语法导学案-定语从句

1、定语从句专题复习学习目标: 1.熟练指出定语从句的相关术语。 2.只能用that，which，as的情况。3.准确选择关系代词或关系副词。 4.掌握介词+which的情况 考点一：还记得哪些情况只能用that,哪些情况只能用which 吗？1. All _ is needed is money.2.The thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.3. He was looking pleasantly at the kids and presents_ filled his car.4. Which are books _yo

2、u bought for me?5. She failed the exam, _ made her parents very angry.6. My glasses, without_ , I was like a blind man.7. He is the only boy _ entered the Beijing University in Xinzhou.考点二：先行词为时间、地点、原因名词时，何时用when, where, why引导定从，何时用which/that引导定从?1. This is the house _he lived 10 years ago.2. This i

3、s the house_ he bought 10 years ago.3. I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.4. I will never forget the day _ I spent with you in Beijing.5. I dont believed the reason _ he was late for school.6. I dont believed the reason _ he gave me for his absence.归纳：_。考点三：“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词的

4、宾语时，为了使介宾关系紧密，常把介词提至关系代词之前，构成介词+关系代词+定从这样的结构1. The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school_ he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。2. This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy _I played tennis yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。温馨提示：1、若

5、介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用_，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用_，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用_。2、介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.   （有些同学在写作中会写both of them , 为什么不行？）In the basket there are quite many apples,

6、 some of which have gone bad.    练习：根据提示完成句子。 The old man has two sons, neither of          is a soldier.（两个都不是是士兵）考点四：关系代词as引导限制性定语从句当先行词被the same和such修饰时，用_引导定语从句。Eg:1. Ive never heard such stories _he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。2. This is the

7、 same dictionary _I lost last week.  这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 （比较：这就是我上星期丢失的那部字典。 This is the same dictionary _ I lost last week. ）考点五： 引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句意思的关系代词有as 和which.1._ is known to all, students in Class 6 study very hard.2. Beijing is the capital of China, _ is known to all.3. He came here very la

8、te, _ was unexpected.4. She loves her youngest son best, _ , of course , makes her other children jealous(嫉妒).温馨提示：a. 位置上的区别：as引导的非限制性定语从句可以位于句首，而which引导的则不能。b. 意义区别：译为“正如”时优先 as ，也可用 which 。没有这个意思的用which。c. 非限制定语从句是否定句或表示否定意思时， 只能用which.d. as构成的一些固定结构：as everybody can see as we all know as is well-

9、known as we had expected as often happens 难点一：当先行词是situation, occasion, case, activity, stage, degree, point且又在从句中作状语时，常用关系副词来引导定语从句。situation/case/activity/stage-where( in which ) point-where ( at which)degree-where ( to which) occasion-when ( on which)/ where1. Sometimes you will find yourself in

10、a situation where you felt very embarrassed.2. He has reached a point where nobody can compare with him.*注意：当先行词作从句的主语或宾语时，则用which/that来引导定从。I can think of many cases that you know nothing about.高考真题：1. I have reach a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decision of my own.2. - Do you have anyth

11、ing to say for yourself? -Yes, there is one point _ we must insist on.3. Occasions _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids are quite rare.难点二： 当先行词被one of修饰时，若one of前有the only, the very则从句的谓语动词用单数，没有的话则用复数。1. He is one of the students who _(be) never late. 译成汉语：_2. He is the only one of t

12、he students who _ (be) never late.译成汉语：_3. That is one of the books that _（be） required for study at school. 4 .This is the only one of the rooms that_(be) free now.5. She is one&#

13、160;of the few persons who _(know) Spanish .  难点三 ：当先行词是way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时,关联词可用in which或that,也可以省略。例如: That was the way(in which / that) she worked the problem out. 她就是用那种办法解决问题的。难点四：定语从句与4种句型的差异：1、 定语从句与并列句。 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 1. Mr. Li has three dau

14、ghters, none of _ is an engineer 2. Mr. Li has three daughters, but none of _ is a dancer 3. Mr. Li has three daughters; _ are doctors 小结：定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。二、定语从句与地点状语从句。 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 1. Rice doesnt grow well _ there is not enough water 2. I

15、still remember the farm _ my parents worked ten years ago 小结: 定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于：定语从句有表示地点的_，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词which”来代替where，而地点状语从句则通常只能由 where引导。难点五：以下是同学们使用定语从句时常犯的错误，如何改错？1、宾语重复。如：This is the book that my father bought it for me.2、主句不完整。如： A balanced diet which is good for our health.

16、 My desk mate, Liming ,who is a kind boy.3、定从中的主谓不一致。如：Anyone who want to attend the party will be welcome.4、定从运用不当，显得累赘又牵强。如：The girl who is pretty is my sister. Wang Yaping who is a woman was born in Shandong.巩固练习，全面突破一、填入适当的连接词。1. Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselv

17、es differently.2. Those successful deaf dancers _ sight matters more than hearing touched thousands of people.3. I admire her. I can remember very few occasions _ she stopped working because of ill health.4. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their villages for a better li

18、fe in the city.5. Mr. Wang is a boss,                     factory Li Ping worked in.6.The island,           is at the mouth of the river, is being developed as

19、a scenic spot.7.The man you shook hands with just now is the head of our department.8.The room my family live used to be a garage.9.This is the best film          has ever been made. 10.The small doll is the only one of toys      he loves i

20、n the room . 11.We still remember the time _we spent in Paris.12.There was a time_we had no radio, no telephones or no TV sets.二、高考真题填空。1. My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _ I was the first Western TV reporter.2. Simon is a comedian and actor _has 10 year

21、s experience of teaching comedy.3. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of _have never before been published.4. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, _lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C, influence

22、d the development of chopsticks.5. When I was 13, my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant beating out Miller King, _was the best player at our school.6. I live next door to a couple_children often make a lot of noise.7. I prefer to work in black and white, _ allows me

23、 to show different specific worlds more clearly.8. Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), _has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.9. The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite. 改错_10. Many young people, most of_were well-educated，headed f

24、or remote regions to chase their dreams.11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _ has been proved.12. The number of smokers, _ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.13. It is a truly delightful place, _ looks the same as it must have don

25、e 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.14. Creating an atmosphere in _ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.15. He wrote many childrens books, nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s.16. The books on the desk, _ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.17. Some expe

26、rts think reading is the fundamental skill upon_school education depends.18. China Today attracts a worldwide readership, _ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.19. The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.20. I borrowed the book

27、 Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me.21. A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.22. Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.23. Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the p

28、oor children, _ is quite unexpected.24. Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.25. Opposite is St. Pauls Church, _ you can hear some lovely music.26. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _he should be able to be independ

29、ent.27. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.28. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _ a good impression is a must.29. Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experi

30、ence for growth.30. I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.三、语篇填空（在设空处填入一个适当的关系代词或关系副词，使文章结构完整，语意通顺）。There was a time 1 I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this is the reason 2 my fa

31、ther forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, 3 I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, 4 teacher was Li Yang, communicated with me

32、 face to face, from 5 I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6 we did. My father and the guide 7 encourage

33、d me to fall in love with English should be appreciated. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8 I put my entire energy. Every day I will read my words and passages aloud. In class I will join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I will recall my passages, through 9 I can memoriz

34、e a large number of new words. 10 our English teacher says, “As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, we will conquer English sooner or later.”四、句子翻译。1、众所周知，广州在2010年成功地主办了亚运会。_2、我试戴了三顶帽子，没有一顶合适。_3、这就是你能在上面找到答案的那一页._4、他已不是过去的他了。_5、人们会永远记住香港回归祖国的那一时刻。_6、你知道她的哥哥

35、与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？_定语从句答案考点一 1 that 2 that 3 that 4 that 5 which 6 which 7 that (/ who) 考点二 1 in which/where 2 that/which/不填 3 when 4 that/which 5 why 6 that 考点三 1 where/ in which 2 with whom 1 whom which whose 2 whom 考点四 as as as that 考点五 As as which which 难点一: 1 where 2 that/ which 3 when 难点二 ：1 are

36、2 is 3.are 4. is 5.know难点四： 一、whom them they 二、where , where 名词/代词 难点五：1 去掉it 2 去掉which 去掉who 3 want -wants 4 The pretty girl is my sister. Wang Yaping is a woman born in Shandong. 巩固练习： 一 1where 2 whose 3 when 4whom 5whose 6 which 7 (who/whom/that) 8 where 9that 10 that 11 (that/which) 12when 二 1wh

37、en由句子结构可以判断这是一个定语从句，先行词是表示时间的in the mid-1980s，从句中缺少状语，因此填写关系副词when。 2who/that考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是a comedian and actor，在从句中做主语，所以用who或者that。 3which考查定语从句。介词后跟关系代词，先行词为images，所以用which。 4who考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，故用who。 5who考查定语从句。先行词为Miller King，故用who。 6whose考查定语从句。句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为coupl

38、e，由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose。 7which考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是前面的整个句子。 8which考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是melatonin。 9whatwhich/that或去掉what考查定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指物，用关系代词that/which，也可省略。 10whom考查定语从句的用法。句意：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐他们的梦想，他们中的很多人都受过良好教育。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为Many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。 11whi

39、ch考查定语从句。句意：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣会流泪的理论，其中没有一个已被证明的。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，此处是非限制性定语从句，which代替many theories，故应用 which引导该定语从句。 12. as句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导的定语从句，在这里作主语，意为“正如，这一点”，代替整个主句的内容。13which句意：这真是一个令人开心的地方，它看起来和一百年前一模一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小屋。which代替先行词place，在定语从句中用作主语，引导非限制性定语从句。不可用that。14which句意：创造一种使员

40、工感到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一大挑战。先行词为an atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，此处in which相当于where。作介词宾语不可用that。15which句意：他写了很多的儿童书，其中接近一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语。此处关系代词which代指前面的books，作介词of的宾语。16whose考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。本题考查非限制性定语从句的连接词，先行词为the books，和covers之间是所有关系，故用whose。17which句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育

41、所依赖的基本技能。 考查定语从句。depend on/upon依靠，依赖，介词后只能用which或whom来构成定语从句的引导词， 先行词为物，故用which。18which句意：中国日报吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，用which来引导。19which/that/不填考查定语从句。句意：Angela和她的家人一起呆在中国的那一年是2008年。先行词the exact year在定语从句中作spent的宾语且指物，故用which也可用that或省略。20which考查非限制性定语从句。句意：上个星期，我从图书馆借了同学给我推荐的大侦探福尔摩斯。先行词the book在定语从句中作recommend的宾语，所以要用关系代词，先行词是物，故用which。21whose考查定语从句。句意：利润来源于国内市场且在下降的公司可以到国外寻