的”之意。special强调所描述的事物具有使其与同等或同类事物相区别的品质,外貌,用途等particular强调同类中某一个体所具有的独特性质，含有“过于讲究的”意思specific着重指某种、某类事物具有的特定的属性，可指专门提出作特

33、别考虑的事物。还含有“具体的、明确的”意思(Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. 1. He is a very _ friend of mine. We have gone through so many things together. （= special）2. He is very _ about food. Its hard to please him. (= particular3. You must have _l permission to take photos of these paintings. (=

34、special4. Bacteriology, in _ particular, microbiology had fascinated him. (= particular5. The division of labor is clear-cut, everyone is charged with _ responsibilities. (= specific16. (L.39 priority: n. something that must be dealt with as soon as possible and before other less important things*Ag

35、riculture is still a high priority in most developing countries.政府将改革法制列为工作的重点。(=The Government gave top priority to reforming the legal system.Collocation:first / top / main / high priority 最优先in order of priority 按优先的顺序priority over 优先权;重点take priority over 取得优先权give priority to 优先考虑17. (L.41 inex

36、haustible: adj. existing in such large amounts that it can never be finished or used up*His energy was unbounded and his patience inexhaustible. 桥牌和国际象棋中层出不穷的可能性吸引不少玩棋的人。(=The inexhaustible possibilities in bridge and chess have fascinated generations of players. exhaustibleexhaust v.exhaustion n.18

37、. (L.41 the / a point of no return: the point in a course of action beyond which reversal is not possible*If he doesnt have his heart operation very soon, hes in danger of reaching a point of no return.必须采取措施，否则情况将到无法挽回的地步。(=Something must be done before the situation reached the point of no return.

38、Collocation:a point of departure 启程的地点；事业的起点a point of honor /conscience 关系到荣誉或良心的事a point of order 程序问题turning point 转折点boiling point 沸点beside the point 离题的to the point 切题的to the point of 达到某种程度19. (L.47 convenience n. arrangement, appliance or device that is useful, helpful or suitable*The house h

39、as such modern conveniences as central heating and hot water supply.有医生住在我们附近真是太方便了。(=It was a great convenience to have the doctor living near us.Collocation:at ones convenience 在方便时at your earliest convenience 尽早convenience food 方便食品convenience store 便利商店a public convenience 公共厕所20. (L.48 addicted

40、 adj. liking to do or have something so much that one does not want to stop*Some students are so addicted to computer games that they neglect their studies.他酷爱溜冰。(=He was passionately addicted to skating.Collocation:be addicted to 沉溺于addiction n.addictive a.21. (L.51 abuse1. vt. 1 make bad or wrong

41、use of sth*They should never be allowed to abuse their authority and position. 不要辜负他们对你的信任。 (=Dont abuse the confidence they have placed in you.2 treat sb badly; exploit*It should come as no surprise to learn that many abused children become abusers later in life.其中几个儿童身体受到了虐待。(=Several of the children had been physically abused.2. n. wrong or bad use or treatment of sth / sb*There is no freedom that is not open to abuse.他因滥用药物而不准参加比赛。(=His abuse of drugs b