Linux非LVM下文件系统扩容

1、原来 linux 不用 LVM 也能扩展文件系统以前总以为UNIX/LINUX使用了km才能扩展或缩小卷和文件系统， 今天才发现我错了： 即使没有lvm,linux也能扩展卷和及其相应的文件系统而不会丢失原有数据。以下是测试步骤，记录备查。1、系统是redhatlinux6rootlocalhostku#uname-r2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64rootlocalhostku#more/etc/redhat-releaseRedHatEnterpriseLinuxServerrelease6.1(Santiago)rootlocalhostku#2、创建/dev/sdb

2、1及其文件系统，创建文本文件rootlocalhostku#echowelcometoredhatworldrickyrootlocalhostku#morerickywelcometoredhatworld3、目前/dev/sdb1对应的文件系统/ku为1.2Grootlocalhostku#df-hFilesystemSizeUsedAvailUse%Mountedon/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root16G3.7G11G25%/tmpfs613M88K613M1%/dev/shm/dev/sda1485M32M428M7%/boot/dev/sdb11.2G34M1

3、.1G3%/ku4、卸载/kurootlocalhostku#cd/rootlocalhost/#umount/kurootlocalhost/#5、用fdisk命令删除/dev/sdb1分区，然后重新创建/dev/sdb1分区，并指定大小为4Grootlocalhost/#fdisk/dev/sdbWARNING:DOS-compatiblemodeisdeprecated.Itsstronglyrecommendedtoswitchoffthemode(commandc)andchangedisplayunitstosectors(commandu).Command(mforhelp):p

4、Disk/dev/sdb:5368MB,5368709120bytes255heads,63sectors/track,652cylindersUnits=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytesSectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytesI/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512bytesDiskidentifier:0 x54f7c6dfDeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem/dev/sdb11393315674183LinuxCommand(mforhelp

5、):dSelectedpartition1Command(mforhelp):nCommandactioneextendedpprimarypartition(1-4)pPartitionnumber(1-4):1Firstcylinder(1-652,default1):Usingdefaultvalue1Lastcylinder,+cylindersor+sizeK,M,G(1-652,default652):+4GCommand(mforhelp):wThepartitiontablehasbeenaltered!Callingioctl()tore-readpartitiontable

6、.Syncingdisks.rootlocalhost/#6、fdisk-l/dev/sdb输出可以看出，cylinder已经由393扩为523rootlocalhost/#fdisk-l/dev/sdbDisk/dev/sdb:5368MB,5368709120bytes255heads,63sectors/track,652cylindersUnits=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytesSectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytesI/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512byte

7、sDiskidentifier:0 x54f7c6dfDeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem/dev/sdb11523420096683Linux7、先check文件系统rootlocalhost/#e2fsck-f/dev/sdble2fsck1.41.12(17-May-2010)Pass1:Checkinginodes,blocks,andsizesPass2:CheckingdirectorystructurePass3:CheckingdirectoryconnectivityPass4:CheckingreferencecountsPass5:Checki

8、nggroupsummaryinformation/dev/sdb1:12/73760files(0.0%non-contiguous),13234/307200blocks8、将文件系统resize为2Grootlocalhost/#resize2fs/dev/sdb12Gresize2fs1.41.12(17-May-2010)Resizingthefilesystemon/dev/sdb1to524288(4k)blocks.Thefilesystemon/dev/sdb1isnow524288blockslong.rootlocalhost/#mount/dev/sdb1/kuroot

9、localhost/#df-hFilesystemSizeUsedAvailUse%Mountedon/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root16G3.7G11G25%/tmpfs613M88K613M1%/dev/shm/dev/sda1485M32M428M7%/boot/dev/sdb12.0G34M1.9G2%/kurootlocalhost/#9、检查扩容前的文件是否正确无损rootlocalhost/#cd/kurootlocalhostku#morerickywelcometoredhatworldrootlocalhostku#10、当然也可以在线扩展文件系统r

10、ootlocalhostku#resize2fs/dev/sdb12500Mresize2fs1.41.12(17-May-2010)Filesystemat/dev/sdb1ismountedon/ku;on-lineresizingrequiredolddesc_blocks=1,new_desc_blocks=1Performinganon-lineresizeof/dev/sdb1to640000(4k)blocks.Thefilesystemon/dev/sdb1isnow640000blockslong.rootlocalhostku#df-hFilesystemSizeUsedA

11、vailUse%Mountedon/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root16G3.7G11G25%/tmpfs613M88K613M1%/dev/shm/dev/sda1485M32M428M7%/boot/dev/sdb12.5G34M2.3G2%/kurootlocalhostku#11、但是不可以在线缩小；要缩小文件系统必须先卸载文件系统rootlocalhostku#resize2fs/dev/sdb11Gresize2fs1.41.12(17-May-2010)Filesystemat/dev/sdb1ismountedon/ku;on-lineresizingre

12、quiredOn-lineshrinkingfrom640000to262144notsupported.rootlocalhostku#cd/rootlocalhost/#umount/kurootlocalhost/#resize2fs/dev/sdb11Gresize2fs1.41.12(17-May-2010)Pleaserune2fsck-f/dev/sdb1first.rootlocalhost/#e2fsck-f/dev/sdb1e2fsck1.41.12(17-May-2010)Pass1:Checkinginodes,blocks,andsizesPass2:Checking

13、directorystructurePass3:CheckingdirectoryconnectivityPass4:CheckingreferencecountsPass5:Checkinggroupsummaryinformation/dev/sdb1:12/147520files(0.0%non-contiguous),17864/640000blocksrootlocalhost/#resize2fs/dev/sdb11Gresize2fs1.41.12(17-May-2010)Resizingthefilesystemon/dev/sdb1to262144(4k)blocks.The

14、filesystemon/dev/sdb1isnow262144blockslong.rootlocalhost/#mount/dev/sdb1/kurootlocalhost/#df-hFilesystemSizeUsedAvailUse%Mountedon/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root16G3.7G11G25%/613M88K613M1%/dev/shmtmpfs/dev/sdb11010M34M939M4%/ku12、当然，你不能将文件系统扩展为比它的逻辑卷大rootlocalhost/#resize2fs/dev/sdb15Gresize2fs1.41.12(

15、17-May-2010)Thecontainingpartition(ordevice)isonly1050241(4k)blocks.Yourequestedanewsizeof1310720blocks.LVM是LogicalVolumeManager(逻辑卷管理器)的简写，它为主机提供了更高层次的磁盘存储管理能力。LVM可以帮助系统管理员为应用与用户方便地分配存储空间。在LVM管理下的逻辑卷可以按需改变大小或添加移除。另外，LVM可以为所管理的逻辑卷提供定制的命名标识。因此，使用LVM主要是方便了对存储系统的管理，增加了系统的扩展性。一、准备lvm环境1 .硬盘的准备添加了一块硬盘/de

16、v/hdb。准备了三个分区，方案如下：容量为100M,仅为了实验准备。/dev/hdb1/dev/hdb2/dev/hdb32.转换分区类型为lvm卷fdisk/dev/hdbt转换为lvm卷类型DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem/dev/hdb1120898248+8eLinuxLVM/dev/hdb2209416982808eLinuxLVM/dev/hdb3417624982808eLinuxLVM然后w保存并且#partprobe/*使用磁盘分区生效*/二、lvm创建过程1.从硬盘驱动器分区中创建物理卷(physicalvolumes-PV)。2.从物理卷

17、中创建卷组(volumegroups-VG)3.从卷组中创建逻辑卷(logicalvolumes-LV),并分派逻辑卷挂载点，其中只有逻辑卷才可以写数据。lvm的最大的特点就是可以动态的调整分区的大小，并且可以随着分区容量的增长而增加磁盘空间的容量。/dev/sdal485M32M428M7%/bootLVM配置与创建三、LVM的物理卷PV1 .相关命令pvcreate创建PVpvscan扫描PVpvdisplay显示PVpvremove删除PVpartprobe2.创建物理卷如果以上容量不够，可以再添加其它分区到物理卷中。rootredhat#pvcreate/dev/hdb1/dev/hd

18、b2Physicalvolume/dev/hdb1successfullycreatedPhysicalvolume/dev/hdb2successfullycreatedrootredhat#pvscanPV/dev/hdb1lvm295.95MBPV/dev/hdb2lvm295.98MBTotal:2191.92MB/inuse:00/innoVG:2191.92MBrootredhat#pvdisplay一NEWPhysicalvolumePVName/dev/hdb1VGNamePVSize95.95MBAllocatableNOPESize(KByte)0TotalPE0FreeP

19、E0AllocatedPE0PVUUID2Ni0Tx-oeSy-zGUP-t7KG-Fh22-0BUi-iyPhhQ一NEWPhysicalvolume一PVName/dev/hdb2VGNamePVSize95.98MBAllocatableNOPESize(KByte)0TotalPE0FreePE0AllocatedPE02XLXfY-V3L2-Mtsl-79U4-ovuJ-YaQf-YV9qHs四、创建LVM的卷组VGvgcreate创建VGvgscan扫描VGvgdispalyvgextendvgreducevgchangevgremove2.创建逻辑卷VGrootredhat#vg

20、createvg0/dev/hdb1/dev/hdb2Volumegroupvg0successfullycreatedrootredhat#vgscanFoundvolumegroupvg0usingmetadatatypelvm2rootredhat#vgdisplay-Volumegroup一VGNamevg0SystemIDFormatlvm2MetadataAreas2MetadataSequenceNo1VGAccessread/writeVGStatusresizableMAXLV0CurLV0OpenLV0MaxPV0CurPV2ActPV2VGSize184.00MBPESi

21、ze4.00MB/*分配的块的大小默认为TotalPE46AllocPE/Size0/0FreePE/Size46/184.00MBReadingallphysicalvolumes.Thismaytakeawhile4M*/PVUUIDVGUUIDkL5CGk-5Odk-r3PK-9q0A-s94h-OHv4-BojBnH1TB的方法：vgcreate-s16Mvg0/dev/hdb1/dev/hdb23.删除与添加逻辑卷rootredhat#vgreducevg0/dev/hdb2Removed/dev/hdb2fromvolumegroupvg0rootredhat#vgextendvg

22、0/dev/hdb2Volumegroupvg0successfullyextended五、创建LVM的逻辑卷LV1 .相关命令lvcreatelvscanlvdisplaylvextendlvreducelvremovelvresize2.创建逻辑卷LVrootredhat#lvcreate-L184M-ndatavg0Logicalvolumedatacreatedrootredhat#lvscanACTIVE，/dev/vg0/data?184.00MBinheritrootredhat#lvdisplay增加VG容量到LogicalvolumeLVName/dev/vg0/dataVG

23、Namevg0LVUUIDHNKO5d-yRre-qVnP-ZT8D-fXir-XTeM-r6WjDXLVWriteAccessread/writeLVStatusavailable#open0LVSize184.00MBCurrentLE46Segments2AllocationinheritReadaheadsectors0Blockdevice253:0六、挂载LVM的逻辑卷LVlv的格式化：mkfs.ext3/dev/vg0/datamdkir/mnt/lvmmount/dev/vg0/data/mnt/lvmrootredhat#ls/mnt/lvmlost+foundrootred

24、hat#df-T文件系统类型1K-块已用可用已用挂载点lvm295.98MBTotal:3279.98MB/inuse:2184.00MB/innoVG:195.98MB3.添加VG的容量把上面新添加的LVM磁盘加入到vg0卷组中。rootredhat#vgextendvg0/dev/hdb3Volumegroupvg0successfullyextendedrootredhat#vgdisplay-Volumegroup一VGNamevg0/dev/hda3/dev/hda1tmpfstmpfsext37625092ext31010861501082219460501204031%/1000

25、68586111%/boot1501080%/dev/shm/dev/mapper/vg0-dataext3182469七、LVM的容量调整56641673854%/mnt/lvmLVM的容量调整可以在多个环节进行调整，比如：可以在物理卷上，VG都可以进行容量的扩展，这也是LVM它的一个优势所在。1.添加物理卷首先应卸载在使用过程中的LV,然后必须保证该磁盘的类型是lvm类型,上，以及LV上,才能添加进来。rootredhat#umount/dev/vg0/datarootredhat#pvcreate/dev/hdb3Physicalvolume“/dev/hdb3successfullyc

26、reatedrootredhat#pvscanPV/dev/hdb1VGvg0lvm292.00MB/0freePV/dev/hdb2VGvg0lvm292.00MB/0freePV/dev/hdb3SystemIDFormatlvm2MetadataAreas3MetadataSequenceNo5VGAccessread/writeVGStatusresizableMAXLV0CurLV1OpenLV0MaxPV0CurPV3ActPV3VGSize276.00MBPESize4.00MBTotalPE69AllocPE/Size46/184.00MBFreePE/Size23/92.00

27、MBVGUUIDkL5CGk-5Odk-r3PK-9q0A-s94h-OHv4-BojBnH3.添加入LV中VG增珈的容量把新加入LVM磁盘的容量加入LV中。rootredhat#Ivextend-L+92M/dev/vg0/dataExtendinglogicalvolumedatato276.00MBLogicalvolumedatasuccessfullyresizedrootredhat#lvscanACTIVE，/dev/vg0/data?276.00MBinheritrootredhat#resize2fs-f/dev/vg0/dataresize2fs1.39(29-May-20

28、06)Resizingthefilesystemon/dev/vg0/datato282624(1k)blocks.Thefilesystemon/dev/vg0/dataisnow282624blockslong.如果不做这一步的话，在实现挂载的时候，发现LV的容量没有真正的加入进为相关信息写入到了磁盘超级块中。4.挂载使用rootredhat#mount/dev/vg0/data/mnt/lvmrootredhat#df文件系统1K-块已用可用已用挂载点/dev/hda376250922219468501203231%/dev/hda1101086100068586111%/bootLV卷中，因tmpfs15010801501080%/dev/shm/dev/mapper/vg0-data27356961682560973%/mnt/lvmLVM的卸载八、LVM的卸载方法如果不想使用LVM的话，可以卸载它，卸载的方法与分区的删除方法类似，就是最后创建的最先删除。顺序如下：先删除L