“飞思卡尔”杯参赛智能汽车设计与制作【电路图】
收藏
资源目录
压缩包内文档预览：(预览前20页/共22页)
编号：209829567
类型：共享资源
大小：843.38KB
格式：ZIP
上传时间：2022-04-28
上传人：机****料
认证信息
个人认证
高**（实名认证）
河南
IP属地：河南
50
积分
- 关 键 词：
-
电路图
卡尔
参赛
智能
汽车
设计
制作
- 资源描述：
-
“飞思卡尔”杯参赛智能汽车设计与制作【电路图】,电路图,卡尔,参赛,智能,汽车,设计,制作
- 内容简介：
-
附录附录1外文翻译英文原文Energy Management System of Admixture Electricity-generating1. One prefaceThe admixture that wind force and solar cells generate electricity to constitute generates electricity the system and is called the breeze/ light to repair the system with each other, all having some common weakness because of the breeze and solar energies, such as the energy density low, the stability is bad and is subjected to the weather influence not to continue, have the strong weak conjugation, solar energy of seasonal to interrupted etc. day and night. Be generate electricity by the wind force and solar energy respectively to the power supply, the credibility of its power supply lowers consumedly.The wind energy, solar energy has to repair sex with each other certainly, if the sun light of daytime is strong, the night breeze is many, the summer sunshine good, the breeze is weak; The spring stanza breeze of winter is strong but the sunlight is opposite weaker. Develop the wind force a solar energy to supply again to give or get an electric shock the system with each other, take into wind force and the solar energy techniques to synthesize the exploitation, thus constitute a kind of repair with each other of can scatter the new energy that cloth order, will is a new growth to order in this energy structure of century. Have the condition pass the storage battery of match the appropriate capacity or connect into the city to give or get an electric shock the conduct and actions back up power supply, can make circulate the expenses to lower consumedly, huge exaltation of the credibility of the power supply.Local mainly generate electricity to independent wind power, the light currently and the breeze a light supplies again the research of the electricity control system with each other more. In design the breeze a light generate electricity system, the design way of thinking of the widespread adoption according to load everyday total to consume the electricity quantity, and radiate the quantity from the day that the local weather data get to the capacity of the certain solar cell array, the wind power machine, then come certain can the renewable energy generate electricity the power and the storage battery capacities of control the devices, but at mix with the movement of generate electricity the system control and excellent turn the research of manage the method less.Because the exportation power and the burden powers of the breeze electrical engineering set, the solar cell array is affect by the outside factor, changing the scope to compare greatly, as a result turned the energy of generate electricity the system management to also put forward the higher request towards control and excellently. This text aims at the movement efficiency and credibilitys that the characteristics of the system movement designs one energy management system( energy management system, brief name EMS) to raise the system.2 composing of the systemsThis text with the south science and engineering university dispersion type wind force a solar energy of the new energy center admixture generates electricity the system for study the view, the structure diagram of the system, such as 2 1 of figure 1 show:May known by the chart 2-1, the system includes following several parties:The wind power machine and its controller: Total 15KW / sets of the biggest exportation power of the breeze machine, the wind force machine generates electricity the controller to make the wind force machine been placed in the biggest power to output the appearance always.Solar cell and its electricity generation controller: The altogether 5 groups, solar cell each group of peaks tile 3 k W, the solar energy electricity generation controller causes the solar cell array throughout to be at the maximum work rate output condition.The data collects the system:( the data acquires the system, the brief name DAS)Used for the electric voltage, the load power that collects to examine the solar cell exportation power, the wind power machine to output the power, the system direct current part, and circulate the relevant information to the system that collect, providing the energy management system to carry on the analytical processing.The energy manages the system: collect each function of system unit movement parameter that system provide according to the data, carry out the valid management to the system and controls.Buffer electric capacity: carry out parts of electric voltages of the system direct current steady.Load and inversion: The new energy center load classification, a kind of load is a load which the energy center work and the experiment must guarantee; Two kind of loads are the electrical energies which energy center ancillary facilities and so on greenhouse control needs, when the renewable energy output electrical energy has the unnecessary energy, only then invests load. The system load and the direct component connection is, the direct current side which realizes through the inversion after PWM inversion, transforms for the voltage is constant, the profile good exchange electrical energy, provides for the load.The city gives or get an electric shock the controller: When can the electricity that renewable energy provide can satisfy a load of system need, giving or get an electric shock from the city to make the complement; namely chase the city to give or get an electric shock the conduct and actions back up power supply, pass combine the net controller to control the devotion and the excision of the city electricity.In the wind power, the solar energy and the load constitution electricity generation, uses electricity in the system, as a result of the wind speed, the sunshine intensity and other climatic conditions changes, the wind electrical machinery, the solar cell array output and the load power all has comparatively wide range the undulation, thus set the very high request to the energy management system management system.This article in view of is being constructed a South China technical University new energy center disperser -like wind power solar energy mix generating system, has designed an energy management system management system, according to the system electricity generation, the load uses electricity the condition, the management system management system power supply pattern, nimbly adjusts each part to supply the electric quantity the proportion. The energy management system management system is bigger than the load demand when the renewable energy, shuts off the partial solar energies, the wind electrical machinery; When the renewable energy cannot satisfy the basic load request, in fully uses the renewable energy under the premise, is insufficient partially carries on the suitable supplement by the city electricity, takes the system the biggest load is 750 kW.In the power supply system, the system electricity generation and the load active power balance, is the system safe stable movement essential condition. Because the system load is provides by the Divulgate after the inversion, the DC voltage stable direct influence system provides the electrical energy to the load the quality, takes the system direct currentvoltage in here to control for the system the quantity, and takes its operating region is 192 V - 240V, chooses 216 V for the direct component rated voltage. In order to does not make the system the structure too to be complex, processing did not consider in here to the accumulator cell. Namely energy management system management system structure drawing like chart 2 2 show:, and difference for female line electric voltage, exportable and biggest power in the wind force machine, exportable and biggest power, system in the solar cell array of the direct current of the system a the type load the power and two loads needed need of power; and output to make use of the coefficient and the solar cell arrays to output the utilization for the wind force machine of the system with respectively, namely count to amount it with the wind force machine for the set that the wind force machine be in use than, for the number and the solar energy array set total amount that the solar energy array be in use than. Take 、0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1， and mean the number that the set number and the solar cell arrays that the wind force machine be in use be in use respectively;和 give or get an electric shock the switch control to change the quantity for the city respectively and two the types load of provide the rate, this text define、for the switch function, take the value 0 or 1; Whenmean that the charged barbed wire net connects into the admixture to generate electricity the system, 0 mean that the charged barbed wire net generates electricity the system from the admixture to cut off; mean that two loads connect into the admixture to generate electricity the system devotion work, = 0 mean that two loads generate electricity the system excision from the admixture.Aim at the characteristics of the system movement, draw up the following design rule:(1)Rule aA power of the breeze electrical engineering capacity that constitutes to mix with to generate electricity the system is more and greatly, as a result the choice regard a power supply of the breeze electrical engineering as principle, the solar cell array is the energy tiny adjust the part.(2)Rule twoAccording to the system work characteristic, takes the direct current side terminal voltage expected value is 216 V, when the renewable energy may output the maximum work rate is bigger than the load request, the renewable energy to the electrical network does not transport the electrical energy.(3)Rule threeTakes when here the direct current generator voltage is lower than 192 V, through incorporates the controller to put through the electrical network, by the city electricity supplemented the load needs the short partial electrical energies, and the incorporation controller which the chapter introduced by this article behind causes the direct current generator voltage to maintain 192 V, namely When attracts 200 V, closure incorporation controller, then = 0(4)Rule four Two loads are several: Generate electricity the system for the admixture in the electric power that the assistance facilities need, when can the renewable energy exportation electric power contain surplus of energy, the load that just throw in.In two kind of loads working condition, its load power examination has not been more difficult, in order to avoid two kind of loads frequently throwing ; This article according to the system the load disposition situation, supposes two kind of loads maximum works reties , when+Circulate two load devotions, namely 1(5)Rule fiveIn order to enhance the system direct component voltage the stability, when attracts 230 V, automatically two kind of loads investments movement, namely 1 When 240 V, the automatic excision all renewable energy electric power facility carries on the power supply to the direct current generator, namely=0，1Inputs the multi- outputs, the change complex characteristic in view of the system, this system uses in the intelligent control the fuzzy control technology (Fuzzy Control, is called FC) to realize to the system carries on the management and the control; Studied and has designed one kind based on the graduation fuzzy control (Hierarchical Fuzzy Control, was called HFC) the algorithm energy management system management system.3. Misty controlsThe fuzzy set with the fuzzy control concept is by American University of California famous Professor L. A. Z a d e h in it Fuzzy Sets，Fuzzy Algorithm and Rationale for Fuzzy Control and so on famously discusses center first was proposing one kind is completely different with the traditional mathematics and the control theory intelligent theory. Its production not only developed the broad classical mathematics foundation, moreover was causes the computer science to simulate the significant breakthrough which the human thought aspect developed.The faintness gather to come out the persons judgment, the thinking process with the direct expression of more simple language and mathematics forms. The mode of thinking that makes complicated system press mankind carry on operation and processings make possible, lay the foundation for the formation of the misty controller, and get the scholar of the international community and the engineering technical personnels extensive value and applications.The fuzzy control through the fuzzy set with the logical inference method persons experience formalization, the simulation, turns the control model and the language which the computer may accept, lets the computer replace the person to carry on the effective real-time control. Fuzzy controller composition diagram like chart 2 - 3 showIt include: The importation quantity faintness turns to connect, knowledge base( database and the rule database), reason logically the machine to reach agreement the faintness to connect.(1)The faintness turns to connectThe importation of the misty controller is usually certain quantity, must after faintness turn change into the language that controller know or change the quantity then can be use by the controller, the faintness turns to connect is to convert the certain importation quantity as the faintness to measure, it is also the importation of the misty controller to connect.(2)Knowledge base The knowledge base description form mainly has two kinds of: Database and rule database. Database is deposits all importations and output to change to measure of all misty son gather of belong to one degree relation of vector value; If in order to continue the area, the theory area database then for belong to the function correspond.The regular storehouse is the operator which and has the rich experience based on the expert knowledge acts according to the long-term accumulation the experience, according to persons intuition inference one language expression form. Most commonly used is if -then, else, also, or and so on, like 2 Uyghur fuzzy inference rule maybe represented asR: If (deviation is a; Bad rate of change is b;) Then (control measures is c;)The rule database is to is use to deposit all misty control rules, while reason logically provide the inferential basis for reason logically the machine.(3)Reason logically to reach agreement the faintness to connectWhile reason logically, the controller reasons logically the machine according to the misty quantity that input, controlling the rule through the faintness to solve the faintness to relate to the square distance, obtaining the misty control quantity of the misty controller.From reason logically the amount of control that machine acquire and is a misty vector, cant be use directly to control to be control object, must still convert the certain control measure, we be called this process to solve the faintness or faintnesses to measure clear to turn. Usually reason logically and the exportation carries to have to convert the misty quantity as clear value of process be called the solution faintness.4. Designs of the This article designs the wind can a solar energy mix generating system structure diagram like chart 2 - 6 showFor the sake of the exaltation can the exploitation efficiency of the renewable energy, under the condition that wind energy and solar energies can satisfy to load the request, the load then is provide by the wind energy and solar energy the demanding energy; At the wind energy and solar energies cant satisfy the load request, at making use of well can the foundation of the renewable energy up, the load is provided together by the wind energy, solar energy and charged barbed wire nets the demanding energy.May know by the system structure drawing, the system direct current generator voltage change direct influence system provides the electrical energy to the load the quality and the reliability, thus the stable DC voltage is the system operational reliability and a performance important target. Takes the system direct current generator voltage for to control the quantity, 2 - 6 may result in the system by chart 2 the mathematical model:Among themfemale line electric voltage of direct current, the wind power equips the exportation electric current, the solar energy generates electricity to equip the exportation electric current, the system transport the load get electric current, the charged barbed wire net transports to give or get an electric shock the direct current the part get electric current, an electric capacity of Cdirect current.The usual renewable energy electric power facility investment is bigger, in order to fully displays its electricity generation the efficiency, reduces system cost the recycling cycle, the electric power facility uses the maximum work rate output for the control goal. Supposes each wind-driven generator and each group of solar cell arrayal works in peak power output condition, wind power generation and solar energy electric power facility output total output distinction isand , system to its use factor distinctionand, then (2 - 3) the formula may rewrite is System structure drawing like chart 2 - 7 show:May know by the 2-7 chart, the system input value are more, in view of a wind power solar energy mix generating system characteristic, uses the graduation fuzzy control in here us the strategy to come to the system to carry on the control, and designs four level of graduation fuzzy controllers to realize to mixes the generating system to carry on thee energy management and the control.System structure drawing like chart 2 - 8 show:The burden of the system is to be provided directly by the direct current electric power and through go against to change the machine exportation, the stability of the direct current electric voltage becomes direct influences is a system to output the exchanges electric power quantity, stability and dependable key factors. As a result the choice direct current is part of physically the direct current electric voltage measure with the direct current electric voltage variety, be the first degree importation of the system, output for the direct current electric voltage etc. the effect be worth is a comprehensive direct current electric voltage measure with the direct current electric voltage variety , get future appearance. Substantially, it reflected the system on the current direct current electric voltage foundation, if dont change the control quantity, then next sample the estimate value of the time direct current side electric voltage is, because of before next adoption period arrival, the exportation control of the system quantity, was reason logically by faintness personal occurrence change, as a result define here be worth for the etc. effect of parts of electric voltages of the system direct current.Second degree with the first degree outputs direct current electric voltage etc. the effect valueand burden be that class importation of the misty controller, outputtake for load the opposite system energy load strength: is a comprehensive burden and load the direct current electric voltage etc. the effect be worth get of a three change the quantity. When big in expect to be worth, the energy that the system burden need is in addition to from can renewable energy in addition to provide, still having a part to need to be kept the ability component electric capacity by the direct current, then can lower the direct current side electric voltage, make the direct current side electric voltage be worth the direction variety toward expectation, then the burden need from can the renewable energy provide the energy drive die down; When small in expect to be worth, can the renewable energy is in addition to the system burden in addition to providing the energy, still wanting toward direct current to keep the ability component electric capacity to compensate the electric power, raise the direct current side electric voltage, from can the renewable energy angle to see, need to provide the energy to be strengthen in the foundation for load: As a result define to output here for load the load strength of the opposite system energy.X-rated output the biggest power with a strong wind energy of influence and load the opposite system energy strength be the importation of the x-rated misty controller, output is the utilization of the wind energy , be to output to provide to the breeze electrical engineering controller, control the set that the breeze electrical engineering open number, among them is The solar energy importation the moderate breezes machine provides the system the opposite energy the burden the strength shortage part 75- conduct and actions the fourth class importation of the misty controller, take output for the utilization that solar energy generate electricity namely is:The fourth cascade control output and the third cascade control output affects to the electricity generation control device to the load power supply. When and cannot satisfy the load request, when the direct component voltage is lower than 192 V, puts through the electrical network, can a solar energy mix generating system provide the electrical energy together by the electrical network gentle breeze; When the direct component voltage is higher than 240 V, then shuts off the wind-driven generator and the solar energy electric power facility to the system power supply, when the direct current terminal voltages lower than 220 V again reinvests the work.Thus, gradually asks the essence through the graduation structure, gradually approaches the objective function, thus achieves the ideal control effect.5. SummaryThis chapter first simply introduced the wind power solar energy mix generating system disposition, afterwards aimed at this multi- inputs to be most the variable the disperser-like wind power solar energy mix electricity generation energy management system management system, the research has designed based on the heredity algorithm graduation fuzzy control algorithm, and produced this system to use graduation fuzzy control the detailed design procedure. Finally, with the aid of to the simulation, applies the above algorithm to the wind can in a solar energy mix electricity generation energy management system management system. The simulation result indicated that, can implemental better management and the control based on the graduation fuzzy controller to the disperser-like wind power solar energy mix generating system, and may obtain the good effect. This also for the many kinds of renewable energies mix generating system management and the control, has provided an effective key to the situation.中文翻译混合发电能量管理系统1. 引言风力与太阳能电池发电组成的混合发电系统又叫作风光互补系统，由于风和太阳能都有一些共同的缺点，如能量密度低、稳定性差、 受天气影响不连续、有季节性强弱变化、太阳能日夜间断等。分别由风力和太阳能发电来供电，其供电的可靠性大大降低。风能、太阳能具有一定的互补性，如白天太阳光强，夜晚风多，夏天日照好、风弱；冬春季节风大而阳光相对较弱。开发风力一太阳能互补发电系统，将风力与太阳能技术加以综合利用，从而构成一种互补的可分散布点的新型能源，将是本世纪能源结构中一个新的增长点。有条件时通过搭配适当容量的蓄电池或接入市电作为备用电源，可使运行费用大大的降低、供电的可靠性大大的提高。目前国内主要针对独立的风力发电、光伏发电及风一光互补发电控制系统的研究较多。在设计风一光发电系统中，普遍采用的设计思路是根据负载每天的总耗电量，和由当地气象数据得到的日辐射量来确定太阳能电池阵列、风力发电机的容量，再来确定可再生能源发电控制装置的功率和蓄电池容量，但是在混合发电系统的运行控制和优化管理方法方面的研究较少。由于风电机组、太阳能电池阵列的输出功率和负荷功率受外界因素的影响，变动范围较大，因而对控制和优化发电系统的能量管理也提出了较高的要求。本文针对系统运行的特点设计了一能量管理系统（Energy Management System, 简称EMS）来提高系统的运行效率和可靠性。2. 系统的构成本文以华南理工大学新能源中心的分散式风力一太阳能混合发电系统为研究景，系统的结构图如图21示： 由图2-1可知，系统包括以下几部分：风力发电机及其控制器：共5套，风机的最大输出功率15台，风力机发电控制器使风力机始终处于最大功率输出状态。 太阳能电池及其发电控制器：共5组，太阳能电池每组峰瓦3，太阳能发电控制器使太阳能电池阵列始终处于最大功率输出状态。 数据采集系统（Data Acquisition System，简称DAS）：用于采集检测太阳能电池输出功率、风力发电机输出功率、系统直流部分的电压、负载功率，并把采集到的系统运行有关信息，提供能量管理系统进行分析处理。 能量管理系统：根据数据采集系统提供的系统各功能单元运行参数，来实现对系统的有效管理和控制。 缓冲电容：实现系统直流部分电压的平稳。 负载和逆变器：新能源中心的负载分类，一类负载是能源中心办公和实验所必须保证的负载；二类负载是能源中心的温室控制等辅助设施所需的电能，当可再生能源输出电能有多余的能量时，才投入的负载。系统的负载和直流部分的连接是通过逆变器来实现的，直流侧经过 逆变器，转换为电压恒定、波形良好的交流电能，提供给负载。 市电控制器：当可再生能源提供的电能不能满足系统一类负载所需时，由市电来作补充；即把市电作为备用电源，通过并网控制器来控制市电的投入和切除。 在风力、太阳能和负荷构成的发电、用电系统中，由于风速、日照强度和其它气候条件的变化，风电机组、太阳能电池阵列的输出功率和负荷功率都存在着较大范围的波动，因而对能量管理系统提出了很高的要求。 本文针对正在建设中的华南理工大学新能源中心分散式风力一太阳能混合发电系统，设计了一个能量管理系统，根据系统发电、负荷用电状况，来管理系统的供电模式，灵活调节各部分供电量的比例。能量管理系统在可再生能源大于负荷需求时，切断部分太阳能、风电机；可再生能源不能满足基本负载要求时，在充分利用可再生能源的前提下，不足部分由市电来进行适当的补充，取系统的最大负荷为750.在供电系统中，系统发电与负荷有功功率的平衡，是系统安全稳定运行的必要条件。由于系统的负荷是由直流电压经逆变器提供的，直流电压的稳定性直接影响系统给负载提供电能的质量，在这里取系统直流母线电压为系统的被控量，并取其工作范围为192240，选择216为直流部分的额定电压。为了不使系统的结构过于复杂，在这里对蓄电池的处理不予以考虑。即能量管理系统结构图如图22所示：,和分别为系统的直流母线电压、风力机可输出的最大功率、太阳能电池阵列可输出的最大功率、系统中一类负载所需功率和二类负载所需的功率；和分别为系统的风力机输出利用系数和太阳能电池阵列输出利用率，即为风力机启用的台数与风力机总数之比, 为太阳能阵列启用的组数和太阳能阵列组总数之比。取、0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1，则5和5分别表示风力机启用的台数和太阳能电池阵列启用的组数；和，分别为市电开关控制变量和二类负载的提供率，本文定义、为开关函数，取值“0”或“1”；当表示电网接入混合发电系统，0表示电网从混合发电系统中切除； 表示二类负载接入混合发电系统投入工作，0则表示二类负载从混合发电系统切除。针对系统运行的特点，制定以下设计规则：（1）规则一构成混合发电系统的风电机组功率容量较大，因而选择以风电机组供电为主，太阳能电池阵列作为能量微调部分。（2）规则二根据系统的工作特点，取直流侧端电压期望值为216，当可再生能源可输出最大功率大于负载要求时，可再生能源不向电网输送电能。（3）规则三在这里取直流母线电压低于192时，通过并网控制器接通电网，由市电来补充负载所需短缺部分的电能，并由本文后面章节介绍的并网控制器使直流母线电压维持192，即 1当吸 时，关闭并网控制器，即 0（4）规则四二类负载几：为混合发电系统中辅助设施所需的电能，当可再生能源输出电能有多余的能量时，才投入的负载。二类负载未工作情况下，其负载功率检测较困
- 温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。
川公网安备: 51019002004831号