中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解(3)

1、中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解1 .can 和 could2 .may 和 might3 .need, must 和 have to情态动词 4. should和ought to5. shall, will 和 would6. had better1 .can 和 couldcan表示能力，意为 能够，可以，could用于过去时，例如He can finish his homework al one.他可以单独完成作业的。He couldn t cook when he was 18 years 湖.18 岁时还不会做饭。can表示推测，意为

2、可能”，在否定句中表示否定的猜测，意为不可能，could用于对过去的猜测，can t be可能例如：He could be cooking at this time yesterday. 他昨天这个时候有可能正在做饭。He can t be here cause he has gone to American.他不可能会在这里，因为他已经去美 国了。can表示请求语气，could的语气更委婉，例如：Can I help you? / Coul d I help you?有什么我可以为您效吗？拓展：be able to=can也为 能够”，用来表示能力（有人称和时态的变化）例如：He is ab

3、le to deal with this problem.他能解决这个问题的。2 .may 和 mightmay表示请求，might语气更委婉，例如：May I help you?Might I sit here?may表示肯定的推测，语气比 can更弱，might对过去的推测 例如： Mary may be doing her homework now.May can be doing her homework now. can 表达的推测语气比 may更强，更有把握。3 . must 和 have to must表示命令、责任 ，意为定，必须，must not/ mustn 表禁止，工定不

4、要”，例如： Children must stay away from strangers. 孩子定要远离陌生人。You mustn t play fire because it千为dangerous.因为太危险了。拓展：在表示禁止时，会用“No Doing来表示，如 No Smoking. / No Walking.等。must表示推测，语气比 can更强.例如： Mr. Liu must be on holiday now because he is wearing pants.刘老师现在肯定在度假因为他正穿着平底裤呢！(上课是要穿正装的)Must作一般疑问句开头提问时：肯定用must回答

5、，否定用needn 或don t haveto回答。例如： Must I finish my homework now?Yes, you must. / No, you needn t. must和have to的区别：a) must没有人称、时态的变化，而 have to根据人称、时态的变化，有不同的形 式。b) Must表示主观上必须做，而 have to表示客观需要。例如 : I must go now. 我必须走了。(我想走了)I have to go now. 我不得不走了。(因为太晚了等原因，不得不走) Need的用法：Need 既可以作 “情态动词” ，又可以作“实义动词 ” 。

6、 Need 作 “情态动词 ”的用法： 肯定： need 否定： needn t.a) need 作 “情态动词 ” 时，多用于否定句和疑问句中，一般不用于肯定句。例如 : You needn t worry about us.Need I water these fl owers now?b) 作一般疑问句开头提问时： 肯定用 must 回答，否定用 needn t 回答。例如 : Need I clean the room?Yes, you must. / No, you needn t. Need 作 “实义动词 ” 的用法：a)Need 作 “实义动词”时，可接名词或动词不定式。肯定：

7、 need+名词 need+to do 否定： don t need tood例如 : I need some water, I am very thirsty.肯定： I need to study hard.否定： You don t need to clean this room.c) 疑问句式：要借助助动词do /does.例如 : Does she need to do her homework now?Do you need to water the tree?3.should, ought to should 表示义务，意为 “应该 ”。否定： shouldn 表示 t “不应该

8、 ”。 ought to 表示义务，意为 “应该 ”，语气更强。否定： ought not to 表示 “不应该 ”.例如： We should protect our environment. 我们应该保护我们的环境。We ought to protect our environment. 我们应该保护我们的环境。4.shall, will 和 woul d shall 表请求、建议，例如： Shall we go shopping together? will 表请求、意愿， woul d 表对过去的意愿或者比will 语气更委婉的请求例如： I will not make this mi

9、stake again. 我不会再犯这样的错误了。Will you open the d oor? 你可以打开下窗户吗？Would you like a hamburger? 需要来一份汉堡吗？5.had better 表 “最好 ”，例如： You had better take a taxi or you will be late.汪思： 情态动词没有单复数形式变化，除了 have to例如： They have to face their problems. 情态动词变为否定句直接在其后加not ，回答时用相应的情态动词帮助回答例如：Can I help you?Yes, of cour

10、se. / I can. No, I can注意要用缩写形式回答，但may和might除外）I can t / cannot/ can not help you.但是must的一般疑问句的否定回答例外，例如：Must I finish my homework?Yes, you must. No, you needn t./ don t have tohave to的否定形式用 do/d oes/did 来完成。例如： We don t have to go there.The boy didn t have to go to school because there were no peept

11、here yesterday.need作为实义动词，其否定形式和疑问句要用助动词do、does或did来帮助提问，例如：I don t need to get up arly.Parents need love their children more.had better否定形式在better后加not, had通常可以和主语缩写。例如： Youd better not make a mistake again.I单项选择。1.Students wear uniforms at school.A.must B. can C. may D. need2 .We talk or speak oud

12、ly in public places like hospitals, libraries or cinemas?A.needn t B. mustn t C. may not D. don t3 .you tell me how to improve my memory?A.Do B. Can C. Must D. Should4 .I neither read nor write at that time.A.can B. may C. must D. could5 .The conductor（ 售票员） said I get off at the next stop.A.must B.

13、 had to C. have to D. would have to6 .Whose T - shirt is this?It be John s. It small for him.A. cant; much too B, cant; too much C. mustnt; much too D. mustnt; too much.7. - May I go out now, Dad?-No. You let your mother know first.A. can B. may C. need D. must8.we clean the classroom at once? No, y

14、ou. You clean it after school.A. Must; needn nt;ay B. Must; mustn can.C. Shall; can m；ust D. Need; mustn m；ay9.-Do you think his storytrue? -I don think so. But it sounds good.A. must be B. may be C. can be D. has to be10.1. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You cut your finger.A. needB. mustC. sho

15、uldD. may第一章连系动词一、定义连系动词也称系动词，它虽有词义，但不完整，所以不能单独作谓语，必须跟表语一起构 成合成谓语，例如：We are in Grad e six this year.二、分类连系动词可具体分为三类：1、表示“是”的动词 be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式，is,am, are , was, were , have/has been 等要特另1J予以注意。例如:He is a teacher. He was a soldier two years ago.2、表示“感觉”的词，即感官动词，如look（看起来）,feel（觉得，摸起来）,sme

16、ll（闻起来），sound（听起来），taste（尝起来）等感官动词后面加形容词。3、表示变、变成的意思的词，如 come, become, get, grow, turn, go都解释为 “变”、“变得”例如： She becomes a college student. His face turns white. The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.三、难点解释注意区别以下一些动词的用法，它们既可以作为行为动词，又可以作为连系动词。1、look看；看起来He is looking at the

17、picture.（他正在看这图片。）行为动词It looks beautiful.（它看上去很美丽。）连系动词2、feel摸；感觉I feel someone touch my arm.（我感到有人碰我的手臂。）行为动词I am not feeling well.（我今天感觉不太好。）连系动词3、smell嗅；闻起来 My little brother likes to smell the appl e before he eats it.（我弟弟喜欢在吃苹果前闻一闻。）行为动词 Great! The fl owers smell nice.（这些花闻起来多香啊！）连系动词4、sound弄响，

18、发音；听起来 The letter h in hour is not sounded. The song sounds very sweet.5、taste品尝；尝起来 Please taste the soup.（请尝一 口汤。）行为动词 The soup tastes terrible.（这汤尝起来味道太差了。）连系动词6、get得到，获得；变 There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one.（桌上有些香蕉，你们每个人可以拿一个。）行为动词 The days are getting hot summer. 连系动词（

19、夏天开始变热了。）7、grow生长，种植；变 Do you grow rice in your country?（你们的国家种水稻吗？）行为动词 Its too late. Its growing dark.（太迟了，天渐渐变暗了。）连系动词8、turn转动，使变得；变 The earth turns around the sun.( 地球绕着太阳转。 )行为动词 When spring comes, the trees turn green and the fl owers come out.( 春天来了，树叶变绿了，花儿开了。 ) 连系动词第二章 助动词一、定义协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组

20、的词叫助动词。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如: He doesn t like English. 他不喜欢英语。二、最常用的助动词有:be ， have ， do ， shall ， will ， should ， would1.助动词 be 的用法(1) be + 现在分词，构成进行时态例如：They are having a meeting.(2) be + 过去分词，构成被动语态例如： The wind ow is broken by Tom. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。2. 助动词 have 的用法(1) have + 过去分词，构成完成时态例如： He has left for Lo

21、ndon.他已去了伦敦。 By the end of last month ， they had finished half of their work.(2) have + been + 现在分词，构成完成进行时例如： I have been studying English for ten years.3. 助动词 do 的用法(1) 构成一般疑问句例如： Do you want to pass the exam ?你想通过测试吗? Did you study English ？你们学过英语吗？(2) d o + not 构成否定句例如： I do not want to be criti

22、cized. He doesn t like to study.(3) 构成否定祈使句例如： Dont go there. Don t be so absent-mind ed.(4)放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气例如： Do come to my birthday party.4 .助动词shall和will的用法例如： I shall study hard er at English. He will go to Shanghai.5 .助动词should , would的用法例如： I telephones him to ask what I should do next week.

23、He said he would come.强化练习I单项选择。1. My brother a teacher. He his students very much.A .is, likeB. is, likesC. are, likesD. are, like2. I tired today.A. becomeB. feelC. lookD. are3. You pale(苍白的).Whats wrong with you?A. turnB. seemC. lookD. becomeII用适当的助动词填空。1. you like this magazine?2. The girl like

24、bread for breakfast.3. What she do at the weekends? -She usually plays games with her friends.4. They not like playing volleyball.5. Does Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday? -Yes, he6. Helen with Yang Ling go to school by bike every day?7. How many kites we have? -We have ten.二、英语书面表达专

25、项训练2.假如你是阳光中学的李华，你校成功举办了中华诗词朗诵比赛”，请用英语写一篇短文，介绍活动情况并呼吁更多的人参与这样的活动。内容要点如下：时间地点5月23号下午；学校礼堂。活动介绍每学期举办一次。今年又大获成功。同学们的精彩表现得到了大家的高度评价。八年级的士丽获一等奖。她极具朗诵天赋。每位获胜者赢得一张免费书展的票。呼吁参与的理由(自拟1至IJ 2点)注意事项：(1)须包括所给内容要点，要求语句通顺、行文连贯作、适当发挥；(2)词数在80个左右，文稿的开头已给出，不计入总词数；参考词汇：中华诗词朗诵比赛Chinese Poetry Reciting Competition;表现perf

26、ormance;高度评价 think highly of ;朗诵 recite;天赋 gift;免费的 freeIm Li Hua from Sunshine Middle School. Our school.【答案】Im Li Hua from Sunshine Middle School. Our school held a Chinese Poetry Reciting Competition on the afternoon of May 23rd. It was held in the school hall. The competition is held every tram.

27、 This year it was a big success again. All the teachers and students thought highly of the students wonderful performances. Wang Li from Grade 8 won the first prize. She has a real gift for reciting .Each winner won a free ticket for the book show.I hope more people will take part in this activity a

28、nd enjoy the beautiful Chinese culture 【解析】【详解】本题是一篇给材料作文，介绍中华诗词朗诵比赛”活动情况并呼吁更多的人参与这样的活动。短文用第一人称和第三人称，还会用到被动语态的句子。写作思路：考生需要首先审 清主题，围绕主题展开作文，其次考生可根据表格中的要点提示去写作。文章必须包括要 点中所给的信息，但不要逐句翻译，并补充两条个人的观点。在写作过程中，要注意句与 句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词， 使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅；最后，要仔细检查有无单词拼写错误、标点符号误用等，还 要检查语法结构是否合理，有无

29、重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，词数是否符合要求3.近年来，各大城市雾霾(haze)情况越来越严重，整个国家的空气污染状况令人担忧。请分析空气污染的现象，原因，应对措施，写一份英文的倡议书，呼吁大家保护环境，减 少对空气的污染。要点提示：(1)我国空气污染的现象。(至少写2点)(2)空气污染产生的原因。(至少写 2点)(3)减少空气污染的措施。(至少写2点)要求：(1) 80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。(2)文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称。Dear students ,As we all know , hazy days have been influencing our li

30、ves a lot in recent years . That warns us of the seriousairpollution【答案】 Dear students,As we all know, hazy days have been influencing our lives a lot in recent years. That warns us of the serious air pollution. Big factories, power plants and cars all can cause air pollution. For example, chemicals

31、 in the smoke from power stations cause a lot of damage. Besides, the peoples activities are also the sources of air pollution such as throwing the rubbish and smoking. Whats more, the more trees are cut down, the less polluted air can absorb. Air pollution is becoming more and more serious, so we s

32、hould take some measures such as planting more trees and stop factories from sending out waste air, whats more, we had better walk or take a bus. Protecting the environment is our duty. Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.【解析】 【详解】 这是一篇材料作文，根据材料中的相关信息介绍一下整个国家的空气污染状况。所提供的 材料中列举了近年来，各大城市雾霾

33、（ haze）情况越来越严重，主要从空气污染的现象， 原因，应对措施三个方面去介绍。时态为一般现在时。注意作文中必须包含材料上的所有信息，并适当发挥。写作时，避免使用汉语式的英语，尽量使用我们熟悉的句子或短语。语法要正确，表达要符合英语习惯，注意时态、时间状语的搭配及主谓一致问题。写作中 适当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系，表达具有条理性。【高分句型一】We had better walk or take a bus. 我们最好步行或乘公共汽车。这里had better 表示最好，后面跟动词原形，take a bus表示乘公共汽车。【高分句型二】Protecting the env

34、ironment is our duty. 保护环境是我们的职责。这里Protecting theenvironment 做主语，用的是动词的 ing 形式。4 从下面两个题目中任选一题 ，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50 词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。题目 假如你是李华，本周六龙湖公园将举办端午节游园活动。你打算邀请你们班交换生Peter和你一起参加，请用英语写一封电子邮件，告诉他你们见面的时间、地点，在那儿可以做些什么以及他需要做什么准备。提示词语：meet, take part in, the dragon boat ra

35、ce, make Zongzi, camera提示问题 :When and where are you going to meet?What can you do there?What do you advise Peter to prepare?Dear Peter, How is it going?This Saturday is the Dragon Boat Festival. There will be a lot of interesting activities in Longhu Park. I m writing to invite you to go there with

36、me.I m looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua题目 “我们都在努力奔跑, 我们都是追梦人。 ”有梦想就有目标 , 有希冀才会奋斗。某英文网站正在开展以“We Are All Dreamers为主题的征文活动，假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿。谈谈你的梦想是什么？你为什么会有这样的梦想？为了实现你的梦想, 你打算怎么做？提示词语： want to be, like, study hard, come true.提示问题： Whats your dream and why? What will you do to make you

37、r dream come true?【答案】例文： Dear peter,How is it going?This Saturday is the Dragon Boat Festival. There will be a lot of interesting activities inLonghu Park.I m writing to invite you to go there with me. We are going to meet at the south gate of LonghuPark at 9 o clock. We can watch the dragon boat r

38、ace. It s very exciting. After that, we will learnhow to make Zongzi. I think you will be interested in it. By the way, you can take a camera or your smart phone if you want to take some photos.I m looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】这是一篇给材料作文，给Peter 写一封信，邀请他参加端午节游园活动，告诉我们见面的时间、地

39、点以及要做的活动。【详解】结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时和一般将来时，人称为第一、三人称，注意主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构和动宾结构，注意一些常见句式的应用，比如：This Saturday is , There will be , -We are going to，We can watch 等句式的应用。写作中注意运用代词，注意多种句式交替运用。写作中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。【点睛】本文结构紧凑，语言简练。开头表示我邀请你参加端午节游园活动，接下来介绍我们见面的时间和地点以及可以做的事，最后期望收到你的回复。此处invite sb to do sth, learn to

40、 dosth, be interested in, by the way, look forward to 等这些词组的运用也让文章增色不少。5 书面表达86.某英文报社正就青少年与父母关系这一话题开展题为 “How to keep a good relationship with parents ”的征文活动。请你根据以下要点提示，写一篇英语短文参加此次活动。 （ 1 ）父母规矩太多，不允许晚上出去，过于强调学习成绩，不理解自己。 （ 2 ）你应该理解父母，他们是爱孩子的，希望孩子前程似锦。 （ 3 ）你与父母保持良好关系的做法：努力学习，听父母话。（4）（至少一条）。 要求：（ 1 ）要点

41、齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。 （ 2 ）文中不得出现真实的姓名与校名。（3）词数：80100个。（ 4 ）短文的开头己给出，不计入总词数。How to keep a good relationship with parents In my opinion, I have too many rules at home. My parents never allow me.【答案】 How to keep a good relationship with parentsIn my opinion, I have too many rules at home. My parents never al

42、low me to go out with my friends at night. They don t allow me to choose my own clothes, either. And they pay too muchattention to my exam results. I think my parents don t quite understand me.However, I try my best to understand them. Although they don t allow me to make my own decisions and give m

43、e too much pressure, I know that it is because they really love me and want me to have a bright future.In order to keep a good relationship with my parents, I study hard, listen to them, talk to them as friends, tell them my troubles, and help them do more housework. 【解析】 【详解】 某英文报社正就青少年与父母关系这一话题开展题

44、为 “How to keep a good relationship with parents 的征文活动。请你根据以下要点提示，写一篇英语短文参加此次活动。注意文中” 用第一人称书写；2.时态以一般现在时为主；3.体裁为说明文，可稍加评论；4.合理想象，发表你对压力的看法； 5.语句通顺。意思连贯； 【点睛】 本文语句通顺，段落分明。文中用到了一些好的句型： However, I try my best to understand them. Although they don t allow me to make my own decisions and give me too much

45、pressure, 这里给文章增色不少。6 书面表达假如你是李明，你的美国笔友Alex 来信说他要来中国做交换生。请根据以下信息给Alex 写一封回信，介绍一下你的近况，并给他一些在中国如何与同学融洽相处的建议。写作要点：1. 欢迎他来中国。2. 介绍你的近况：（ 1 ）大多数时间忙于复习备考。（ 2 ）有时在户外做运动。（ 3 ）很少有时间外出娱乐。3. 给他一些在中国如何与同学融洽相处的建议。写作要求：1 、不得使用真实的姓名和学校名。2、可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。3、字迹工整、语言精练、表达准确、条理清晰。4 、至少 80 词。Dear Alex，How are you do

46、ing ?Best wishes!Yours,Li Ming【答案】Dear Alex，How are you doing? You said that you would come to China as an exchange student in your last letter. Welcome to China. You want to know about me. Let me tell you. I have been spending most of my time reviewing for exams these days. Sometimes I do sports ou

47、tdoors. But I seldom have time to go out for fun.You said you will worry about how to get along with students when you are in China. In fact, you don t have to be worried about it. Chinese people are friendly. You should take an active part in all kinds of activities in school. If your friends have

48、some questions, you should help them. Theyll thank you for your help. You can bring some small gifts to your classmates when you are invited to their homes. I hope you can get on well with your classmates.Best wishes!Yours,Li Ming 【解析】【详解】这是一篇书信作文，假如你是李明，你的美国笔友Alex 来信说他要来中国做交换生。请根据以下信息给Alex 写一封回信，介绍

49、一下你的近况，并给他一些在中国如何与同学融洽相处的建议。注意书信的格式。本文人称主要是第一和第二人称，时态主要是一般现在时。认为阅读材料，认真审题，确定主题，认真阅读所给提示，所给提示就是本文的提纲要点，根据要点适当发挥，列出提纲。短文必须包含提示内容，条理清楚，至少80 词。要运用合适的连接词或过渡词，使文章具有连贯性。写完以后，注意再读一遍，看看有无单词拼写、标点、语法错误（时态、主谓一致等）。本文提纲：亲爱的亚历克斯，你好吗？你在上一封信中说你将作为交换生来中国。欢迎来到中国。你想了解我最近忙些 什么。让我告诉你。这几天我大部分时间都在复习考试。有时我在户外运动。但我很少有 时间出去玩。

50、你说你在中国时会担心如何与学生相处。事实上，你不必担心。中国人很友好。你应该积 极参加学校的各种活动。如果你的朋友有问题，你应该帮助他们。他们会感谢你的帮助。 当你被邀请去他们家时，你可以给你的同学带一些小礼物。我希望你能和同学们相处得很 好。最美好的祝福！你的，李明【点睛】书面表达要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意 思的能力。考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高 级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。语言要规范，时态运用要正确，叙述清 楚条里，学习中注意总结，牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章的 表达

51、更有逻辑性，更富有条理。注意书写的规范：大小写、标点符号等的正确运用。注意 检查：单词拼写、语法、动词时态、语序、主谓一致等。写作六步法：1.审题：文体，时态，人称。2.抓住要点：要点是否齐全，适当补充。3.扩充句子：通过增加状语，定语，连词，使句子意思饱满充实。4.连句成文，合理使用连词。5.改正错误：拼写是否错误，语法时态是否正确，连词是否恰当等。6.誉写作文：注意书写工整美观整洁。7.请你根据下表中所提供的信息以Learn to express thanks为题，用英语写一篇演讲稿。背景1 .认为上中学时吃好穿好是应该的；2 .走向社会后没有感恩意识。学会感恩1 .感谢社会提供良好的教育

52、机会；2 .感谢父母供养自己上学；3 .感谢老师传授知识；4 .感谢朋友的支持与鼓励。参考词7匚： enter society 进入社会，sense of thanks感恩意识，behavior行为要求：1.短文应包括所提供的所有内容，可以适当发挥，不要简单翻译；2 .演讲稿中不得出现真实的人名、地名及能够透露你个人身份的信息；3 .词数：80词左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Good morning, boys and girls!The topic of my speech today is“ Learn to expressthanksIn the future, we shoul

53、d never forget our society, parents, teachers and so on. At present, we should study harder in order to make our world more beautiful.Thank you for your listening!【答案】书面表达参考范文（一）：Good morning, boys and girls!The topic of my speech today is“ Learn to express thanks ” . We find some students want to e

54、atwell and wear fashionable clothes at school. When they leave school and enter society, they don t show any sense of thanks.I think this behavior is not correct. As students, we should learn to express thanks. The society offers us a chance to receive good education. And our parents also support us

55、 to go to school.Our teachers teach us much knowledge, so we should thank them. We should also thank our friends because they give us courage and support.In the future, we should never forget our society, parents, teachers and so on. At present, weshould study harder in order to make our world more

56、beautiful.Thank you for your listening!书面表达参考范文（二）：Learn to express thanksGood morning, boys and girls!The topic of my speech today is“ Learn to express thankmsost Mid”dle. SWcehofionldstudentsdon t show any sense of “ Thanks ” . They think that they are certain of eating well and wearing fashionable clothes.As Middle School students, we should learn to express thanks. We should thank our parents for supporting us to