最好的名词性从句导学案附答案

1、名词性从句（ noun clauses）教学目标： 掌握名词性从句的四大类型以及它们的用法， 并能判断出练习中的句子属于什么从句类型，会做一些简单的练习。教学重点：1. 主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，让学生能快速判断出一个句子属于什么类型的从句。2. 注意宾语从句的时态呼应。教学难点：1. that 什么情况下可以省略， 什么情况下不可以省略。2. whether 和 if 什么时候可以互换，什么时候不可以互换。3. 如何区分同位语从句与定语从句。教学过程：Lead in: exercises1._ the baby could speak made his parentsvery

2、 happy.A. That B. What C. Why D. If2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home.A. that B. if C. whether D. what3. This is _ he was often late for school. A. what B. that C. why D. whether4. We all know the truth _ the earth_ around the sun.A. if; movedB. that; movesC. why; moveD. whether; mov

3、e完成以上四个题目， 并分别指出它们是什么从句，从而导出名词性从句的学习。一名词性从句的概念： 一个句子在 连接词的引导下， 在句子中 起名词作用 的句子叫名词性从句。二名词性从句的功能： 相当于名词词组 , 它在复合句中能担任主语、 宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。His job is important. ( 主语 )What he does is important. ( 主语从句 )This is his job. ( 表语 )This is what he does every day. ( 表语从句 )I don t likehis job. ( 宾语 )I don tlike w

4、hat he does every day. ( 宾语从句 ) I don knowt about the man, Mr. White. (同位语)I don t know about the facthat he is a teacher.(同位语从句 )得出结论 ：因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类，即：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。三引导名词性从句的连接词：单在 词 中词词义所充当的成分that/连if/是否/词whetherwhat(无论)主、宾、(ever)什么表连which（无论）主、宾、接(ever)哪个定代who（无论）主、宾、词(ever)谁表

5、whom（无论）宾(ever)谁whose谁定的when什么时状连候接where在哪里状副why为什么状how怎样状词1、连接代词： who, whoever, whose, whom, whomever, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。He did _ he could to save thedrowning girl._breaksthelawshouldbepunished.It is generally considered unwise to1givea child_ he orshewants.A. howeverB. whatev

6、erC. whicheverD. whenever_ broke the glass yesterday is notclear.2、连接副词： when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。Parents are thought to understand _important education is to their children s future.That is _ I didn tattend the meeting.3、连接词： that, whether, if, as if, as though。 that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可

7、省略；if (whether), as if 虽有词义， 但在从句中不担任成分。I don t care about _ you havemoney or not.The problem is _ Tom is able toarrive on time._ the meeting willbe held hereis not decided yet.It looks _ it is going to rain.The truth is _he didntcome forthe concert._ the earth is round is true.四名词性从句的类型：1. 主语从句： 在复

8、合句中作主句的主语。 连接词 有 that, whether; who, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。 如 :_( 他们是如何募集到这些钱 ) remains a problem._( 我们找不到回家的路 )was really bad news._( 任何第一个来的人 ) will get the ticket._ ( 他会去哪里 )is notclear.注意：1. 为避免主语冗长 ,句子头重脚轻 , 经常用 it 作形式主语 , 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。That light travels in straight lines is kn

9、ownto all.=_isknowntoall_.记住以下 it 作形式主语， that 引导真正的主语从句的句型 ：It s no wonder that 难怪 / It s a pity/a fact /a common knowledge ( 众所周知） / common sense ( 是常识 ) / good news（是个好消息）thatIt s likely / possible / important / necessary / clear/obvious (很明显 )/certain ( 确信的是 ) that 很可 能 / 重要的是 / 必要的是 /很清楚It s sai

10、d / reported that 据 说 / 据 报道 /Its been announced / declared that 已经通知 /宣布It seems / appears ( . 好 像 )/ happens that 碰巧It worriedher a bit _ her hair wasturning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. forIt remains a question _ we can get somuch money in such a short time.A. how B. that C. when D. whatItis kn

11、ownto us _ where there ispollution, there is harm.A.which B. where C. what D. that很遗憾你没有来参加聚会。_难怪你又失败了。_很明显你犯了一个大错。_据报道这种药能减少疼痛。_他打电话时我正好不在家。_2.单个的主语从句作主语时， 谓语动词用句单数形式；如果是两个或两个以上的主语2作主语，谓语动词则视情况而定。When and where he was born hasntbeen found. When he was born and where he was born haventbeen found.Whe

12、n and why the person was murdered is still unknown.When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.Exercises:._ makes this shop different is that itoffers more personal services.A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever_I can pay back the help that peoplegive me makes me very happ

13、y.A. Where B. What C. That D. HowIt s not clear _ was responsible for theaccident.A. Who B. What C. How D. That_ in the regulations that you shouldnot tell other people the password of your e-mail account.A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC. It is requiredD. It requires2. 表语从句： 在复合句中作主句的表语。 引导词有连词 that

14、, whether, as if, as though; who,what, which, whose; when, where, how, why, because 等。如 :The problem is _that_ we didn t get in touch with him.This is _how_ Henry solved the problem. His suggestion is _that_ we (should) finish the work at once.It looked _as if_ it was going to rain. The reason _why_

15、 we didn't trust him is _that_ he has often lied 注意 ：1. 如果句子的主语是suggestion, advice, order,demand, proposal 等名词时 ,后面引导的 表语从句用 should+动词原形 ,should 可省略 。他 的 建 议 是 我 们 应 该 马 上 完 成 工 作 . His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work atonce.2. The reason why .is that 的理由是， 的原因是The reason _ he was

16、 late again was_ he was caught in the traffic jam.The reason _ I have to go is _ mymother is ill in bed.A .why; whyB. why; becauseC. why ; thatD. that; because3. It is because这是 因为Exercises:This is _ she was born.A. where B. which C. that D. whatThe question is _ we cant go theretoday.A. that B. wha

17、t C. which D. whenThe reason why he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A. because B. why C. that D. whatMy advice is that he _ school by bike.A. go toB. would go toC. goes toD. went to_shecouldntunderstandwas_ fewer and fewer students showedinterest in her lessons.A. What

18、; whyB. That; whatC. What; becauseD. Why; thatEnergy is _ makes things work.A. what B. everything C. something D. anything 3.宾语从句： 在复合句中作主句的宾语。 引导词有连词 that , whether, if; who, whom, whose, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。 宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。 因此宾语从句一般位于 _或者后面。某些形容词如sure,happy, glad,pleased等之后也可以带有宾语从

19、句。如:(1) V + 宾语从句，即“动宾”：We believe that he is honest.I asked if they had a cheap suit.3Can you tell me which dictionary is hers?I really don tknow what he is doing.He asked _(我为这架钢琴花了多少钱。 ) His parents hope _ (他将来能成为医生 )(2) prep + 宾语从句，即“介宾”：Hes pleased with what we did yesterday.Pay attention to wha

20、t the teacher said.It all depends on _(我父母是否支持我)(3) adj + 宾语从句，即“形宾”： that引导的名词性从句还可以用在一些形容词后面。这种句型一般都用人作主语，所用的形容词都是表示思想状况或感情色彩的形容词，如certain, sure, positive, afraid, convinced, anxious,disappointed,worried,glad,happy,sorry,amazed, surprised, aware, doubtful, confident等等。I am sure/certain that he s a

21、t home now.我 肯 定他现在在家。He became angry that you made the same mistake.你犯了同样的错误，他生气了。He remains confident that he will win. 他 仍 然自信他会赢。She is aware that I cant help her. 她知道我帮不了她的忙。I am glad that you ve come. 你来了我很高兴。 He appeared/seemed surprised that I said “ no”.我说不，他似乎很吃惊。I am afraid that I can tpr

22、omise you anything.恐怕我不能向你保证什么。We were rather disappointed that you were not able to come yesterday.昨天你没能来我们有点失望。I am a bit worriedthat she willnot be able tomake it.我有点担心她做不成这件事情。Im sure that my brother will love the jacket. / I am glad that you can come and help me.不能误将 ”It + be + adj. + that ”的主语

23、从句当成宾语从句 .如： It is necessary that we should learn English well.I just don t understand_ that preventsso many Americans from being as happy as one might expect.A .why it doesB. what it doesC. what it isD. why it is- Don t you believe me?- _, I will believe _ you say.A. No; whateverB. Yes; no matter w

24、hatC. No; no matter whatD. Yes; whatever“ Whatdid your parents think about yourdecision?” “ They alwayslet me do_ I think I should . ”I wish to have a friend with _ sharesmy hobbies and interests.A. whomeverB. nomatterwhoC. whoeverD. anyoneMary wrote an article on _ the teamhad failed to win the gam

25、e.A. whyB. whatC. whoD. that(4)如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，就用it作形式宾语， 将宾语从句后置， 并且 that不可以省略 . 在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think, make, consider, find, feel 等，可以用 it 作形式宾语。Eg: We all thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.The conductor has made it clear that no buses will be running.1.我们发现每天锻炼身体是很重要的。2.老板已经清楚地表明这项

26、工作应该在本周完成。4. 同位语从句： 在复合句中起同位语的作用。一般放在名词 idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ；problem ； news, information; hope; thought;promise; conclusion; evidence等之后 , 用以说4明或解释前面的名词。We all know the truth _ the earth goesround the sun.A. that B. which C. whatD. whetherWe heard the news _ our team hadwon.A. which B. that

27、C. whatD. whereThe problem _ it is right or wrong hasnot yet been decided.A. which B. that C. whether D. ifThe fact_ he didn t see Tom yesterdayis true.A. that B.which C. when D. what注意：1. 名词 suggestion, advice, order 等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+ 动词原形,should 可省略。a. The suggestion that we _ to picniconSun

28、day was agreed to by most people.A wentB. would goC. goD. were allowed to go2. 同位语从句有时没有紧跟在名词后面， 而是被别的词分开，称为隔裂式同位语从句。He got the news fromMarythat the sportsmeeting was put off.Word came that Tom would go abroad.Thequestioncame upatthemeeting_wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. wh

29、etherThere as feeling in me _we llneverknow what a UFO is-not ever.A. that B. whichC. of which D. whatIt remains a question _ we can get somuch money in such a short time.A. howB. thatC. whenD. whatDanby left word with my secretary _he would call again in the afternoon.A. who B. thatC. asD. which3.

30、如何判断同位语从句和定语从句?a. 定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。 定语从句中 that 不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个成分，充当宾语成分时可省略。b. 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的 that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分，只起连接作用 , 无具体含义 ,且不可省略 .定语从句和同位语从句的区别：A. 两种从句前都要一个 _词B. 定语从句中关系词代替先行词在从句中_(充当 / 不充当 )成分；而在同位语从句中连接词 _（充当 /不充当） 成分。C. 定语从句是对前面的名词进行 _（修饰限定 /解释说明），同

31、位语从句是对前面的名词进行 _(修饰限定 / 解释说明 )e.g. The suggestion that he made is of greatvalue._从句Thesuggestion thathe should not gothere is of great value. _ 从句Rule: that+ 不完整句子-_ 从句that+ 完整句子-_ 从句1.判断下面句子是定语从句还是同位语从句(1) The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy._(2) The news that is spre

32、ading around the airportis that a heavy storm is coming._(3) The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical. _(4) The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering._五名词性从句的考点归纳：1. 名词性从句的语序： _语序a. That + 陈述句： That light trav

33、els in straight lines is known to all.- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad.A. That he brokeB. What he brokeC. He brokeD. His breakb. 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述语5序，不能用一般疑问句语序 , 即“疑问词 +句子的剩余成分” 。I don t know when he will go to Nanjing. / This is what we are looki

34、ng for.a. Howwas he successful isstilla puzzle.()Howhe was successful isstillapuzzle.()b. Couldyoutellme where helives?()Couldyou tellmewhere does helive?()2. 表示“建议，命令，要求”的名词性从句，如 (suggest)suggestion,(advise)advice, order, request, demand 等 ， 要用 虚 拟 语 气 ， 即should+动词原形 , should 可省略。3. that 可省略的情况： 单个

35、宾语从句中的 that 可省略that 不可省略的情况：a. 主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句d. it 做形式宾语的宾语从句e.并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that 不能省略 ,第一个 that 可省 f. 介词 except, but,besides, in 等后跟that 引导的宾语从句g.宾语从句中主从复合句且从句位于主句之前时 h. that 引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时I don t think _ she is coming.It is a pity _ he has made such amistake.The reason is _ he is careles

36、s .Thenews _ ourteam wonthematch inspired us.I don think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he just returned from Japan.He said that if he came back early, he couldcome for

37、 the meeting.I think, first of all,that we must believe inourselves.I don tdoubt，in any case，that we will winthe match.（无论如何， 我都不怀疑我们会赢那场比赛） 。4. 易混点一 whether 与 if 的区别二者都可以作 “是否” 讲，能引导名词性从句，在名词性从句中不充当成分，但不能省略。1. 在及物动词后引导宾语从句时可以互换；注意：在某些动词后（如:discuss）只能接whether，不能跟if 。如：We discussed whether we should

38、close the shop.2. if 只可以用于宾语从句中（介词宾语除外），而 whether 可以用于四种名词性从句中。所以引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时都用 whether ，不用 if 。如：The question whether he should come himself or send another man hasntbeen decided.The question is whether you can go there yourself.3. 如果 whether 后紧跟 or not，不用换做 if；若 whether 与 or not 分开使用，则可以换作 i

39、f。如：I wonder whether or not he has arrived at thedestination.I dontknow whetherif I can come or not.4.在介词后引导宾语从句或与带to do 的动词不定式结合而构成不定式的复合结构时，只能用 whether，而不用 if。 如：I haventsettled the question of whether I will goback home.She doesntknow whether to get married now orwait.5.若宾语从句为否定结构，则多用 if，而不用wheth

40、er。如：I dontcare if he doesntshow up.（在乎，炫耀）Exercises:I asked her _ she had a bike._we willholda party in the6open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Were worried about _ he is safe.I don tknow _ he is well or not.I dont know_ or not he iswell.The question is _ he should do it.The doctor can hardly

41、answer the question_ the old man will recover soon.I don tknow _ to go there.We discussed _ we should close theshop.5. 易混点： reason 后面的名词性从句reason 做主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因是要用that 引导，一般不用because 或why ，而用 it ，this 或 that 做主语时， 后面的表语从句可用 because或 why 引导。1.“The reason +连系动词 +that“引导的表语从句。本句型的意思是： 理由是：。The reason

42、 was that he fell ill.2.It （ 或This 、 That ） + 连 系 动 词 +thereason+why 引导的定语从句。本句型意为：这就是。 。的原因（理由）3. It（或 This 、That ）+连系动词 + +because引导的表语从句。本句型意为：这是因为。；这是由于。的缘故。That was because he fell ill.4. It （或 This 、 That） +连系动词 +why 引导的表语从句。本句型意为：这就是。的原因。That was why he fell ill.6. 易混点： check 、 make sure后面的宾语

43、从句动词或动词短语 check、make sure 等做肯定句的谓语时，全句在汉语意义上虽有“是否” 之意，但后面常用 that 做引导词。 Check that everything is in order， please.（请核对一下是否一切正常）Make sure that the door is locked before you leave the lab.（离开实验室之前， 务必确保门是锁上的。 ）7. 最常用的 what 在名词性从句用法小结意思是“所 .的事 /物”, 相当于 the thing(s) that , 或 those which 可以用于以下情况：引导主语从句。如

44、：What she saw frightened her. 她看到的事情吓了她一跳。What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. 曾经被认为不可能的事情，现在已经变成了事实。What I m afraid of is their taking him to that place.我怕的是他们带他到那地方去。 What we are worrying about is just her innocence.我们担心的是她的幼稚。But what hurt our feelings most was the perso

45、nal comment of the judge.最伤我们感情的是法官的私下评论。What will be, will be. 要发 生 的 事 总 是要发生的。（谚语）What is gone is gone. 过去的事就过去了。引导表语从句。如：Thats what I hope. 那就是我希望的。 I should like to be a teacher. That s what I want to be. 我想当老师， 那是我想干的事。 Times are not what they used to be. 时代不同了。He s not what he was a few years

46、 ago. 他不是几年前的他了。Your health is not what it ought to be. 你的身体应该更好。引导宾语从句，包括介词宾语。如：He could not express what he felt.他不能表达他的感受。Well, I ll do what I can. 好吧，我尽力。 I can t do what you ve just asked of me.我不能做你刚才要求我的事。And having got what he wanted, he took his hat and went away.得到了他要的东西，他拿上帽子就走了。 As a fri

47、end of yours, I want to tell you what7I hear. 作为你的朋友， 我想告诉你我所听到的。The father began to criticizewhat the boyhad done. 父亲开始批评男孩所做的事。（注意时态）She was not happy at what he had said. 她对他说的话不高兴。用作插入语，指代后面的成分。这和非限定性定语从句正好相反， 非限定性定语从句指代的是前面的成分。如：1 后来我发现，他妻子原来是Mary 的侄女，这对我是个新闻。Then I discovered, what was news to me,that his wife was Mary s niece.2 他从来不参加男孩子通常做的体育活动，更奇怪的是，他从来不坐船出去到河上面去。He never joined in the usual sports of theboys, and, what is remarkable, never wentout in a boat on the riv