实用英文写作HowtoSupportanAgrument

1、How to Develop a ParagraphBasic Structure of a Typical Paragraph Topic sentence (one sentence only) ：highlight the central point of this paragraph, serve to support an argument. 中心句（只写一句）：突出段落的中心思想，用来支持一个论点。 Supporting sentences ：sentences for the extension, explanation and justification of the topi

2、c sentence ( 3 sentences if the main body is composed of 3 paragraphs, and 4 to 5 sentences if 2 paragraphs). 支持句：拓展、解释和论证中心句的句子（如果主题部分由三段组成，每段要写三句；如果主体部分由两段组成，每段要写四到五句）。 When you write an argument, you must try to convince your reader that your points are correct. To do so you must provde strong su

3、pport for your arguments. Here are some ways of supporting an argument: 1) Supporting an argument by definition. 2) Supporting an argument by giving relevant and accurate reasons or facts as evidence. 3) Supporting an argument by giving examples. 4) Supporting an argument by giving a quotation. 5) S

4、upporting by comparison and contrast. 6) Supporting by extension (延伸中心句) and explanation. 7) Supporitn by sorting (分类).Supporting by definition How to make a definition:Method 1: the genus / difference definitionExample: An apple is a kind of fruit that is eatable.Fruit is the genus (i.e. a larger c

5、lass) to which apples belong. that is eatable is the difference. Method 2: Definition by example An entrepreneur is someone like my friend Jack Kolln, who bought a rundown farm, planted four acres of grapes, taught himself wine-making, and built the first winery in central Pennsylvania.Supporting by

6、 Giving Examples Revolution which overthrow despotic 专制暴君的 government by violent means often end by establishing another kind of despotism. A good example is the French Revolution of 1798, which began as an expression of democratic will, and ended by establishing Napolean as Emperor of the French.Su

7、pporting by Giving Quotations Solomon said, Spare the rod and spoil the child. Children dont change. They are the same now as they were in his time.Supporting by Mentioning a SourceRecent references in the New Scientist indicate that lung cancer is ten times higher among smokers than non-smokers.Acc

8、ording to statistics published recently in China that up to 55% of fatal road accidents involve alcohol.As Professor Hones points out that in an increasingly technological society, some form of tertiary training is fast becoming essential. More sentence patternsThe results of a recent public opinion

9、 poll revealed.The work of scientists in this country confirms the view that.Experimental work undertaken in this country suggests that.Official reports indicate that.Studies in this field have shown that.An article in the New Scientist recently demonstrated this point. Another example: Do the posit

10、ive effects of advertising outweigh its negative effects? 1. One of the main functions of advertising is to assist consumers to find and buy suitable products. 主体部分第一段：广告的一个主要功能是帮助消费者找到并购买合适的产品。 2. Meanwhile, advertising serves to stimulate consumption and contributes to economic development. 主体部分第二

11、段：同时，广告可以刺激消费，对经济发展作出贡献。 3. Despite its importance, there is no denying that every now and then, advertising leads consumers into an impulsive purchase, thereby causing wasteful spending. 主体部分第三段：尽管广告如此重要，但无可置疑的是，有时广告会误导消费者乱买东西，从而导致浪费。 Body Pargraph 1: One of the main functions of advertising is to

12、assist consumers to find and buy suitable products. Supporting sentence 1: Common knowledge is that advertising refers to presenting information relating to a product of service by a variety of media, such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, brochures, and so forth. 大意：广告就是通过不同的媒体，比如电视、收音机、

13、报纸、杂志、小册子，诸如此类，发布有关产婆或者服务的信息。 这一句话用的是definition和examples，即解释中心句意思和举例的方法，来解释广告一般借助什么媒体。 Supporting sentence 2: With the presence of advertising, a consumer is able to acquire the latest information in the market, such as properties of a product or service, and thereby make a wiser buying decision. （大

14、意：有了广告的存在，消费者可以获得市场最新的信息，包括产品或者服务的特点，由此作出更明智的购买决定。） 这一句话用extension（延伸的方法阐述广告所具备的作用；用examples（举例）的方法来解释广告可以给消费 者提供什么重要信息。 Supporting sentence 3: By contrast, without advertising, a consumer is at the risk of purchasing a product that fails to meet all of his or her needs, because of lack of knowledge

15、 of better alternatives in the market. 大意：相对而言，如果没有广告的话，消费者因缺乏对市场上更好产品的认识，有可能购买一件不能满足自己需要的产品。 这一句话用的是 contrasting (对比）的手法，阐述如果没有广告消费者会受到的影响。 One of the main functions of advertising is to assist consumers to find and buy suitable products. Common knowledge is that advertising refers to presenting in

16、formation relating to a product of service by a variety of media, such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, brochures, and so forth. With the presence of advertising, a consumer is able to acquire the latest information in the market, such as properties of a product or service, and thereby m

17、ake a wiser buying decision. By contrast, without advertising, a consumer is at the risk of purchasing a product that fails to meet all of his or her needs, because of lack of knowledge of better alternatives in the market. Body paragraph 2: Topic sentence: Meanwhile, advertising serves to stimulate

18、 consumption and contributes to economic development. Supporting sentence 1: As said before, advertising is responsible to introduce a product, but in reality, it does more than that. 大意：正如上面所提到的，广告的责任在于介绍一个产品，然而事实上，它的作用远远不止这些. 这一句话用的是explanation即解释中心句 意思的方法。 Supporting sentences 2 & 3 Advertisi

19、ng describes a product in such an impressive way and with adding so many visual that it always succeeds in attracting the eye of the audience and driving them into a final purchase. Besides, advertising reminds intended customers of their existing needs or creates fresh needs, keeping them aware tha

20、t only by purchasing a product can their needs be met. 大意：广告用给人影响深刻的方法描述产品，并增添许多视觉上的吸引，以至于它经常可以成功地吸引消费者的视线，驱使他们购买产品。此外，广告还提醒目标顾客他们现在的需要或者产生新的需要，让他们意识到只有购买某一产品，他们的需要才能得到满足。 这一句话用的是sorting，即分类的方法，说明广告因为两个不同的原因而促使人们消费。 Supporting Sentence 4By these two approaches, advertising encourages spending and co

21、ntributes to economic development. 大意：通过这两种途径，广告带动消费并促进经济发展。这一句话用的是extension，即扩展的方法，解释广告对经济带来的影响。到目前为止，第二段话就写完了。除了examples（举例）和contrasting（对比）的方法之外，其他的方法都用了。 Paragraph 3 Topic sentence: Despite its importance, there is no denying that every now and then, advertising leads consumers into an impulsive

22、 purchase, thereby causing wasteful spending. Supporting sentence 1: It is a shared convention in the advertising industry that some properties of a product are highlighted while the others are simplified. 大意：广告业有一个共同的传统，即突出产品的一些特性，而对其他特性轻描淡写。 这一句话用的是explanation（解释）的方法，解释广告误导的性质。 Supporting Sentence 2:A product, when promoted well