Lecture 3英汉对比课件提纲

1、Lecture Eight Contrastive Study of Chinese and English Example 1千山鸟飞绝, 万径人踪灭; 孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。Over a thousand mountains the winging birds have disappeared. Throughout ten thousand paths, no trace of humankind.In a solitary boat,Straw hat and cape,An old man fishes alone Cold river in the snow.Example 2知

2、己知彼，百战不殆；不知彼而知己，一胜一负；不知彼不知己，每战必殆。u You can fight a hundred battles without defeat if you know the enemy as well as yourself. You will win one battle and lose another if you know yourself but leave yourself in the dark about the enemy. You will lose every battle if you leave both the enemy and yourse

3、lf in the dark.l From Structure1. 英语有形态变化,汉语没有严格意义的形态变化.English : gender, number, case, tense, voice, mood, degree of comparison, person and parts of speech. 汉语: 数量助词,动态助词,结构助词 比较：我给了他一本书. I gave him a book. 他给了我两本书. He has given me two books.他爸爸常常给他一些书. His father often gives him booksHe is a profe

4、ssional.She is a professional.He is a loose man.She is a loose woman.He served as a call boy when he was 19.She served as a call girl when she was 19.2.英语经常使用定冠词和不定冠词out of question take a chair a hundred and one out of the question take the chair one hundred and oneShe was with a child.She was with

5、 child.They are students of our school.They are the students of our school.I have lived here for more than a year.I have lived here fore more than one year.2.汉语有丰富多彩的助词.吧今天不会下雨吧?你好好想想吧!明天就明天吧.咱们走吧.打吧,打不下去;跑吧,跑不了,敌人只好投降3.英语常用介词,汉语则少用介词.ª What is he at? 他正在干什么?ª John voted with the Tories. J

6、ohn 投票支持保守党.ª He is a man above vulgar interests. 他是一个脱离了低级趣味的人ª It looks as if we are in for a storm. 看来我们免不了要碰上一场暴风雨了.ª If a man couldnt walk into a room and tell who was for him and who was against him, then he wasnt much of a politician. 要是一个人不能一上任就看出谁支持他,谁反对他,那他就不配搞政治l From Inton

7、ation1. 英语是语调语言,语音表意手段主要是语调和重音.You may not go. 你不可以去.You may not go. 你可以不去.You said he would COME.YOU said he would come.You said HE would come.You SAID he would come.You SAID he would COME2. 汉语是声调语言,语音表意手段主要是声调.ª 我的衣服我的姨夫ª 我爱马我挨骂ª 我叫他去。Ill ask him to go.Ill go and call him.ª 我想起

8、来了 Ill get up. Ive thought it out.2. 汉语注重音节均匀，成双成对:对偶,排比,反复,叠音Translate:She had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart of her own. A new kind of aircraft small, cheap, pilotless is attracting increasing attention.重重叠叠山，曲曲弯弯路，叮叮咚咚泉，高高下下树 Escalating mountains, meandering paths, tinklin

9、g springs and interspersing trees.行行过太行, On and on past Taihang we walk迢迢赴延安. By and by to Yanan we make our way细细问故旧, Again and again with old friends we talk星星数鬓斑. One by one we count our hairs grey. In-class exercisesª We will not attack unless we are attacked. 人不犯我，我不犯人；人若犯我，我必犯人。 ª As

10、 you sow, so will you reap. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆ª He is smart as a rule, but this time a fool. 聪明一世，糊涂一时ª Once a certain limit is reached, a change in the opposite direction is inevitable. 物极必反ª Birds of the same feather flock together物以类聚，人以群分ª 远在天边，近在眼前。Right here.ª 一言既出， 驷马难追。What i

11、s said cannot be unsaidª 耳听为虚，眼见为实。Seeing is believingª 差之毫厘，谬之千里。A miss is as good as a mile.ª 佛要金装，人要衣装。Fine feathers make fine birds.l From Meaning1. Chinese grammar is flexible while English grammar is rigid.1) .汉语是意合,以神统形,注重逻辑,隐形连贯.人不犯我,我不犯人。We will not attack unless we are attac

12、ked人到事中迷,就怕没人提. When a man is lost in a labyrinth, what he needs badly is a hint. There is no difference but difference of degrees between different degrees of difference and no difference. 实为五十步笑百步是也.2).英语是形合语言,必须使用关联词,以形式连接词语句去了也白去。Even if you go there it wouldnt do any good.无事不登三宝殿。I wouldnt come

13、 to you if I hadnt something to ask of you. 喝水不忘掘井人When you drink water, think of those who dug the well他一家子在这儿,他的房子、地在这儿，他跑？跑了和尚跑不了庙！. Escape? But his home and property cant escape. The monk may run away, but the temple cant run with him!”2. Chinese language is implicit and concise while English la

14、nguage is explicit and elaborate.长夜横枕意心歪, 斜月三更门半开，短命到今无口信, 肝肠望断没人来。- e. e. cummingsl(a 孑（一 le 口 af 十 fa 票 ll 风 s) 雨 one 令） l 瓜 iness 独，一叶飘零, 孑然一生3. Chinese has an overall perspective while English has an individual viewpoint.英语:重理性、重分析、重个体、严谨汉语:重感性、重悟性、重整体、含蓄 门吱呀一声开了, 进来一个人. The door squeaks open an

15、d in comes a person.人生来平等。All men are created equal.做人难，做女人难，做名女人更难。It is difficult for everyone to live in this world, esp. a famous woman.请你画一个大树，树根、树干、树枝、树丫、树叶都必须画全。Please draw a complete tree, roots and all. (with its roots, trunks, branches, twigs, leaves)when those above behave unworthily, tho

16、se below will do the same. 上梁不正下梁歪。Until all is over, ambition never dies. 不到黄河心不死。无官一身轻One who has no official duties has a light heart.In-class exerciseTranslation skill:1. 英译汉往往要破句重组。2. 英语用指物主语的句子，汉译改用指人主语。3. 汉译要用实词代替英语原句中的虚词（介词等）ª In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes an

17、d colors. 门口放着至少十二把伞，它们颜色各异，大小不一ª Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me?我想问你一个问题，这个问题一直困扰着我，你能回答吗？ª A strange peace came over her when she was alone.当她独自一人的时候，她感到一种莫名的平静。ª Fears began to take entire possession of him.他惊恐万分。ª 一看到那棵树，我便想起了童年的情景。At t

18、he sight the tree, I think of my childhood.ª 1840年至1880这四十年中，近一千万移民移居美国。These forty years from 1840 to 1880 brought nearly 10 million immigrants to America.Pun双关语:The use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more meanings or different associations, or the use of two or more words of the

19、 same or nearly the same sound with different meanings, so as to produce a humorous effect. ª A bicycle can't stand on its own because it is two-tyred. ª His left brain has nothing right and his right brain has nothing left.ª I was arrested at the airport. Just because I was greet

20、ing my cousin Jack! All that I said was "Hi Jack", but very loud. ª On Sunday, they pray for you and on Monday they prey on you. ª An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country. ª We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separate

21、ly. (Benjamin Franklin)ª Try our sweet corn, and youll smile from ear to ear. ª I saw a saw saw a saw. ª Its the buy buy time. ª Trust us. Over 5000 ears of experienceª OIC! ª 春蚕不应老，昼夜常怀丝。 何惜微躯尽，缠绵自有时ª 杨柳青青江水平，闻郎江上唱歌声。东边日出西边雨，道是无晴却有晴。 ª “你是萍, 凭-凭什么打我儿子!” “ you

22、re my - mighty free with your fists! What right have you to hit my son?”ª Why is an island like the letter T?ª Because it is in the middle of water.ª Why are Saturdays and Sundays so strong?ª Because they are not week/weak days.ª Why is a room full of married people like an

23、empty room?ª Because there is not a single person there.ª What is the difference between the law and an iceberg?ª One is justice while the other is just ice.ª Why is death like the letter E?ª Because it is at the end of life.ª Why are soldiers tired on April 1st?ª

24、Because they have just had a long march .ª When is a new hat like an old one? ª When it is worn.ª What starts with T, ends with T and full of T? ª Teapot.ª Why are movie stars so cool ª Because they have so many fans. Anagrams 变位词east seat west stew south shout north th

25、ornª Dormitory -dirty room ª the eyes they seeª Eleven plus two Twelve plus one ª mother-in-law woman HitlerPalindrome回文: a word or phrase that reads the same backward as forward ª a Toyotarace car Put up if I put up!ª Able was I ere I saw Elba.ª Madam in Eden, Im

26、Adam.ª No X in Nixon.ª The jail might have been the infirmaryThe infirmary might have been the jailª Experience without learning is better than learning without experienceª赏花归去马如飞，去马如飞酒力微 ；酒力微醒时已暮, 醒时已暮赏花归.夏：香莲碧水动风凉，夏日长香莲碧水动风凉 ，水动风凉夏日长 ；长日夏凉风动水 ，凉风动水碧莲香 .Anticlimax反高潮，突降法ª T

27、he duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.ª The following was written on the gravestone of an army horse: “Here lies Maggie, the horse who in her time kicked a general, 2 colonels, 4 majors,10 captains, 24 lieutenants, 40 sergeants, 220 privates, and a bomb. Your futur

28、e depends on your dreams. So go to sleep ª the wise never marry, and when they marry they become otherwise.ª Love the neighbor. But dont get caught.ª One should love animals. They are so tasty.ª Behind every successful man, there is a woman. And behind every unsuccessful man, the

29、re are two.ª Success is a relative term. It brings so many relativesª It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of

30、Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way-in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted

31、 on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.ª Charles DickensAlliteration 头韵ª 曲曲折折的荷塘上面,弥望的是田田的叶子.叶子出水很高，像亭亭的舞女的裙. 层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀着些白花，有袅娜地开着，有羞涩的打着朵儿的；正如一粒粒的明珠，又如碧天里的星星，又如刚出浴的美人. 微风过处，送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的.ª Residents Return to Rubble in K

32、ansas. (MSNBC News, April 26, 2001)In-class exercise:1 It was a splendid population - for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.l 这是一些卓越能干的人民-因为所有那些行动迟缓,瞌睡惺忪,呆如树獭的人都留在家乡了. l 这是一些卓越能干的人民-因为所有那些行动迟缓,头脑愚钝,形如树獭的人都呆在了家乡.l 那是一批卓越的人-因为所有那些慢慢吞吞,昏昏沉沉,反应迟钝,形如树獭的人留在了家乡.l (出来的)这帮人个个出类拔萃-因

33、为凡是呆板,呆滞,呆头呆脑,呆如树獭者都呆在家里了.2 Predictably, the winter will be snowy, sleety, and slushy.雪花飘飘，雪雨霏霏，雪路泥泞3 The strength of women comes from the fact that psychology cannot explain us. Men can be analyzed分析, women merely adored.怜惜4 Penny wise but pound foolish 捡了芝麻，丢了西瓜5 Change is part of life and the mak

34、ing of character, hon. When things happen that you dont like, you have two choices: You get bitter or better.痛苦不堪，痛快达观Poem AppreciationSpring- Thomas Nash (1567-1601) Spring, the sweet spring, is the year's pleasant king;Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring,Cold doth not sting, the

35、 pretty birds do sing,Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!The palm and may make country houses gay,Lambs frisk and play, the shepherds pipe all day,And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay,Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet, Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit,In every street these tunes our ears do greet,Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!Spring, the sweet Spring!Translation 1:春，甘美之春，一年之中的尧舜， 处处都有花树，都有女儿环舞， 微寒但觉清和，佳禽争着唱歌， 啁啁，啾啾，哥哥，割麦、插一禾！ 榆柳呀山楂，打扮着田舍人家， 羊羔嬉游，牧笛儿整日价吹奏， 百鸟总