牛津上海版高一上英语-U3词汇句型精讲－教案

1、.李洁意牛津高一上U3词汇句型精讲阅读拓展精讲U3重点词汇精讲1. twist v 旋转，盘绕词组：to twist the handle 转动把手 twist ones ankle 扭伤了脚踝例句：Twist the handle to open the door. 转动把手来开门。 He fell and twisted his right ankle. 他摔了下来，扭伤了他的右脚踝。2. construction n 建筑词组：be under construction 建造中例句：Many underground lines are under construction in Shan

2、ghai. 在上海有很多地铁线路还在建造中【拓展】(1) construct v 建造例句：We will construct a language lab to improve the students oral English. 我们将建造一个语音室来进步学生的英语口语。(2) constructive adj 建立性的例句：I have some constructive ideas for keeping you healthy. 我有一些让你保持安康的建立性的想法。3. base n 根底，底部词组：lay the base for 为打下根底例句：His efforts laid

3、the base for his success. 他的努力为他的成功打下了根底。v 以为根底词组：base on 基于，以为根据例句：The film is based on a true story. 这部电影是以真实故事为根据的。【拓展】(1) basic adj 根本的例句：This is a basic principle. 这是一个根本的原理。4. distance n 间隔 词组：from a distance 从远处 in the distance 在远处 at a distance 隔开一些，稍远一些例句：It looks beautiful from a distance.

4、 它从远处看很美。 My home town is in the distance. 我的故土在很远的地方。 The oil painting looks much better at the distance. 这副油画远看更好看一些。【拓展】(1) distant adj 远的词组：be distant with sb 对很疏远 be distant from 间隔 很远例句：She is always distant with strangers. 她对陌生人总是很疏远。 The highway is 8 miles distant from our house. 公路间隔 我家有8英里

5、远。5. include v 包含，包括，表示包含之物的一部分例句：The trip includes a lunch at a famous restaurant. 这次旅行包括了一次在著名餐厅的午餐。 There are 6 people, including 3 women.放在宾语之前 这里有六个人，其中包括三个女人。 The price for the book is 15 dollars, taxes included.放在被修饰的名词或代词后 这本书的价格是15美元，含税。【拓展】 (1) contain v 包含，表示包含之物的全部例句：The water in the lak

6、e contains salt. 这个湖里的水有盐。 The bowl contained a variety of fruits. 这个碗里有各种水果。6. historical adj 历史的词组：historical research 历史研究 historical figure/people 历史人物 【拓展】(1) historic adj 历史上有重大意义的词组：historic meeting 历史性会见 historic voyage 历史性的航行7. civilization n 文明例句：The Chinese civilization is one of the olde

7、st in the world. 中国文明是世界上最古老的文明之一。【拓展】(1) civilize v 使文明，使开化例句：The purpose of this facility is to civilize people. 这个设备的目的是教化民众。(2) civil adj 国内的，民事的词组：civil rights 公民的权利 a civil war 内战(3) civilian n 公民例句：Many innocent civilians were killed during the war. 许多无辜的老百姓在战争中丧生。adj 百姓的，平民的例句：It was difficu

8、lt to return to civilian life after ten years in the military. 在军队里呆了十年之后回到平民生活很难。8. preserve v 保护，保存词组：preservefrom 保护免于 preserve order 维持秩序例句：稀有动物应该被保护免于灭绝。 Rare animals should be preserved from extinction. 警察在街上维持秩序 Policemen preserve order in the streets.【拓展】(1) preserved adj 保藏的，腌制的词组：preserved

9、 eggs 皮蛋 preserved fruit 果脯(2) preservation n 保护词组：the preservation of natural resources 自然资源的保护9. admit v 成认，使进入词组：admit doing sth 成认做某事 be admitted into/to school 被录取进入学校例句：She admitted stealing the bicycle. 她成认偷了自行车 He has been admitted into Fudan University. 他已经被复旦大学录取了。10. attract v 吸引，引起词组：att

10、ract sbs attention/interest 吸引某人的注意/兴趣 be attracted by sth 被某物吸引例句：The plane attracts his attention to the sky. 飞机把他的注意力吸引到了天空。 He is attracted by the plane. 他被飞机吸引了。【拓展】(1) attraction n 吸引例句：One of the most famous tourist attractions 最著名的旅游景点之一(2) attractive adj 吸引人的例句：She is an attractive lady. 她是

11、一个有吸引力的女人。11. reflection n 反射，沉思例句：They stood on the bridge and looked at their reflections in the lake. 他们站在桥上，看着他们在湖中的倒影。 After a moments reflection, he realized he was wrong. 经过一会儿的反思之后，他意识到他是错的。【拓展】(1) reflect v 反射，沉思词组：reflect on/upon 思索，仔细想例句：I need time to reflect on/upon my fault. 我需要时间来反思我的

12、错误。12. abandon v 放弃，抛弃词组：abandon oneself to 沉溺于 abandon the ship/research 放弃船只/研究例句：She abandoned herself to grief. 她沉浸在悲哀之中。13. access v 接近例句：You have illegally accessed the confidential files. 你已经非法获取了机密文件。n 接近的时机词组：have/get access to 获得接近的方法例句：My ex-husband has access to the children at weekends.

13、 我的前夫有权在周末同孩子们在一起。14. hold v 抓住，持有词组：hold the view that 认为 hold out 提供，坚持 hold up 举起 hold back 阻止，抑制 hold on 别挂断，坚持 hold off 推延，拖延例句：She holds the view that we cant pollute the air any more. 她坚持认为我们不能再污染空气了。 Will the car hold out till we reach London? 这车能支持到我们抵达伦敦吗？ She held up her hand quickly. 她快速

14、地举起手来。 The traffic is hold back by a car accident. 交通因为一场车祸停滞了。 He said he would hold on to the truth with his blood and life. 他说他会为坚持真理而奉献生命和鲜血。 The sports meeting will be held off due to the rain. 由于下雨，运动会将会被推延。15. ruin v 消灭词组：ruin reputation 砸牌子例句：Online rumors ruin personal reputation and cause

15、great mental distress to the victim. 网络谣言败坏个人声誉并且给受害人造成极大的精神困扰。n 废墟词组：in ruins 成为废墟废墟，可数 fall into ruin 逐渐衰败 破产，倒台不可数例句：A terrible earthquake left the whole town in ruins. 一场可怕的地震使全城成为一片废墟。 After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Colosseum fell into ruins. 罗马帝国倒下之后，罗马斗兽场也逐渐衰败。16. stand v 站立，坚持词组：sta

16、nd up 站起来 stand still 站着不动 stand by 袖手旁观 stand for 代表 stand out 明显，突出 stand doing 忍受做某事例句：Events will not stand still. 事件不会停滞不前。 Alice said that she would not stand by and let him do whatever he wanted. Alice说她不会再袖手旁观，让他为所欲为。 We agreed to let Alice stand for our group. 我们同意让Alice代表我们组。 His height ma

17、kes him stand out in the crowd. 他的身高使他在人群中非常显眼。 I cant stand waiting any longer. 我没方法再继续等下去了。17. overlook v 俯瞰，无视例句：The Great Pyramids of Giza overlook the Nile River in Egypt. 吉萨大金字塔俯瞰埃及的尼罗河。【拓展】(1) ignore 通常指有意不顾，或不理显而易见的事物例句：She saw him coming but ignore him. 她看见他走过来，但是装作没看见。(2) neglect 指粗心或忽略大意例

18、句：He neglected to repair his house. 他忘记修房子了。(3) overlook 轻视，没注意到例句：Dont overlook these mistakes. 不要小看这些错误。 课堂练习一、 选择适当内容并以适当形式填空base on from a distance contain include historic civilian have access to hold out hold back overlook ignore(1) He _ the appeal of the people for a long time.(2) Dont _ a sm

19、all detail like that.(3) There of the new products _ traditional herbal medicines.(4) Seen _, the room has only a faint light.(5) A good British breakfast always _ sausages.(6) It is important to look at the novel in its _ context.(7) A _ war is a war between factions in the same country.(8) I shoul

20、d have _ for a better deal.(9) At present, stagnation in home sales _ economic recovery.(10) Nowadays, people _ news from all over the world.参考答案：has ignored overlook are based on from a distance includeshistorical civil held out is holding back have access to 二、 翻译句子1. 保存肉类的方法就是将它冷冻preserve2. 我将不会成

21、认我犯了错误admit doing3. 下午五点之后，游客不准进入美术馆admit4. 看着在水中的倒影，Alice被自己的美丽吸引住了attract5. 人们相信长城是建筑史上最宏大的建筑之一It is believed that6. 一杯红茶或黑咖啡不含热量contain7. 我们公司的总部是在上海，但是我们在全国各地都有分公司base8. 他们在十英里外才看得清at a distance of参考答案：1. One way to preserve meat is to freeze it.2. I will not admit making mistakes.3. Visitors ar

22、e not admitted to the gallery after 5 pm.4. Looking at her reflection in the water, Alice was attracted by her own beauty.5. It is believed that the Great Wall is one of the most magnificent constructions in architecture history.6. A cup of black tea or black coffee contains no calories.7. Our compa

23、nys base is in Shanghai, but we have branches all over the country.8. They could be seen at a distance of 10 miles.阅读拓展精讲一 理解推断题推理判断题主要考察考生根据信息做出合理的推断或判断的逻辑思维才能，要求考生阅读时擅长揣测、体会作者的态度、观点、意图等。作者的态度、观点、意图会浸透在文章的字里行间，有时可能比较明显，有时可能比较含蓄、隐晦，需要仔细琢磨、揣测才能得知。试题中涉及推理判断、意图揣测题的常用提问方式如下：1.We can infer/learn from the

24、 last paragraph that .2.It can be concluded from the passage that .3.The passage implies /suggests that .4.The author seems to be in favor of against .5.What can be concluded from the passage?6.The authors purpose of writing the passage is .7.From the passage we can draw the conclusion that .8.The a

25、uthor believes that9.It is most likely to be inferred from the passage that .10.Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?在推理判断时解题时要牢记以下几点：1.严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进展推理，千万不要掺杂自己的主观想法或经历;2.假如某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，那它就不是推论，也就不是正确答案;3.假如某选项所表达的内容与经历相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案;4.假如某个选项表达

26、的内容虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不完好，那也不是正确答案;5.文中的虚拟语气和情态动词should, must, may, etc.往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，这有助于我们确定正确答案;6.注意作者在文章中的措辞，比方作者在形容词前用了too，excessively, rather那么常带有否认的口气;7.某些过渡词例如：however, but, on the contrary, whats more，fortunately，Of cause,后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度二、练习The Olympics The Olympics are the most important i

27、nternational competition in terms of scale, skills, and number of athletes.The games are divided into two parts the Summer Games and the Winter Games. The two parts are held in such a way that there are two years in between but four years before one is repeated.The Olympics were first celebrated in

28、776BC in Olympia, Greece, and were held every four years until 393AD. Then, they were brought to an end by the Roman emperor. It was not until the 1890s that the world saw the modern summer games. In 1896 the first modern Summer Olympics were held in Greece because that was where the tradition start

29、ed. After that the Olympics would move to a different city every four years. In 1924, the Winter Olympics were added to the schedule. The Games were to take place in a separate, colder place. The event was cancelled during World War I and World War II for reasons known to all.Examples of modern Summ

30、er Olympic events are track and field events, ball games, diving, gymnastics, swimming. Typical Winter Olympic events are skating and skiing.The Olympic records are the world ones. An Olympic gold medal carries as much weight as, or even more than, any other gold medal won at other international com

31、petitions. The skills and determination demonstrated at the Olympics have come to stand for the peak of human physical strength and will power.It was not until the late twentieth century that Chinese athletes began to amaze the world with their excellent performance at the Olympics. Coming out numbe

32、r one many times in the Olympic events, Chinese athletes have brought home one gold medal after another in swimming, diving, gymnastics, weight lifting, and a number of ball games. At the turn of the twenty-first century, the world witnessed Beijing being selected by the International Olympic Commit

33、tee IOC as the host city for the 2019 Olympics. This has added a brilliant touch to the picture of modern Chinese sport history.Though once marked as the Weaklings of East Asia, the Chinese have always been looking forward to achieving the dream of becoming a sports giant. After continuous efforts f

34、or years the dream is gradually coming true, and it is understandable why the Chinese let out cries of joy the night Beijings bid to host the 2019 Olympics was approved!I. Comprehension Questions1. When were The Olympics first celebrated in Olympia?A. in776BCB. in 393ADC. in 1896D. in 19242.Where di

35、d the first Modern Summer Olympics take place in 1896?A. in AustraliaB. in GreeceC. in EnglandD. in France3.What are included in typical Winter Olympics?A. track and field eventsB. ball games and swimmingC. diving and gymnasticsD. skating and skiing4.What do you think the Olympic gold medals mean fr

36、om the passage?A.Money and power.B.Respect and praise from others.C. Becoming a sports giant.D. The peak of human physical strength and will power.5.What can we infer from the passage?A. It was not until the late 19th century that Chinese athletes began to amaze the world with their excellent perfor

37、mance at the Olympics.B.The Chinese have been looking forward to hosting the Beijing Olympics.C.Beijing was selected as the host city for the 2019 Olympics by the United Nations.D.Chinese athletes have come out number one many times in every Olympics event. Put the following phrases either in Englis

38、h or Chinese according to the reading passage1. in between2. stand for3. at the turn of4. in terms of5. come out number one6. 完毕7. 增加8.发出声音9. 众所周知的原因 10由于.的结果. Fill in the blank with the words or phrases in the reading passage1. The heavy rain the difficulty of the rescue work in the earthquake-hit

39、area.2. A good command of Englisha bright future in a sense.3. As a Chinese representative, she knew that her opinionsignificant weight on IOC issues.4. Its hoped that the talks may the disagreements between the two countries.5. Johnny failed to catch the first bus to workgetting up too late.6. The

40、old man died and his money was four parts. Translation1. 你知道WTO代表什么吗？ stand for2. 是谁泄漏了机密还是个谜。let out3. 由于众所周知的原因，他未能出席会议。know4. 直到1972年，战争才最终完毕。It; come5. 在世纪之交，全世界看到并体验到了信息技术对人类社会带来的影响。 at the turn of6. 从政治上来讲，中国在国际舞台上扮演了很重要的角色。 in terms ofKeys.Comprehension Questions 1-5 ABDDB.Put the following p

41、hrases either in English or Chinese according to the reading passage1. 间隔 2. 代表 3. 在.之交 4. 从.来看 5. 获得第一 6. bring. to an end 7. add to 8. let out 9. the reasons known to all 10. as a result of.Fill in the blank with the words or phrases in the reading passage1. added to 2. equals 3. carried 4. bring

42、an end to 5. as a result of 6. divided into.Translation1. Do you know what WTO stands for?2. It is a mystery who has let out the secret.3. For reasons known to all, he couldnt attend the meeting.4. It was not until 1972 that the war finally came to an end.5. At the turn of the century, the whole wor

43、ld is witnessing and experiencing the great effect brought about by information technology.6. In terms of politics, China plays an important role on the international stage.回家作业一、 词汇自默20mintwist construction magnificent structure base include gallerybronze ware sculpture calligraphy seal historical

44、civilization preserveadmit scenery landscape attract reflection remain abandonaccess stadium hold empire ruin fall into ruin standoverlook tomb wonder盘旋；蜿蜒 建造 壮丽的 建造物 根底 包括 陈列室；展览馆青铜器 雕塑 书法 印章 历史的 文明 保存；保护准许进入 风景 景色 吸引 倒影 遗迹 抛弃；遗弃进入，接近 运动场 包容 帝国 废墟 成为废墟 看台俯瞰；眺望 坟墓 奇迹二、 阅读训练 Cloze 10minReligious and

45、private schools receive little or no support from public taxes in the Unite States, and, as a result, are usually somewhat expensive to 1 The largest group of religious schools in America 2 by the Roman Catholic Church. While religious schools tend to be 3 expensive than private schools, there are u

46、sually some fees.When there is free education available to all children in the Unite States, why do people 4 money on private schools? Americans offer 5 great variety of reasons for doing so, including the desire of some parents to 6 their children to schools 7 classes tend to be smaller, or where r

47、eligious instruction is included as part of the educational program, or because, 8 their opinion, the public schools in their area are not 9 high enough quality to meet their needs. Private schools in the Unite States 10 widely in size, quality, and in the kind of program that are offered to meet 11

48、 of certain students.The degree 12 American parents are active in their childrens schools is often 13 to people of other countries. Most schools have organizations 14 of both parents and teachers, usually called P. T. A for Parent-Teacher-Association. They meet together to 15 various matters concern

49、ing the school. Parents often give their time to help with classroom or after school activities. 1. A. goB. attendC. take part inD. enroll 2. A. were runB. runC. is runD. is running 3. A. lessB. moreC. ratherD. much 4. A. spendB. payC. costD. take 5. A. aB. theC. someD. / 6. A. bringB. bringingC. se

50、ndD. sending 7. A. whichB. whatC. in thatD. where 8. A. toB. inC. onD. for 9. A. /B. inC. ofD. on10. A. differB. variesC. extendD. differs 11. A. the needsB. the satisfaction C. needsD. need12.A. on which B.to whichC.whichD.what13.A. surprise B.surprisedC.surprisingD.striking14.A. consisting B.compr

51、isingC.composingD.making up15.A. talk to B.commentC.discussD.exchangeKeys1-5 BCAAA 6-10 CDBCA 11-15 ABCACReading 20minAWere more than halfway now; its only two miles farther to the inn, said the driver. Im glad of that! answered the stranger. He wanted to say more but the east wind blew right down h

52、is throat whenever he tried to speak.You dont feel the cold so much at twenty below zero out in the Western Country. Theres none of this coldness, he said, adding, and wetness. Youll have a cold drive going back, he said anxiously, and put up his hand for the twentieth time to see if his coat collar was as close to the back of his neck as possible. He had wished a dozen times that he were in his warm old hunters clothes which he had often worn in the worst of weather in the northwest.I shall not have to go back! said the girl in a loud voice, with eager pleasantness. Im