定语从句 (4)

1、Grammar 定语从句 一、定语从句及相关概念 定语：可以由形容词、代词、数量词、 名词、副词、不定代词、介词短语等来担任。 如果是一个从句担任定语，那么这个从句就是定语从句。 The girl who is standing there is Mary. 定语从句1.定语从句的概念： 在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的 从句叫定语从句。 The girl who is standing there is Mary. 先行词 关系词2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 关系词： 引导定语从句的词。3.关系词的分类：关系代词和关系副词 关系词先行词所指 关系词在定语 从句中的作用 关系

2、 代词 that 人 / 物 主、宾、表语 which 物 主、宾、表语（偶） who 人 主、宾语 whom 人 宾语whose 人 / 物 定语 as人 / 物/事情 主、宾、表语 关系 副词 when 时间 时间状语 where 地点 地点状语 why 原因 原因状语起限定作用。起限定作用。若省略，原句若省略，原句意义不完整意义不完整。起补充说明作起补充说明作用。若省略，用。若省略，原句意义不受原句意义不受影响。影响。修饰修饰先行先行词词修饰先修饰先行词行词 /修饰修饰 整整个句子个句子无逗无逗号隔号隔开开有逗有逗号与号与主句主句隔开隔开有有that 无无that 1. 两种定语从句的区

3、别两种定语从句的区别当关系代词指代整当关系代词指代整个主句内容时。个主句内容时。 (1). He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.2. 只用非限制性定语从句的三种情况：只用非限制性定语从句的三种情况：(2). The moon, which is 384,400 kilometers away from the earth, goes around the earth.(3). Yesterday he left America, where he had stayed for two years. 考点一考点一: 如何判断用

4、关系代词还是关系副词如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词? 1.看先行词是什么看先行词是什么2.看先行词在定语从句中做什么成分看先行词在定语从句中做什么成分 如果先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、如果先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语，用关系代词；定语，用关系代词；如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，用关系副词。如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，用关系副词。 I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. The house _ we v

5、isited is being repaired now. The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.when(which / that) (which / that) where1. 先行词为先行词为all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词时。等不定代词时。2. 先行词被先行词被all, little, much, every, no等修饰时。等修饰时。3.先行词被序数词（先行词被序数词（the first, the last）或形容词或形容词最

6、高级最高级(the best)修饰时或先行词前有修饰时或先行词前有the very, the only 等时。等时。4. 先行词是人和物的组合。先行词是人和物的组合。5. 若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者或者 which，为了避免重，为了避免重复复, 关系代词不要再用关系代词不要再用 who, which，而用，而用 that。 只用只用that的情况的情况:that 与与which 的区别的区别 指物时只用指物时只用which的情况的情况: (1). 引导非限定定语从句时引导非限定定语从句时 (2). 介词后面介词后面2. The day _ he was born was

7、 Aug . 20 , 1952.A.on which B that C which D. this1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it4. He talked happily

8、about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom5. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.A. that B. which C. where D. in that6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it7. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you

9、? A. that B. which C. where D. it考点三考点三 : Whose 用法及转换形式用法及转换形式1. whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。构成名词短语。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover(封面封面) is green.2.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。可以指人，还可以

10、指物。 3. whose的先行词指物时的先行词指物时, 可用可用of which代替代替, 但是词序不同，但是词序不同，即即 whose +名词名词=the +n + of which = of which + the + n.He lives in the room whose window faces south.= He lives in the room, the window of which faces south.= He lives in the room, of which the window faces south.Anyone _breaks the law is pu

11、nished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished. 在在anyone, those, he / she / I / they作作先行词时先行词时, 用用“who” 代替代替 “that”.考点四考点四:指人时指人时 that 与与who的区别的区别whowhowho考点五考点五:介词介词+关系代词关系代词 提醒提醒: 介词关系代词引导的定语从句介词关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键是介词的选择关键是介词的选择.方法一方法一:根据从句中根据从句中动词动词与与先行词先行词的的习惯搭配习惯搭配。方法二方法二

12、:根据从句中根据从句中动词动词与与先行词先行词的的逻辑关系。逻辑关系。 注意：注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，定语从句常常由时，定语从句常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。引出。此时关系代词只能用此时关系代词只能用which（指物）或（指物）或 whom（指人）（指人）不可用不可用that 或或who代替。代替。This is the boy (who/whom/that) he worked with in the office. Join them into one sentence.= This is the boy with whom he

13、worked in the office . 关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也，也不能省略，常用不能省略，常用which(指物指物)或或whom(指人指人)。该。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在定语介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在定语从句之尾。从句之尾。但是遇到固定词组时，介词一般紧跟但是遇到固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不能前置。词组主体，不能前置。 Is this the book (which / that) you are looking for ? 填适当的关系词填适当的关系词1.The man _ you shook h

14、ands just now is our headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.3.Did you find the pen _ I wrote just now?4.Did you find the composition _ I wrote just now? with whomin which with whichwhich 考点七考点七:定语从句的主谓一致问题定语从句的主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。它的先行词保持一致。1.I am

15、not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Dont choose me, who _not fit for this job isam1. Is this factory _ we visited last week?DIs this the factory _ we visited last Week?A、where B、thatC、to which D、the oneB解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。述句式。2. Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentenc

16、e can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA先行词是先行词是situation, case, scene时，时，一般用一般用where,最佳最佳选择则是选择则是in which3. She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、when B、whatC、which D、whyC She will never forget the day_ she stayed with him in Beijing.A4. Ying De is a city, _ is famous for its bl

17、ack tea. Ying De is a city, _there is a Baojing Palace. A. which B. that C. where D. thereAC5. The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、who B、whoseC、of whom D、whichB6.Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、who B、who wantC、who wants D、whatB7. I dont like English, _ grammar I am not interested. I dont like English, _ grammar is difficult to learn. I like this hut(小屋), _ doorway (门口)is just enough to get . I like this hut, _ doorway is small. A. in whose B. which C. through whose D. whoseADCD8. I，_ your good friend, will try my best to he