高中语文 异彩纷呈 千姿百态 传记体类举隅 启功传奇课件 苏教版选修《传记选读》 (236)

1、一、派生词一、派生词(一)后缀法1.变名词(1)-ence,-ance结尾的名词:存在existexistence 发生occuroccurrence查阅/参考referreference 更喜欢/偏好preferpreference考点清单考点清单不同differdifference接受acceptacceptance出现/外表appearappearance 履行performperformance抵制resistresistance指导guideguidance进入enterentrance保险insureinsurance帮助assistassistance 忍受 endureendu

2、rance/toleratetolerance 典例1Youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future (refer).参考答案reference解析句意:为了以后参考,你最好记下那个饭馆的电话号码。reference参考。(2)-tion,-sion结尾的名词:生产produceproduction介绍introduceintroduction 消费consumeconsumption 减少reducereduction 认为/假设assumeassumption/supposesupposition

3、毁灭 destroydestruction描写describedescription打断 interruptinterruption 采纳/收养 adoptadoption防止 preventprevention接收/接待处receivereception解决 solvesolution进化evolveevolution 建议 suggestsuggestion编辑/版本 editedition展览 exhibitexhibition 打算/意图 intendintention认出recognizerecognition 解释/定义 definedefinition 保护 protectpro

4、tection方向/指导directdirection指令 instructinstruction建设constructconstruction注射 injectinjection感染 infectinfection驳斥 rejectrejection反对 objectobjection/opposeopposition连接connectconnection收集 collectcollection纠正 correctcorrection 视察 inspectinspection挑选selectselection选举 electelection限制 restrictrestriction抵触/矛

5、盾contradictcontradiction 保留 reservereservation保存 preservepreservation保护conserveconservation观察observeobservation挨饿starvestarvation组织organizeorganization文明 civilizecivilization认识 realizerealization考试examineexamination 决定determinedetermination形成formformation 通知 informinformation 想象 imagineimagination 运

6、输transporttransportation 邀请inviteinvitation 期待expectexpectation诱惑 tempttemptation 改编/适应 adaptadaptation移民 immigrateimmigration模仿 imitateimitation准备preparepreparation探索exploreexploration考虑considerconsideration宣布 declaredeclaration装饰 decoratedecoration 激发/灵感 inspireinspiration放松/休闲 relaxrelaxation交流co

7、mmunicatecommunication占用/职业 occupyoccupation满足satisfysatisfaction 申请/应用 applyapplication暗示 implyimplication 推荐 recommendrecommendation口译/理解 interpretinterpretation结合 combinecombination 操作/手术 operateoperation 犹豫hesitatehesitation教育educateeducation 定位 locatelocation指出 indicateindication参加 participatep

8、articipation计算 calculatecalculation欣赏/感激appreciateappreciation联想/协会 associateassociation 分离 separateseparation冬眠 hibernatehibernation赔偿 compensatecompensation 调查 investigateinvestigation庆祝 celebratecelebration祝贺 congratulatecongratulation翻译 translatetranslation积累 accumulateaccumulation加速 acceleratea

9、cceleration捐赠 donatedonation解放liberateliberation动力motivatemotivation革新innovateinnovation集中concentrateconcentration游行/示威 demonstratedemonstration 贡献contributecontribution 分发 distributedistribution促进 promotepromotion 致力 devotedevotion/dedicatededication沮丧 frustratefrustration/depressdepression印象impres

10、simpression表达expressexpression拥有/财产possesspossession讨论discussdiscussion扩大 expandexpansion延伸extendextension承认 admitadmission允许 permitpermission排放 emitemission爆炸explodeexplosion结论concludeconclusion决定 decidedecision划分dividedivision迷惑confuseconfusion典例典例2 (2014安徽,29)Why not buy a second-hand car first i

11、f you dont have enough money for a new one?Thats a good (suggest).参考答案suggestion解析句意:如果你没有足够的钱买辆新车的话,为什么不先买辆二手车呢?那个建议不错。根据句子结构可推知设空处需用名词形式,设空处前有不定冠词,故设空处填suggestion。(3)-ment结尾的名词:广告 advertiseadvertisement同意 agreeagreement惊奇amazeamazement 吃惊 astonishastonishment通告announceannouncement 安排 arrangearrang

12、ement评估assessassessment 发展 developdevelopment失望disappointdisappointment雇用/就业employemployment鼓舞 encourageencouragement款待/娱乐entertainentertainment装备 equipequipment统治/政府governgovernment改进improveimprovement 投资 investinvestment卷入 involveinvolvement 管理 managemanagement惩罚 punishpunishment要求 requirerequirem

13、ent退休 retireretirement定居/定居处settlesettlement阐述/陈述 statestatement 对待/治疗treattreatment以为基础/地下室basebasement人行道 pavepavement完成/成就achieveachievement/accomplishaccomplishment(4)-ness结尾的名词:adj.n.意识awareawareness/consciousconsciousness苦bitterbitterness盲目blindblindness冷静 calmcalmness聪明 clevercleverness疯狂craz

14、ycraziness渴望 eagereagerness公平fairfairness 愚蠢 foolishfoolishness适合 fitfitness幸福/愉快happyhappiness疾病illillness友好 kindkindness懒惰 lazylaziness孤单lonelyloneliness宁静 quietquietness悲伤 sadsadness严重性 seriousseriousness甜美sweetsweetness稳定 steadysteadiness厚度thickthickness累 tiredtiredness弱点 weakweakness冷/冷淡 coldco

15、ldness惶恐不安nervousnervousness思乡 homesickhomesickness 粗心 carelesscarelessness自私selfishselfishness 无私selflessselflessness/unselfishunselfishness 无助/无望helplesshelplessness/hopelesshopelessness 典例典例3A proposal has been put forward at a recent video conference that mea-sures be taken to raise the citizens

16、 (aware)of traffic safety.参考答案awareness解析句意:在最近的一次电视会议上提出了一项新的建议,必须采取措施来提高人们对交通安全的意识。根据语境和设空处前的名词所有格可知此处需要名词形式awareness.(5)-age结尾的名词:婚姻marrymarriage短缺shortshortage储存storestorage包裹packpackage车厢carrycarriage通道passpassage(6)-th结尾的名词:温暖warmwarmth真理truetruth死亡deaddeath生长growgrowth(7)-ure结尾的名词:快乐pleaseple

17、asure离开departdeparture暴露exposeexposure压力presspressure失败failfailure混合mixmixture签名signsignature(8)-ce结尾的名词:adj.n.缺席 absentabsence 出席presentpresence信心 confidentconfidence 方便 convenientconvenience不同differentdifference 勤奋 diligentdiligence远的/距离distantdistance明显的/证据evidentevidence优秀excellentexcellence重要im

18、portantimportance独立 independentindependence天真/无辜innocentinnocence智力 intelligentintelligence 刚正 justjustice耐心patientpatience浪漫 romanticromance沉默silentsilence暴力violentviolence v.n.冒犯 offendoffence 防御 defenddefense(AmE)defence(BrE)建议 adviseadvice设施 devisedevice(9)-dom结尾的名词:自由freefreedom王国kingkingdom智慧w

19、isewisdom(10)-hood结尾的名词:孩童时代childhood男孩时代boyhood邻里neighborhood(11)-ship结尾的名词:所有权ownership锦标赛championship友谊friendship手艺craftsmanship奖学金scholarship领导才能leadership艰难hardship关系relationship典例典例4Im not sure how much (school)you will receive,but it will rough-ly cover your major expenses.参考答案scholarship解析句意

20、:我不确定你能获得多少奖学金,但是大体上够你的主要开支。根据语境和设空前的how much可知此处需要一个不可数名词scholarship。(12)-ing结尾的名词:农业farming变暖warming园艺gardening学业schooling绘画painting意思meaning绘画drawing训练training录音tape-recording衣物clothing感觉feeling十字路口crossing薪水earnings问候greetings储蓄savings所发生的事情happenings发现findings财产belongings痛苦sufferings贡品offerings

21、环境surroundings保龄球bowling举重weight-lifting射击shooting摔跤wrestling典例典例5The Internet allows us quick access to all the data and research (find)in the fields available worldwide.参考答案findings解析句意:因特网使得我们能够快速利用全世界范围内某些领域所有的资料数据和研究发现。根据语境和设空前的名词修饰词research可知此处需要用名词形式,且应该是名词的复数形式findings。2.变形容词(1)-y结尾的形容词:n.ad

22、j.阳光灿烂的sunsunny 多雨的rainrainy被雪覆盖的snowsnowy有风的windwindy有暴风雨的stormstormy寒冷的chillchilly 多雾的fogfoggy有霜的frostfrosty 冰冷的iceicy阴沉的gloomgloomy布满星星的starstarry泥泞的mudmuddy布满灰尘的dustdusty脏的dirtdirty健康的healthhealthy富有的wealthwealthy 霸道的bossbossy臭的smellsmelly美味的tastetasty咸的saltsalty皮包骨的skinskinny贪婪的greedgreedy迅速的sp

23、eedspeedy狡猾的/棘手的tricktrickyv.adj.爱挑剔的choosechoosy/pickpicky黏的sticksticky悦耳易记的 catchcatchy害怕的 scarescary滑溜的slipslippery典例典例6The point is that you should be happy with what you already have and not risk losing it by being (greed)and trying to get more.参考答案greedy解析句意:重点是你应该对已经拥有的感到满意,而不是冒着失去它的风险贪婪地想要得到

24、更多。本题考查形容词。根据句意可知要用形容词形式。greedy贪婪的。(2)-al,-ial结尾的形容词:n.adj.全球的globeglobal文化的 culturecultural农业的 agricultureagricultural情景的situationsituational有条件的 conditionconditional环境的environmentenvironmental化学的chemistrychemical 医学的medicinemedical原始的originoriginal政治的politicspolitical实际的practicepractical 理论的 theor

25、ytheoretical音乐的 musicmusical 感情的 emotionemotional国家的nationnational自然的naturenatural个人的personpersonal 偶尓的occasionoccasional精神上的mindmental 身体上的physicsphysical偶然的accidentaccidental教育的educationeducational技术上的techniquetechnical心理上的 psychologypsychological沿海的 coastcoastal种族的raceracial面部的 facefacial工业的indus

26、tryindustrial金融的financefinancial商业的commercecommercial官方的officeofficial有益的 benefitbeneficial典型的typetypical有影响的 influenceinfluential(3)-ful,-less结尾的形容词:感激的thankthankful=grateful充足的plentyplentiful美丽的 beautybeautiful成功的successsuccessful可怕的aweawful忠实的faithfaithful和平的 peacepeaceful高兴的 joyjoyful/cheercheer

27、ful=enjoyable非常干净的spotspotless无休止的endendless 无家可归的 homehomeless无工作的 jobjobless=unemployed身无分文的pennypenniless无私的 selfselfless=unselfish无目标的 aimaimless无线的 wirewireless无限的 limitlimitless珍贵的/无价的pricepriceless=invaluable毫无价值的 valuevalueless/worthworthless无语的 speechspeechless上气不接下气的breathbreathless小心的,粗心的

28、 carecareful,careless多彩的,无色的colorcolorful,colorless有用的,无用的useuseful,useless成果丰硕的,无成效的fruitfruitful,fruitless强大的,无能力的powerpowerful,powerless有意义的,无意义的meaningmeaningful,meaningless=pointless=senseless痛苦的,不痛的painpainful,painless后悔的,无悔的regretregretful,regretless有害的,无害的harmharmful,harmless闲适宁静的,躁动不安的restr

29、estful,restless优雅的,粗鲁的gracegraceful,graceless抱有希望的,无望的hopehopeful,hopeless有帮助的/愿意帮忙的,无助的 helphelpful,helpless考虑周到的/不周到的 thoughtthoughtful,thoughtless典例典例7The real secret to (success)learning lies in students taking an in-terest in what they are doing.参考答案successful解析句意:成功学习的真正秘诀就在于学生们对自己学习的东西感兴趣。根据语

30、境可知此处需要形容词形式来修饰后面的名词learning,所以参考答案为successful。(4)-(i)ous结尾的形容词:n.adj.许多的numbernumerous多山的mountainmountainous冒险的adventureadventurous 紧张的 nervenervous有毒的 poisonpoisonous 危险的dangerdangerous灾难的disasterdisastrous小心的cautioncautious营养的 nutritionnutritious宗教的 religionreligious宽敞的 spacespacious有抱负的 ambition

31、ambitious 神秘的 mysterymysterious典例典例8They are still very (caution)about what side effect the new medicine will bring about,although the experts have tried it on about 2000 pa-tients.参考答案cautious解析句意:尽管专家已经在大约2千个病人身上实验过了,但他们仍然对这种新药会带来什么样的副作用很谨慎。根据语境和设空前的be very可知此处需要用形容词形式cautious.(5)-able,-(s)ible 结尾

32、的形容词:(不)可预见的 predict(un)predictable(不)可避免的 avoid(un)avoidable(不)可忘的forget(un)forgettable(不)想要的desire(un)desirable(不)舒服的comfort(un)comfortable有(不)利的favor(un)favorable(不)合适的suit(un)suitable(不)可忍受的bear(un)bearable(不)可忍受的endure(un)endurable(不)可信的believe(un)believable(不)可信的credit(in)credible(不)可接近的 acces

33、s(in)accessible看(不)见的view(in)visible(不)可治愈的cure(in)curable支付得起的affordaffordable适应力强的adaptadaptable可更新的renewrenewable便携的portportable多变的changechangeable可吃的eateatable可依靠的relyreliable可行的 workworkable有价值的valuevaluable合理的reasonreasonable高兴的enjoyenjoyable流行的 fashionfashionable典例典例9My mom once worked in a v

34、ery small village school,which is (ac-cess)only on foot.参考答案accessible解析句意:我妈妈曾经在一所很小的乡村学校工作过,那儿只能步行才能够进入。根据语境和设空前的系动词is可知此处需要用形容词形式accessible.(6)-tive结尾的形容词:v.adj.多产的produceproductive迷人的attractattractive有创造力的createcreative 保护的protectprotective预防性的preventpreventative健谈的talktalkative可供替代的alteralterna

35、tive相关的 relaterelative 有教育意义的instructinstructive有竞争力的competecompetitiven.adj.有效的effecteffective贵的expenseexpensive(7)-tic,-fic结尾的形容词:系统的systemsystematic 科学的 sciencescientific戏剧般的dramadramatic浪漫的 romanceromantic有同情心的 sympathysympathetic精力充沛的energyenergetic(8)-en结尾的形容词:羊毛的 woolwoolen金色的 goldgolden木制的 w

36、oodwooden(9)以-some结尾的形容词:英俊的 handhandsome 令人惊叹的 aweawesome令人烦恼的 troubletroublesome烦人的 tiretiresome(10)-ly结尾的形容词:致命的deaddeadly活跃的 livelively友好的 friendfriendly 兄弟般的brotherbrotherly有次序的 orderorderly昂贵的 costcostly每月的monthmonthly每天的daydaily典例典例10You had better set aside some time every day for sports so

37、that you can keep yourself (energy).参考答案energetic解析句意:你最好每天都留出点时间来进行体育活动,这为的是你能保持精力充沛。根据语境和分析结构可知设空处应该是作宾语,应该用形容词形式energetic来说明宾语的状态。3.变动词(1)-fy结尾的动词:净化purepurify 简化simplesimplify美化 beautifulbeautify使合理化 justjustify使恐惧terribleterrify使震惊horriblehorrify合格化qualityqualify分类classclassify认出 identityidenti

38、fy(2)-ize结尾的动词:adj.v.认识到 realrealize 使现代化modernmodernize使工业化industrialindustrialize使普及 popularpopularize集权centralcentralize使全球化 globalglobalize使理想化 idealidealize使稳定 stablestabilize 使正常化normalnormalize社会化socialsocialize 使专门化specialspecializen.v.使物质化materialmaterialize总结summarysummarize记忆memorymemoriz

39、e典例典例11Regardless of how you think of yourself,your social habits can easily become the thing that (identity)you.参考答案identify解析句意:不管你认为自己如何,你在社交方面的习惯很容易成为给你定位的东西。分析句子结构可知that引导的定语从句修饰先行词the thing,设空处是从句的谓语动词,所以参考答案为identify。(3)-en结尾的动词:变暗darkdarken加快quickquicken削尖 sharpsharpen削弱 weakweaken松开 looselo

40、osen变紧 tighttighten软化 softsoften使更明亮brightbrighten恶化 badworsen减少littlelessen减轻/变亮lightlighten变黑blackblacken加宽broadbroaden缩短 shortshortenadj.n.v.加深 deepdepthdeepen 加长longlengthlengthen加宽widewidthwiden 加高highheightheighten加强 strongstrengthstrengthen(4)-e结尾的动词(注意发音变化):n.v.洗澡bathbathe呼吸breathbreathe给穿衣c

41、lothclothe典例典例12Our bodies are (strong)by taking regular exercise.Similarly,our minds are developed through learning.参考答案strengthened解析句意:我们的身体靠经常锻炼来得到增强,同样,我们的大脑要通过学习来得到开发。根据语境可知此处需要用被动语态,所以设空处应该是动词形式strengthened。(二)前缀法1.超过over-:无意中听到overhear超过overtake睡过头oversleep推翻overthrow/overturn人口过剩overpopulat

42、ion克服overcome忽略/俯视overlook2.重新re-:康复/找回recover脱(衣服等)/移开remove续借/更换/续签renew回收利用recycle替代replace使恢复精力 refresh改革 reform温习review典例典例13Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to (call)the soul of Qu Yuan.参考答案recall解析句意:传说端午节的起源是为了召回屈原的灵魂。根据语境可知此处表示“召回,使想起”,故填recall。3.前的fore-:预告 foret

43、ell前额 forehead预报forecast预知 foresee4.前的pre-:前提precondition预告 predict战前的 pre-war幼儿园preschool预演preview5.前的ex-:前妻ex-wife前总统 ex-president6.后的post-:战后的 post-war研究生 postgraduate7.多的multi-:多媒体的multimedia多元文化的multicultural多项选择的 multiple-choice8.远的tele-:电话telephone电视television电报telegram电信telecommunications望远镜

44、telescope9.相互的inter-:面试interview国际的international互联网Internet相互作用 interact10.微小的micro-:麦克风microphone微波microwave微软microsoft显微镜microscope11.自动的auto-:汽车automobile自传autobiography亲笔签名autograph自动地automatically12.副的vice-:副总统 vice-president副总理 vice-premier13.生态的 eco-:生态学 ecology生态系统 ecosystem生态友好的 eco-friendl

45、y典例典例14It is generally admitted that a knowledge of English is a must in the (nation)trade for todays China.参考答案international解析句意:人们公认掌握英语是今日中国国际贸易的必须。根据语境可知此处需要用形容词来修饰后面的名词trade。14.中国的Sino-:中日的Sino-Japanese中石化 Sinopec15.潜/次一级 sub-:潜意识(的)subconscious亚热带的 subtropical地铁subway潜水艇submarine郊区的suburban副标题

46、subtitle16.半semi-:半熟练的 semi-skilled半决赛semi-final17.三tri-:三轮车tricycle三角形 triangle18.横跨trans-:转移 transfer转变transform传播transmit移植 transplant(三)否定的前缀或后缀1.in-,im-/il-,ir-不活跃的inactive不贵的 inexpensive缺乏经验的 inexperienced随便的 informal不完整的incomplete不方便的inconvenient独立的independent间接的indirect不重要的 insignificant无能力的

47、 incapable/incompetent不合适的improper/inappropriate不精确的inaccurate/incorrect/inexact不充足的inadequate/insufficient不成熟的immature不耐烦的impatient不完美的imperfect不可能的impossible不礼貌的impolite不合逻辑的illogical不合法的illegal不规则的irregular不负责的 irresponsible2.un-不寻常的unusual不安的uneasy不公平的unfair/unjust不知道的unaware/unconscious不确定的unce

48、rtain不受欢迎的unpopular不普通的uncommon不愉快的unpleasant不重要的unimportant不必要的unnecessary不成功的unsuccessful没被注意的unnoticed不整洁的untidy不合理的unreasonable未完成的 unfinished/undone脱衣 undress打开unfold卸车unload开的锁 unlock解冻unfreeze出土/挖掘 unearth拧开unscrew解开undo/unpack揭露uncover典例典例15Its (legal)for a public official to ask people for

49、gifts or money in exchange for favors to them.参考答案illegal解析句意:对政府官员来说向人们索要礼物或金钱来交换对他们的帮助是违法的。根据语境可知此处需要用形容词形式,在括号中所给单词的前面加前缀,即illegal。3.dis-消失disappear不鼓励discourage揭露 disclose发现discover不同意 disagree不同意 disapprove不服从disobey不诚实的dishonest不满意的dissatisfied可耻的 disgraceful弱点disadvantage 紊乱disorder4.mis-误导(v

50、.)mislead误导的(adj.)misleading误解(v.)misunderstand滥用 misuse误解(n.)misunderstanding拼错 misspell不信任 mistrust5.anti-防空的anti-aircraft防冻剂antifreeze抗日战争 Anti-Japanese War反社会的antisocial6.de-降级 degrade减少decrease贬值 devalue解冻 defrost毁林 deforestation7.ill-虐待ill-treat信息不足的ill-informed不礼貌的 ill-mannered不合时宜的ill-timed不

51、合适的ill-fitting没教养的 ill-bred考虑欠周的ill-considered时运不济的ill-fated非法得到的ill-gotten不健康 ill health8.non-非营利的non-profit直达的non-stop不吸烟者non-smoker防滑的non-slip废话nonsense非暴力non-violence不可再生资源 non-renewable resources9.-free无忧无虑的carefree无利息的 interest-free免税的duty-free10.-proof防水的 waterproof防震的 shockproof典例典例16How was

52、 it that the farmers (cover)the entrance to the secret cave in the valley?参考答案discovered解析句意:这些农民们到底是怎么发现山谷中这个秘密山洞的入口的呢?根据语境可知此处应该用及物动词“发现”,所以参考答案为discover。二、转化二、转化(一)动词与名词的转换:如:1.倒退(v.)He backed his car into the garage.支持(v.)You are not alone,and we are all backing you.背后(n.)Shes the kind of person

53、 who talks about you behind your back.2.领导(v.)He headed the rebellion.使对着某处行进(v.)He headed his boat for the shore.头(n.)He was shot in the head,dead.3.缺乏(v.)I lack words with which to express my thanks.缺乏(n.)Lack of proper funding is making our job more difficult.如:1.越过(v.)The dog succeeded in cleari

54、ng the fence.清理(v.)He cleared the table by taking plates,forks and knives away.清楚的(adj.)To make yourself clear without using facial expressions can be very difficult.2.打扫(v.)Your shoes need cleaning.干净的(adj.)Try to keep your room clean and tidy.3.意味着(v.)What do you mean by saying that?吝啬的(adj.)He ha

55、s always been mean with his money.(三)形容词与名词的转换:身体好的/井 well好的/罚款 fine公平的/展览会 fair主要的/首领 chief(二)动词与形容词的转换:耐心的/病人 patient安全的/保险箱 safe坚定的/公司 firm稳定的/马厩stable相对的/亲戚relative平淡的/平原plain满意的/内容content具体的/混凝土concrete三、合成三、合成1.合成形容词(1)adj.+present participle漂亮的good-looking闻着芳香的sweet-smelling随和的easy-going 长相一般

56、的ordinary-looking(2)adv.+present participle永久的ever-lasting职位高的high-ranking畅销货best-selling goods=bestseller(3)adv.+past participle著名的well-known新婚的 newly-married本地制造的locally-produced坚信的firmly-believed密切相关的closely-related 广泛接受的 widely-accepted穿着随意的informally-dressed容易形成的easily-formed牢固的 strongly-built

57、高度发达的highly-developed人口稠密的 densely-populated 正式发行的officially-released正式承认的officially-recognized(4)n.+present participle省时的time-saving耗能的energy-consuming爱好和平的peace-loving制片的film-making伤心的heart-breaking令人惊叹的breathtaking 说英语的English-speaking解决问题的problem-solving 令人垂涎的 mouth-watering赢利的profit-making(5)n.

58、+past participle国营的state-owned由衷的 heartfelt人造的 man-made覆盖雪的snow-covered粗糙的 weather-beaten国产的home-made一贫如洗的 poverty-stricken好奇心驱使的curiosity-driven个体经营的self-employed政府支持的 government-backed(6)n.+adj.环保的environment-friendly=environmentally-friendly节能的energy-efficient有成本效益的cost-effective(7)adj.+n.+-ed心不在焉的absent-minded心地善良的kind-hearted目光短浅的short-sighted近视的near-sighted左撇子的left-handed头发花白的white-haired长尾巴的long-tailed和蔼可亲的good-