2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解-推理判断类-解题技巧及典例剖析

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解 推理判断类 解题技巧及典例剖析【考点清单】一、推理判断类题目常见的设问方式1.It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that _ .2.Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?3.In which of the following publications(出版物）would this passage most likely be printed?4. The pas

2、sage implies , but doesnt directly state that _ .5.The writer suggests that _.6.The author probably feels that _.7.The author uses the example of.to show that_.8.Whats the authors attitude toward.?【解题流程】要做好推理判断题，需要充分阅读理解文章、分析语篇特征、寻找解题依据。考生应该在领会全文的基础上做出正确的推理和判断。第一步 依据题干和选项及“顺序原则”确定信息源推理判断题应该首先按照题干要求的

3、范围进行解题，如果题目中没有提到具体的段落，那么通过“顺序原则”找到区域范围。如果这种情况下还是不能找到信息源，就必须考虑按照题干和四个选项的信息词从全文各个角落寻找答案。第二步 比对原文和选项进行推理甄选要注意推理的基础是原文内容，而不是自己的经验和主观判断，不可凭借自己的主观意愿腹断。有的题目的推理即为原文具体层面的“同义归纳”。所涉及的逻辑关系都是最简单的逻辑判断，一步即可推得，考生千万不能人为地把问题复杂化，推理很多步，反而得出错误的答案。【推理须知】1.直接陈述文章内容的选项不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。2.推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知，因此正确选项一定能在文中找到

4、依据或理由。3.不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法，因此脱离原文的主观意断都是错误的。1.隐含推断题“逻辑关联”得结论1.锁定题干中infer, conclude ,suggest, imply, indicate, assume等词眼，明确答题方向2.浏览四个选项，首先排除与原文信息一样的选项隐含推断题 3.立足原文，结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行合乎逻辑的推断典例（2016全国，D片段）Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the

5、 classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that in-formation is being spread and monitored(监控）in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than

6、 disasters and sob stories .The if it bleeds rule works for mass media, says Jo-nah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You dont want them to th

7、ink of you as a Debbie Downer.Q:What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?A. Theyre socially inactive.B. Theyre good at telling stories.C. Theyre inconsiderate of others.D. Theyre careful with their words.【解题思路】第一步速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出进行推理判断的关键词1.They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre fe

8、eling.2.But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react.3.You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.第二步根据该题选项的特点将找到的信息改编成选项C答案：inconsiderate of others/thoughtless of others2.文章出处题“专用词汇”做判断原则：从文章的内容或结构判断其出处报纸：前面常会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称文章出处题广告：格式特殊，容易辨认方法：对号入座 产品说明：

9、常含有产品名称或操作方式、使用方法等网页：常含有网页的典型用语。如：click典例（2014安徽，A)Personal Robot Make your parents and teachers happy!Are you having problems finishing your homework on time?Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you? You dont need to worry if you buy a Mr. Helping Hand person-al robot. Mr. H can

10、be programmed to organize your homework. Your own personal robot will follow you around, putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed.Mr. H also has these features(特点）:weighs only 500 gramsincludes long-lasting batteriescomes with a 5-year guaranteeremembers simple instructi

11、onsOriginally(最初）sold for $499NOW ONLY $299BUY NOWWATCH CONTROLThis is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear! This is NOT a watch for ordinary people!Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL acts as a remote control for TVs and videos.gives you a daily weather forecast . reminds you when to hand

12、 in your homework.sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near . Besides, your PENGO WATCH CONTROL will always tell you the time accurately!Originally sold for $ 199NOW ONLY $ 99For further information, click here.Q:Where would you be most likely to find the two texts?A. On a no

13、tice board.B. In a company brochure.C. On a teenage website.D. In a college newspaper.【解题思路】第一步 速读文章，结合文章语言特色找出最能体现文章出处的专用词汇1. BUY NOW2.for further information ,click here.第二步结合选项，试进行合理推断答案，C3.观点态度类“言为心声”求衰贬中立类：subjective/objectiveuncaring neutral/indifferent/unclear支持肯定类：positive/approval/optimisti

14、c/hopeful选项常用词汇反对否定类：negative/disapproval/critical/pessimistic/doubtful/skeptical观点态度全面理解文章的内容和中心抓住体现人物观点态度的关键句或列举的事例注意流露作者思想倾向或感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词关键词用法典例1(2016四川，C片段）The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in

15、early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years, says Gin.Ive

16、been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I dont see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom . Q:What is Gins attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?A. Cautious. B. Doubtful. C. Uninterest

17、ed. D. Appreciative.【解题思路】第一步 速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出关键词1 have a special love for the French Guianese People.2 I dont see it as a lawless land.3 But rather I see it as an area of freedom.第二步结合文章主题，进行合理推断答案：D典例2(2017全国，C片段）Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, b

18、ringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the Transitionhas two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles pe

19、r hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $ 10,000 de-posit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise a

20、fter Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways. Its expected to cost s 279,000. And it wont help if youre stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars si

21、nce the1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality . The government has already per-mitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly . The Transition is now g

22、oing through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Q:What is the governments attitude to the development of the flying careA . Cautious . B. Favorable. C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.【解题思路】第一步速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出关键词The government has already permitted the company to use special mater

23、ials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.第二步结合文章主题，进行合理推断答案：B1. 写作意图类“体裁主旨”寻意图故事类：to entertain readers广告、议论文：to inform/show/convince/advise/propose/encourage readers写作意图科普类、新闻类、社会文化类：to inform/show/present/explain/analyze(2017全国，A片段）Support Pacific Science CenterSince 1962, Pacific Science Cent

24、er has been inspiring a passion(热情）for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry - based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. Its an amazing a

25、ccomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificscience -center, org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.Q:What is the purpose of the last part of the text?A. To encourage donations.

26、B .To advertise coming events.C. To introduce special exhibits.D. To tell about the Centers history.【解题思路】第一步 速读文章，找出相关信息句，标出关键词we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations.Visit pacificsciencecenter , org to find various ways you can supp

27、ort Pacific Science Center.第二步与选项进行对比得出答案答案：A干扰项分析该部分的写作目的是鼓励人们以各种方式支持太平洋科学中心，也就是鼓励人们捐款，故选A项。B、C两项无中生有，该部分没有提到“宣传即将举行的活动”和“介绍特殊的展览”。D项曲解文意，该部分提到了自1962年以来太平洋科学中心做的事情，但这不是为了讲述该中心的历史，而是为下文鼓励人们捐款作铺垫。5.篇章结构类“写作思路”辨结构特点：根据语篇，对事件可能产生的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理梳理篇章结构预测推断题方法事件发展的先后顺序因果关系把握写作思路递进关系对比关系空间转换理清句、段之间的逻辑关系作出科学、合理的预测典例（2015.湖北，E片段）On the whole, Brookss story is acceptable if uninspired.As one would expect, his wri