11-12讲时态学案

1、如皋市教育培训集团精品讲座之中考系列初三英语第一、十二讲时态（学案）2011-12-25Lear ning aims:系统复习中考语法一一时态Lear ning activities :Activity One Warming up:学唱英文歌“ Jingle Bells ”Dashing through the snow ,in a one-horse open sleigh,Over the fields we go, Laugh ing all the way;Bells on bob-tail ring, making spirits bright,What fun it is to

2、ride and sing.A sleighing song tonightJin gle bells, jin gle bells, ji ngle all the way!Oh! what fun it is to ride !In a one-horse open sleighActivity Three】中考语法讲练时态? Step One诊断练习（独立完成一核对答案一统计情况一知识梳理）2011南通】请根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。Iread want pla nt hold forgetl56. Amy is crazy about dancing

3、 and she to be a dan cer whe n she grows up.57. I this magaz ine. Will you please show me ano ther?58. 一 Can you hear some students singing in the hall? Yes. Our school a red-s ong competiti on there.59. I to post the letter on my way here this morning. Til do it this after noon.60. 一 Why are you in

4、 a hurry, John?一 My classmates are waiting for me at the school gate. We trees in the park.? Step Two知识梳理初中部分学过八种时态，八种时态可分为两类，即现在时态和过去时态。如下表。现在 时态一般现在时现在进行时一般将来时现在完成时过去 时态一般过去时过去进行时过去将来时女过去完成时众注:其中打星号的过去将来时态和过去完成时不属于中考时态考查范围，只需要理解，但另外六种时态，要全面掌握。> be （ “是/存在”）动词的各种时态变化：一般现在时一般将来时现在完成时lam.You are.H

5、e/She/It is.We/You/They are.（I 等各人称）will be.I amHe/She/It is goi ng to be,.We/You/They are I have bee n.You have bee n.She/he/It has bee n. We/You/They have bee n.一般过去时过去将来时过去完成时I was.You were.He/She/It was.We/You/They were.（I 等各人称） would be.I was'He/She/It was知 ng to be.We/You/They were -I had

6、bee n.,.You had bee n.,.She/he/It had bee n. We/You/They had bee n.注意：句型变化时，否定句在 am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 后面力廿 not,而且 not 可以缩写为（am后面not不可以缩写）；疑问句将 am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would提前到句首其它谓语动词（主动语态）的时态变化一览表：现在 时态一般现在时现在进行时一般将来时现在完成时谓语动 词构成动词用原形（三 单加s/es）,（

7、问 句和否定句用助 动词 do / does）am ris j + 动词 ing arewill +动词原形am Dis r +go ing6+动词原形arehave +过去分 词has过去 时态一般过去时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时谓语动 词构成动词用过去式（问句和否定句 用助动词did）was +动词-汤gwould +动词原形was动词原形were#had +过去分词were八种时态的具体用法：、一般现在时do, does, don't do, does n't dobe 的一般现在时am, is, are, am no t, is n't, are n'

8、;t1. always， usually, often, sometimes= at times, seldom ， never，2. every day ， at weeke nds, on Sun day , on weekdays, once a week3. 客观真理4. if, un til, whe n, after, before, uni ess 弓丨导的从句中5. "The比较级，the +比较级”的前半句二、现在进行时 am/is/are doing, am no t/is n't/aren't doing1. now, at prese nt,

9、at the mome nt, these days2. Listen! Look! Be quiet! Where's Ann? She is.3. all the time, always It's 8:30 now. The Gree ns are doing三、一般过去时 did, did n't do1. yesterday, last week, three years ago2. since （自从）引导的从句中3. in 1991 , When he was you ng, he.4. at last =in the en d=fi nally5. ju

10、st now ,One day, in the past四、一般将来时 will do, won* do1. tomorrow, the day after tomorrow ,n ext week2. in two days, some day, in the future3. if, un til, whe n, after, before, unl ess 前面的主句中4. Hurry up, or you will.5. how soon will. sooner or later（迟早）6. The +比较级，the +比较级”的后半句7. hope/promise后面的宾语从句中五

11、、现在完成时 has/have done, has n' t/have n't done1. already, just, ever , never, yet2. since （自从）前面的主句中3. for two years , since 15 days ago4. In/duri ng the past/last ten years, great cha nges have taken place in China.5. How many times have/has sb don e.?6. It's the third time sb have/has do

12、n e.7. so far= till now六、过去进行时 was/were doing, wasrft/wereift doing1. at this time yesterday2. from 8:00 to 9:00 last night3. duri ng the summer holiday last year4. at that mome nt5. the whole after noon last Sun day6. just the n七、过去将来时 would do, would n't do1. 主句为过去时的宾语从句中2. the n ext day , the

13、 follow ing week八、过去完成时had don e/had n done1. by the end of last term, by the time we went there2. When he reached the railway station, the train had done3. when/before从句前面的主句中4. the day before, 5 years before各种时态的时间状语用法口诀：一般现在时：总经常，每周一次，有时从不一般过去时：昨天，上个，ago, in the past, in加过去年份一般将来时：明天，下个， in加将来年份或

14、时间段现在进行时：现在时刻看和听，最近在哪请安静现在完成时：完成、持续和经验，六字概括基本全。表完成，just, already常岀现。表持续，for常接时间段since常接过去时间点表经验， ever, never 句中间 Have you ever seen/ heard/ beento.?Yes, I have.No, never.This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.一、一般现在时：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态，或说明主语的特征。%1 一般现在时句中常用的时间状语：女口: He(brush) his

15、 teeth twice a day.%1表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时，句子里一般不用时间状语。女口： Our teacher told us that light(travel) faster tha n sou nd.(光传播比声音快)将来，句子句中(以if,%1表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情，用一般现在可以表达中可以有将来时间。女口： The train for Haikou(leave) at 8 : 00 am.(开往汉 口 的列车上午8 点开车)%1在时间状语从句中 (以when, after, before, while, until,

16、as soon as 等引导)和条件状语从 unless引导)，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，句子可以有将来时间。如:If it (not rain) tomorrow, we will go camp ing.=Unl ess it tomorrow, we will go camp ing.人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达，常见动词有：like,love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think (认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need,hear, feel, see.女口： I

17、 really(hope) you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿)5. () -She's hardly seen to take her son to school,she ?-_ . she always drives her son Ping Ping to school.A. has, YesB. has , NoC. is, YesD. is, No,也可能经常发生。、一般过去时：表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，这种动作或状态可能是一次性%1表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时，时间状语有:女口： I got up at 6： 0

18、0 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)When he went into the room, he(see) a stranger talking with his father.%1表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时，时间状语有：yesterday, last (year等),in (1998等)。女口： He(come) to our city in the year 2000.(他 2000 年来到我们市)%1表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时，时间状语有：last., i n., from.to., for(10 years), often,usually,

19、sometimes, always, never 等。Mr. Jacks on usually(fly) to En gla nd when he was in his forties.He(study) in Beiji ng Uni versity for four years and now he works in our school.He(hear) from his mother last week and he(reply) to her letter yesterday.三、一般将来时：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。%1 一般将来时的时间状语有： The more c

20、areful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.%1用will构成的将来时，表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall用于第一人称，“will用于所有人称。女口： I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)%1“am/is/aregoing to+动词原形"表示打算或准备要做的事情，或者主观判断即将要发生的事情。女口： ItA going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了 )%1 shall和will在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall 一般与第一人称连用

21、，will与第二人称连用。Will you please ? Lefs, shall we?5.Don't forget to give my best wishes to your parents. -No, I.四、现在进行时：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。由"助动词be (am is are ) doing ”构成。%1 现在进行时的时间状语有：now, at prese nt, at the mome nt, these days等。如:-What are you doing these days?- 1(write) a

22、 long novel.The police(search) the house for the suspect at the moment.2. 表示即将发生的动作，一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：He(leave) soon.(他就要走了)3. 表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作，常与always等频度副词连用，以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向

23、我借钱，过一些时候就忘得一干二净)五、过去进行时：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。%1过去进行时由“ was/were现在分词”构成。%1 过去进行时的时间状语有：the n, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morni ng)及Sb was/ were doing sth whe n 从句过去时句型。=While sb was doing sth,主句一般过去时。女口： He （ cook） supper this time yesterday.（昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭）The girl w

24、ith two cats in the yard when the earthquake happened.=While the little girl with two cats was playine in the yard ,the earthquake happened.%1也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作，常与always等频度副词连用，以 表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。女口 ： He always （ borrow） money from me when he lived here.4. 【河北省 2011 I did n't hear you becaus

25、e I the n ews on the radio.A. listen to B. am listening to C. listened to D. was listening to六、现在完成时：表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作。%1表示开始在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能延续下去的动作。%1在完成时由"助动词have （ has） done"构成。%1表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时，时间状语有：already, just,（用于肯定句），yet,（用于否定 ,疑问句）， ever, never, once, twice, three time

26、s, before 等。如:Tom has never seen such fine pictures before,?She just （ go） to England,?%1表示在过去开始一直延续到现在（可能延续下去）的动作或状态时，时间状语有：for （twoyears） ,since 1990, since （two weeks ago ）禾口 since 弓丨导的状语从句。女口: Uncle Wang （stay） in the country since he was a child.5. have been to与have gone to的区别：have gone to sp （

27、"已经去了某地"表示在去的途中或已到达目的地），表示人不在这里,have been to sp （去过，到过某地，但已从某地回来了）表示人在这里。女口： -Where is Mr Li? -He has gone to the UK.（李先生在哪里？他去了英国。）Do you know something about Beijing? -Yes, I to Beijingthree times.（你知道北京的情况吗？是的，我去过那里三次。）在完成时中，一个瞬间性动词（一次性动作）不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表:瞬间性

28、动词的完成时延续性动词或状态动词的完成时have has（had）already just n evergone to.have has（ha d）bee n in / at.for +段时间come to.bee n heresince +过去点left.（地 点）bee n away（from+地点）sin ce+表过去的从句arrived.bee n in.diedbee n deadbegu nbee n onen dedbee n overbought.had.borrowed.kept.joi ned.bee n in .女口： I have been away from my h

29、ometown for thirty years.（我离开家乡有30 年了）=1 have been away from my hometown since thirty years ago.=1 let my hometown thirty years ago.或者使用下面这个句型：It is thirty years since I left my hometown注意在其它的时态中也存在类似问题，记住，关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如：How long have you kept the book?(句子中 keep 取代 了 borrow)七、过去完成时：过去完成时表示

30、过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。%1过去完成时由“助动词had+动词的过去分词"构成。%1 过去完成时时间状语有：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last.) 或者由 when, before 等引岀状语从句。有时句子中会有 already, just, on ce, ever, never等词语，也会有for.或si nee.构成的时间状语。女口 ： They had already finishedcleaning the classroom when their teacher

31、 came.(当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教室)The woma n(leave) before he realized she was a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了)%1过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中，或者从句是before引导的主句中。如：AfterI(put) on my shoes and hat, I walked into the dark ness.He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他说他以前从来没有见过袋鼠)八、过去将来时：过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或

32、存在的状态。%1过去将来时由“ would+动词原形"。%1 过去将来时常由于宾语从句中，时间状语有：later, soo n, the n ext (day).%1在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时，而应该使用一般过去时。如: He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.%1 表示纯粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/were going to (+动词原形)。如：She told me she(be) 18 the n ext m

33、on th.%1 She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.? Step Three巩固练习()1. 2011 河南省】-What did the policeman say to you just now?-He asked whe n the accide nt happe ned.A. what I was doing B. what was I doing C. what I am doing D. what am I doing()2. 2011 江苏徐州】一 Are you goi ng to th

34、e ban k, Laura?No, I to the bank already.A. have bee n B. have gone C. am goingD. had bee n()3. 2011 清远】Echo for half a mon th. She 9ll come hack in two mon ths.A. left B leave C. has left D. has bee n away()4. 2011 沈阳】Listen! The phone. Please go to answer it.A. ringsB. is ringingC. rangD. will rin

35、g()5. 2011 梧州】一 I don't know if Mr. Li to the party this evening.一 I think he will come if he free.A. will come; is B. will come; will be C. comes; isD. comes; will be()6. 201 !?广西柳州】一 You have found your lost umbrella, have n't you?Yes. I it behi nd the door this after noon.A. have foundB.

36、will findC. found D. was finding( )7.Half of the classmost of the work. Some of the work really difficult.A. have don e, is B. have done, are C. has don e, is D. has done, are()8. 2011 青岛】Hello! I'm very glad to see you. When you here?A. did; arriveB, will; arrive C. have; arrived D. are; arrivi

37、 ng()9. 2011 陕西】Drivi ng after drin ki ng wi nein Chi na.A. allows B. does n't allow C. is allowedD. is n't allowed()10. 2011 四川达州】一Do you know Lucy's gran dma?一 Of course. She is a kind woman, but she has for about a month since she in the accident.A. bee n dead; was killedB. died; was

38、killedC. bee n dead; killedD. died; killed()11. 2011 江苏镇江】The cakes in the restaura nt , so they well.A. are tasted better; are sold B. are tasted well; sellC. taste terrible; are sold D. taste ni ce; sell()12. The thief was no ticed the office build ing by the back door on thescree n.A. en terB. en ter into C. to en ter D. to en ter into()13 一 Shall we meet at the station at 8 am?In fact, we. The train un til 10 a.m.A. must n