基础学院 生理学理论授课教案

1、基础学院 生理学理论授课教案Section six Digestion and absorption课程名称生理学章节（课题）Chapter one IntroductionChapter three Digestion of stomach 授课对象2005临床英文班授课时间2007年4月27日授课学时2学时授课地点第一教学楼，第六教室教学目的及要求1. to be familiar with the digestion and absorption of food in the digestive tract 2. to be familiar with the nervous and h

2、umeral regulation of digestion and absorption3. to master compornents, effects and regulation of digestive juices 教学重点与难点【本节重点】1. slow wave2. gastrointestinal hormones3. Gastrointestinal innervation4. effects of gastric juice5. Regulation of gastric secretionInhibition of gastric secretion【本节难点】1. g

3、astrointestinal hormones2. Regulation of gastric secretion【自学内容】mouth and esophagus教学方法1. 以大班课堂讲授为主，利用Powerpoint制作的多媒体教学课件，讲授中有机的采用启发式和直观式教学，以多媒体技术和实物投影教配合教学。2. 课后布置思考题辅助教学教具黑板、粉笔，多媒体课件板书提纲Section six Digestion and absorptionChapter one IntroductionI. Digestion I). Definition :II). Types of digestio

4、n： II. absorptionIII. Characteristics of smooth muscle of the gut(I) General characteristics1）lower excitability2）slow and irregular autorhythmicity 3）tonic contraction4）extend ability 5）sensitive to stretch, temperature and chemical stimuli but not to electrical stimulus (II) Electrophysiological c

5、haracteristics1. Resting potential：2. Slow waves (basic electrical rhythm)(1) Definition: a recurring local depolarization of smooth muscles of the gut.(2) Origin (Pacemaker): Cajal cells3. Action potential 1）characteristics: Slower and longer2）Formation : (1) Depolarizing phase: Ca2+ influx(2) Repo

6、larizing phase: K+ efflux 4. Relationship between SW and APSW controls the appearance of action potentials which in turn cause the muscle contraction.IVGastrointestinal innervation1. Intrinsic nervous systemsubmucosal plexus (粘膜下神经丛)myenteric plexus (肌间神经丛)2. Extrinsic nervous systemSympathetic nerv

7、e Parasympathetic nerveV. Gastrointestinal hormone1. Definition:Hormones secreted by endocrine cells of the gut. 2. Major gastrointestinal hormonesGastrin (促胃液素，胃泌素）Secretin（胰泌素，促胰液素）Cholecystokinin （CCK，胆囊收缩素）Chapter twomouth and esophagusSelf study!Chapter three Digestion of stomach I.Gastric secr

8、etion/day1. Hydrochloric acid (胃酸）Secretion: parietal cells, Basic acid secretion：05 mmol/HThe maximal rate of acid secretion：20-25 mmol/Hactive transport: proton pump(质子泵）The functions of HCl（1）killing swallowed virulent organisms （2）activating pepsinogen and providing a medium of low pH（3） making

9、protein degeneration（4） promoting the secretion of pancreas and bile （5） promoting the absorption of calcium and ferrum in the intestine.2. Pepsinogen胃蛋白酶原：Chief cells 3. Mucus and bicarbonate4. Intrinsic factor（内因子）Secretion : parietal cell, glycoproteinessential to the absorption of vitamin B12（II

10、）Regulation of gastric secretion1. Gestric secretion during digestion （1） Cephalic phase before food enters the stomach. 1) characteristics：rich in the enzymes, acid and water, related to appetite (30%)2) regulation：Nervous and humoral regulation2. Inhibition of gastric secretion（1） HCl : HCl acts d

11、irectly on the G-cell and inhibits gastrin release. HCl "D cells "somatostatin (生长抑素) "inhibits gastrin release. chyme in the duodenum decreases the acid secretion. This is a negative feedback mechanism to prevent overloading of the small intestine with acid content. 3. intrinsic subs

12、tances stimulating gastric secretion 4. intrinsic substances inhibiting gastric secretion 教学步骤Chapter one Introduction（20minutes）Chapter twomouth and esophagusSelf -study!Chapter three Digestion of stomach（80minutes）I. Gastric secretion(I) Composition and functions of gastric juice1. Hydrochlor

13、ic acid (胃酸）The functions of HCl2. Pepsinogen胃蛋白酶原：3. Mucus and bicarbonate4. Intrinsic factor（内因子）(II) Regulation of gastric secretion1. Gestric secretion during digestion 2. Inhibition of gastric secretion思考题或作业1. Explaining the following words: digestion, absorption, gastrointestinal hormone, gas

14、tric emptying, receptive relaxation2. Describe the function of HCl3. Describe the regulation of gastric secretion.教材及参考书1. 姚泰主编. 生理学(第六版). 北京:人民卫生出版社, 2000.2. 陈元方, Yanada T 主编. 胃肠肽类激素基础与临床. 北京: 北京医科大学、中国协和医科大学联合出版社，1997.3. 周吕主编. 胃肠生理学. 北京：科学出版社，1991.4. Greger R, Windhorst U. Comprehensive Human Phys

15、iology. Vol 2, Springer Berlin, 1996.5. Johnson LR. Physiology of Gastrointestinal Tract. 3rd edition. Raven Press, New York, 1994.6. Li Y, C Owyang. Pancreatic secretion evoked by cholecystokinin and non-cholecystokinin-dependent duodenal stimuli via vagal afferent fiber in the rat. J Physiology(Lo

16、ndon), 1996;494:773-782.7. Yamada T. Textbook of Gastroenterology. Lippincott, 1995.课后记胃液分泌调节安排的时间显得不足，充分展开讲，可增加10min。课程名称生理学章节（课题）GASTRIC MOTILITY Chapter four digestion of small intestine授课对象2005临床英文班授课时间2007年5月9日授课学时2学时授课地点第一教学楼，第六教室教学目的及要求1. to master the composition and effects of pancreatic ju

17、ice and the regulation of secretion2. to master types of the movement of stomach and intestine. Gastric Motility, Gastric emptying 教学重点与难点【本节重点】1. Types of Gastric Motility2. the composition and effects of pancreatic juice and the regulation of secresion教学方法1. 以大班课堂讲授为主，利用Powerpoint制作的多媒体教学课件，讲授中有机的

18、采用启发式和直观式教学，以多媒体技术和实物投影教配合教学。2. 课后布置思考题辅助教学教具黑板、粉笔，多媒体课件板书提纲II. GASTRIC MOTILITY（I）Types of Gastric Motility1. Receptive relaxationVagovagal reflex:2. Gastric peristalsis 蠕动 (II) Gastric emptying1. Definition : gastric contents pass into the duodenum Direct force: difference of pressuresDriving forc

19、e：gastric motility 2. Rate of gastric emptyingcontrol of gastric emptying(1) enhancing effect of introgastric factors 1) distension "a vagovagal reflex; 2) distension " a local reflex;3) chemical " gastrin release.(2) inhibiting effect of intraduodenal factors HCl, Fat, hypertonic sol

20、ution） enterogastric reflex ） enterogastroneChapter fourDigestion of small intestineI.   Secretion of pancreas 1. Composition and effects of pancreatic juice(1) Inorganic substances Bicarbonate, other ions and water （2） Organic substances1) Pancreatic Amylase (胰淀粉酶)2) Lipase (胰脂肪酶）3) Tryps

21、in (胰蛋白酶) 4) Chymotrypsin (糜蛋白酶)trypsinogenenterokinaseHCltrypsinchymotripsinogenchymotrypsinproteinProteosepeptone+Peptides and amino acids2 regulation of pancreatic secretioncharacteristics of Vagus regulationrich in the enzymes but little in bicarbonate and water. 1) Secretin (胰泌素，促胰液素）：secreted

22、by ”S” cells Food conditioned and unconditioned stimulicephalic：gastric：distensionProtein digestion productsintestinal：Food centersVaguspancreasGastrinG cellsDistension of stomachVagusHClsecretinCCKprotein and Fat digestion productsintestineintestinal：I cellS cell-stimulants：HCl, digested proteins a

23、nd fatty acidsmain effect：inducing the secretion of pancreatic juice characteristics： rich in bicarbonate and water, but little in the enzymes. 2）cholecystokinin, CCK(胆囊收缩素)： secreting position：“I” cells stimulants： protein digestion products, fatty acids, HCl and fat main effect：inducing the secret

24、ion of pancreatic enzymes. characteristics：The pancreatic juice is rich in the enzymes, but not in bicarbonate and water. mediated by IP3"Ca2+（3）other hormones ：II. BILE SECRETION(I) property (II) COMPOSITION (III) FUNCTIONS OF BILE1. Fat emulsification: Help in fat digestion 2. Help in Lipid a

25、bsorption: 3. Help in absorption of liposoluble vitamins(A.D.K.E)4. Promote the secretion of bile salts. (IV) Control of bile secretion and gallbladder contraction1. Nervous effect:2. Humoral effect: COLONl(1) SECRETION OF COLONl(2) MOVEMENT OF COLON Segmentation contractionPeristalsis (Mass perista

26、lsis)l(3) FECES AND DEFECATIONlFerment (发酵)l(decomposition 腐败)Chapter SIX ABSORPTIONI Absorption sites of main nutrients II. Absorption of main nutrients 教学步骤GASTRIC MOTILITY （10 minutes）（I）Types of Gastric Motility1. Receptive relaxation2. Gastric peristalsis (II) Gastric emptyingChapter four Diges

27、tion of small intestine（60minutes）I.   Secretion of pancreas （40 minutes）1. Composition and effects of pancreatic juice2 regulation of pancreatic secretionII. BILE SECRETION （20 minutes）Chapter five COLON（10 minutes） (1) SECRETION OF COLON (2) MOVEMENT OF COLON Segmentation contractionPeristalsis (Mass p