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1、第02讲一形容词.副词的基本应用知识图谱-形容词、副词的概念及用法-形容词副词的级别变化形容词的概念及使用副词的概念及使 用规则变化不规则变化第02讲形容词、副词的基本应用错题回顾形容词、副词的概念及用法知识精讲一、形容词的概念及使用1. 形容词的定义:形容词用于修饰名词或不定代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。形 容词在句中可作表语、定语、补语等,如:She sang a nicesong.她唱了一支好听的歌。The fruit is really nice.这水果真好。2. 形容词分为性质形容词和叙述形容词两类。1) .直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级别的变 化,可以

2、用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。如:It was hot yesterday.昨天挺热的。Yes, but it s much hotter today!没错,但今天更热了!2) .叙述形容词只能作表语,所以乂称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有 级别的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以&开头的形容词都属于这 类。例如:afraid害怕的,alone单独的,alive活着的,awake醒着的 等等。请对比:She is an asleep girl. (X )The girl is asleep. ( V )这个女孩睡着了。3. 形容词在修饰 someone, somebody, so

3、mething, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing尊不定代词时,需要置于其后。如:Let me tell you something interesting.让我告诉你一些有趣的事吧。4. 以-ly结尾的形容词1).大部分形容词加Ty可构成副词。但friendly (友好的),deadly(致命的),lovely (可爱的),lonely (孤独的),likely (可能的), lively (充满活力的),ugly (丑陋的),brotherly (情同手足的)仍为 形容词。2).有些以-ly结尾既为形容词,也为副词。如:daily (每日

4、的;每 日),weekly (每周的;每周),monthly (每月的;每月),yearly (每 年的;每年)。如:Our average daily turnover is about 300.我们的平均日营业额约为300英镑。Brush your teeth after each meal and floss daily.餐后要刷牙,而且每天要使用牙线清洁牙缝。5多个形容词修饰名词的排序多个形容词修饰同一个名词时,其排序为:限定词(冠词/所有格/人称代 词/指示代词等)-数量词-性质-尺寸-形状-新旧/年龄-颜色一-出 处(国籍)-一材料-一用途一-名词。例如:a big round t

5、able 一张大圆桌a dirty old brown coat 一件乂脏乂旧的棕色外套6“-ing形容词”和“-ed形容词”的区别-ing形容词主要说明事物本身具有的性质,-ed形容词主要说明人的感受。形容词主要说明事物pd形容词主要说1人例句interesting有趣的interested感兴趣tZootopia is an interesting movieManda is interested in photographingexciting令人兴excited兴奋的The news is excitingEveryone is excitedabout it.boring无聊的bor

6、ed感到无fl tThe meeting is boringMany people are boredtiring累人的tired劳累的Beijing is a tiring city because of thebad traffic and air pollution.Many people are tired of taking thesubwa y.7.用形容词表示类别和整体1) .某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,谓语动词用复数形式。如:the dead, the living, the rich, the poor, the blind, the hungryThe blind

7、have a keen touch.盲人有敏锐的触觉。2) .有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,动词用复 数形式。如:the British, the English, the French, the Chinese.The English don t care for people like that.英国人不喜欢那样的人。二、副词的概念及使用1. 副词的概念:副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,说明时间、地点、 程度、方式等。副词在句中主要用作状语,如:Why do we have to go to bed so early?为什么我们那么早就得上床睡 觉?T

8、he crowd is clapping cheerfully.人群欢呼雀跃。2. 副词分类1) .时间副词:主要表示什么时候、经常与否”。常见的时间副词有: today, often 等。2) .地点副词:表示地点的副词和表示位置关系的词。常见的地点副词 有:here, there 等。3) .方式副词:一般是回答“怎么样? ”这类问题的,其中绝大部分都 是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的,有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly,它们与 形容词同形。如:carefully, fast等。4) .程度副词:主要表示程度的深浅。常见的程度副词有:quite, rather, very 等。5) .疑问副词:

9、用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有:how, when, where 等。3. 副词在句中位置1) .副词修饰动词时,通常位于被修饰动词的后面。如:Mr. Smith is working hard.史密斯先生正在努力工作。2) .副词修饰形容词时,通常放在该形容词的前面。如:He is avery funny boy.他是一个非常有趣的男孩。3) .副词修饰其它副词时,通常放在被修饰词的前面。如:The girl dances very well.这个女孩儿跳舞跳得非常好。注:enough做副词用时,通常放在被修饰词的后面。如:You run fast enough.你跑地足够快了。

10、4. 部分常见副词的用法1). very, much这两个副词都可表示“很”,但用法不同。very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级,而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。试比较:He had been behaving very meanly to his girlfriend.他对女朋友一直非常刻薄。Basal metdholism is much lower for creatures in cold water.冷水中生物的基础代谢速度要低很多。2) .also, too, either, as well(1) . too和as well多用于口语中,语气较轻,通常用于肯定句 或疑问句,一般

11、不用于否定句,且通常放在句末。如:I like you too /as well.我也喜欢你。Are they coming too /as well?他们也来吗?注意:在Me too, You too这类简略答语中,通常不用as well 或also.如:A: I m tired.我累 了。B: Me too.我也是。(2) . also比too和as well正式,一般也不用于否定句,它在 句中的位置通常是紧靠动词,有时为了强调也放在句末。如:He also came. / He came also.他也来了。She is young and beautiful, and also ric

12、h.她年轻漂亮,而且 有钱。说明:also有时用于句首(其后通常有逗号),相当于连词ando 如:Also, his mother was dead.再说,他母亲过世了。(3) . either通常只用于否定句,且要放在句末。如:I don* t know, either.我也不知道。He hasn* t finished it, either.他也还没有做完。3) . already, yetalready 一般用于肯定句,yet 般用于否定句或疑问句。试比较:The scientists have already experimented at each other s test site

13、s.科学家已经在彼此的实验场所进行了实验。Life has not yet returned to normal but we are getting there.生活还没有恢复正常,不过就快了。Have they been to visit you yet?他们来看过你吗?Just once, yeah.来过,就一次。5. 多个副词或副词短语作状语时,排序为:状态/程度-一地点-一方式- 频率-一时间。例如:My mother goes to work by car every day.我妈妈每天开车去上班。It rained heavily last night.昨夜雨下得很大。三点剖析一

14、、考点:形容词、副词的概念、使用、区分和特殊用法。二、重难点:形容词修饰的位置关系。总的来说,形容词修饰运用得很灵活,在前在后都有出现,我们见到的情 形大多数是在前的,偶尔岀现在后,我们只需要单独记住这些特殊表达,应对 考试就没有问题了。考试中常考的特殊形容词修饰主要有两类,一个是“enough”的使用,一个是对于不定代词的修饰。不定代词前文已详细列出不 再赘述,这里强调一下enough的用法:enough修饰名词,通常放在前面,如:He has enough money to buy the whole city.他有倾城之财。而修饰形容词,enough则置于形容词后,如:He is ric

15、h enough to buy the whole city.他富可倾城。三、易错点:形容词与副词的区分;既有形容词性乂有副词性的词;形容词特 殊用法。题歸井题模一形容词的概念及使用例 1.1、Jack is to carry the heavy boxA、enough tallBbig enoughC、strong enoughDenough small例 1.2.用括号中所给词的适当形式填空You should drink more water to keep (health)题模二副词的概念及使用例 2.1.The mother walked into the room in order

16、 not to wake up herbab y.A.quicklyB、quietlyC.heavilyDfast例22、Speak louder, please! I can hear you.A、 easilyB hardlyC. clearlyD usually随练1.1sPaul became really when he heard the exciting news.A.angryBangrilyC.happyDhappily随练1.2.Dr. Gray didn t feel very today because one of hispatients deadA. gooderB

17、 goodC、 niceD well随练13.It made me so when I heard the idea of going to New Yorkfor vacation.A、 exciteB excitingC、 excitedbe excited随练14、Betty is astudent She can speak FrenchA、good;wellB、good; goodc.well;wellD、well; good随练1.5.Mr. Lee asked a question, but it was that nobody couldanswer it.A、very dif

18、ficultB too difficultCn difficult enoughD so difficult随练16This question isn t very , and no one can answer it(easy)随练1.7、Can you see the words on the screen ? (clear)随练1.&This magazine will be in your future study. (help)随练1.9、Marry felt very because she finished the assignment on time(happy)形容词副词的级

19、别变化知识精讲大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,及原级、比较级和最高级。 用来表示事物的等级差别,原级即形容词或副词的原形,比较级和最高级有规 则变化和不规则变化两种,详见下表:1.规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音一般在词尾longlongerlongest节词 和部 分双 音节 词直接加-er/-esttalltallertallest以不发音的 字母e结尾 直接加-r/-Stlatelargelaterlargerlatestlargest以辅音字母 +y结尾的双 音节词,变 y为i,再 加-er/ - esteasyhappyheavyeasierhappierheavi

20、ereasiesthappiestheaviest重读闭音节 词词尾只有 一个辅音字 母时,双写 该辅音字 母,再加- er/ -estbighotthinbiggerhotterthinnerbiggesthottestthinnest多音 节词 和部 分双 音节 词在原级前加 more 和 mostbeautifulcarefullymore beautifulmore carefullymost beautifulmost carefully注意:形容词最高级前要加定冠词the,副词最高级前一般将the省略。试比较:Mike is the tallest boy in our class

21、.麦克是我们班最高的男生。Mike runs fastest in our class.麦克在我们班跑得最快。2.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/ wellbetterbestbad/订 1/badlyworseworstmany/ muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(较远)further(进一步)farthest(最远)furthest(最大限度)older(较老的,较旧oldest(最老的,最旧old的)的)elder(较年长的)eldest(最年长的)三点剖析一、考点:不同级别的判别和使用;掌握形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则, 熟记少数特殊的不

22、规则变化。构成比较级和最高级有两种方式:一是在词尾加-er构成比较级,加-est 构成最高级;另一种形式是在词前加more构成比较级,加(the) most构成最 髙级。二、易错点:1. farther, further这两个词都是far的比较级形式,但在用法上有所区 别:1). farther和further都可指具体的距离,即空间时间上的“较远”。 如:Let * s not go any farther/further.我们别再走了 吧。The service desk is at the farther/ further end of the hall.咨询处在大厅稍往里的地方。2).

23、 further还可用于抽象的引申义,如时间、程度和数量等,表示“进一步,更进一层”,此时,不能用farthero如:I may be able to give you some further information about it.关于这个问题,我还可以给你一些信息。The problem will be further discussed at the class meeting.这个问题在班会上还将进一步讨论。2. older和elder这两个词均是old的比较级,但在用法上有所区别:1) . elder表示“前辈的”、“年纪较长的”,仅用于同一家庭成员的 比较;older则不限于此

24、。例如:My younger son is five and my elder son is nine. 我的小儿 5 岁,大儿子9岁。Tom is two years older than I.汤姆比我年长两岁。2) . elder在句中只用作定语,不作表语;older两者皆可。例如:My elder sister does her homework all by herself.我的姐姐独自 做作业。His elder son got married last week.他的长子是上星期结婚的。I think his mother is older.我认为他的母亲年龄大一些。3) . el

25、der只能用来指人;older不仅限于修饰人。例如:My elder brother joined the army when he was only fifteen. 我 哥哥年仅15岁就参了军。This dog is older than any other dogs here.这条狗在这里是最老 的一条。I have a sister older than myself.我冇位比我大的姐姐。It is said Mr. Chen is over ten years older than Mrs. Li. 据说 陈先生比李女士大10多岁。题模精讲题模一规则变化例 1.1、Who is ,

26、Li Ming or Li Tao?A、tallB、the tallestC、tallerD、very tall例 1.2、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级careful 例 1.3、I think Yi, the famous Chinese basketball player, will be new star in NBA.A、the hottestB、the most hotD、 hotC. hotter题模二不规则变化例 2.1、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级little 例 2.2、Which scarf is , the green one or the blue on

27、e?A、goodC、 bestB betterD the best随练21Abel is growing fast He is even than his father.A、tallBtallerCstallestDthe tallest随练22、Who handed in the homework,John or Mat?A、earlyB、earlierc.earliestD、the earliest随练2.3、David, could you drive a little ?Don t worry. We still have half an hour to get there That*

28、 senoughA、 fastC. fastestBfasterDthe fastest随练2.4、Miranda is 15 years old and Max than Max.A. youngC. youngestis 17 years old Miranda isB youngerD the youngest随练2.5、Amy and Kim are both very clever, but Kim works than Amy.A、 hardB、 harderCn hardestD the hardest随练2.6、Raymond lives to school than Grac

29、e, just a five-minute walk.AncloseBtoo closeC.closerDclosest随练2.7、Betty sent her little brother for a doctor because she felt muchA. illBy worseC% worstD the worst自我总结课后作业作业良Is therein today1 ts CCTV News?A.everythingspecialB、special nothingC.anything specialspecial something作业2、Lucy felt very befor

30、e her finial speech Luckily, shebecame calm soon.A、 tiredC. nervousB、relaxedD、terrible作业3、Hey Nancy, we plan to go to the cinema tonight Are you free?No, tonight is quite exam A、 bigC% boringfor me. I have to prepare my finalB、fullD wonderful作业4、Miss Martin gave us an and speech last Tuesday.(intere

31、st, use)作业5、Why is Lucy looking so ? (worry)作业6、Please be when you wash this expensive shirt(careful)作业7、A. teacher is better than thousands of books(well)作业&Prof Jackson often tells us about sports and we do sportsevery day, so I m now.An new something; enough health B、new something; healthy enough

32、something new; healthy- enoughsomething new; enough healthy作业9、Classical music sounds More and more people like it.A、 beautifullyB beautifulC、 wellD badly作业10.Miss Miller enjoys traveling very much and she plans to go this yearA、 somewhere relaxingB、anywhere relaxingrelaxing somewhereD relaxing anywhere作业llxChinese people are very kind and(friend)作业12.Could you please pronounce itagain? (slow)作业13.Caroline has found her lost iPhoneHow she is! (luck)作业14、I w

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