英语人教版九年级全册定语从句讲练

1、一、定语从句及相关概念定语：可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词，过去分词、不定代词、介词短语等来担任。aredskirtmybooktwowomenteachersthelostbooksomefallenleavesTherearesomeboysplayingbasketball.1aredskirt,Thisisaskirtwhichisred.2mybook,Thisisabookwhichismine.3twowomenteachersTheseareteacherswhoarewomen.4thelostbook,Thisisabookwhichislost.5somefallenl

2、eavesTherearesomeleaveswhicharefallen.Therearesomeboysplayingbasketball.Therearesomeboyswhoareplayingbasketball.如果是一个从句担任定语，那么这个从句就是定语从句。Thegirlwhoisstandingthere(定语从句)isMary.定语从句的概念：在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.先行词关系词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词：引导定语从的词。关系词的分类：关系代词和关系副考点一，先行词

3、是物关系代词用which，that在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省)合成句子：1.Thebookwasgood.Ireadit.Thebookthat/whichIreadwasgood.ThebookIreadwasgood.2. Thepresentwasfrommybrother.Ireceivedthepresent.Thepresent(that/which)Ireceivedwasfrommybrother.3. Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat.Thegoatiseatingherflowers.Mrs.Clarkisangrywith

4、thegoatwhich/thatiseatingherflowers.4. Canyoulendmethebook?Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.Canyoulendmethebook(which/that)youtalkedaboutlastnight?5. Doyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow.Doyoufindthepen(which/that)Iwrotewithjustnow?DoyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?分析句子结构which它在定语从句中作主语或宾语，女口：Thebooksho

5、pisashopwhichsellsbooks这里shop是先行词，which在从句中作主语(不可省)。Thebook(which)Ireadlastnightwaswonderfulbook,即我昨晚读（做宾语可省略）这里主句是Thebookwaswonderful而定语从句是修饰主句的主语的那本书，which在定语从句中作read的宾语，可以省略。考点二，先行词是人关系代词用who(在从句中作主语或宾语)，whom在从句中作宾语,that在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省)合成句子：1. Isawtheman.Heclosedthedoor.Isawthemanwho(

6、that)closedthedoor.2. Thegirlishappy.Shewontherace.Thegirlwho(that)wontheraceishappy.3ThestudentsarefromChina.Theysitinthefrontrow.Thestudentswho(that)sitinthefrontrowarefromChina.(要注意的是先行词是students则who的数也应看作复数。)4. Wearestudyingsentences.Theycontainadjectiveclause.Wearestudyingsentencesthat/whichcon

7、tainadjectiveclause5. Thetaxidriverwasfriendly.Hetookmetotheairport.Thetaxidriverwho/thattookmetotheairportwasfriendly.6.Thepicturewasbeautiful.Shewaslookingatit.Thepicturethat(which)shewaslookingatwasbeautiful.7.Themanisstandingoverthere.Itoldyouabouthim.ThemanwhoItoldyouaboutisstandingoverthere.练习

8、题-合成句子8, TheboyisTom.9, TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.Theboyhasaroundface.10, TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.11, Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.12, Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.13, Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.14, Theboyisinthelab.Youwanttotalktohim.(可将介词提前)Theboytowhomyou

9、wanttotalkisinthelab.(介词提前不用who/that)15, Thisistheboy.Isitbehindhim.ThisistheboybehindwhomIsit.(介词提前不用who/that)Whose用法及转换形式1. whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。That'sthechildwhosefatherisateacher.2. whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。Iknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor.Thisisabookwhosecover(圭寸面)isgreen.合成句子(1

10、) .TIkmancalledlIkpolice.11iswalldwnsstolen.Themanwhosewalletwasstolencalledthepolice(2) .IcomeFroma.couniry,itsMsiorygoesbkthousandsoTyears.Icomefrunnacouiitn'whosehistorygoesbackthousandsofyears.Ihaveiocallihcman.Ipicked叩hisumbrella汕Hieinching.IhavetocallthemanwhoseumbrellaIpickedupafterthemee

11、ting.3. whose的先行词指物时，可用ofwhich代替，但是词序不同，即whose+名词=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.=Helivesintheroom,thewindowofwhichfacessouth.=Helivesintheroom,ofwhichthewindowfacessouth.(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.(2) Thedressisnew.(3) Heisthekindperso

12、n.(4) Thisisthebestfilm.练习题Sheiswearingit.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.(5) Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.(6) YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdressIgaveher.(7) Themanlegbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.(8) Myparentsliveinahouseismorethan100yearsold.(9) TheboywithJohnspokei

13、smybrother.(10) Kevinisreadingabookistoodifficultforhim.考点三：介词+关系代词提醒：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，关键是介词的选择方法一：根据从句中动词与先行词的习惯搭配。方法二：根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，定语从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom（指人）不可用that或who代替。合成句子：1，Thisistheboy.Heworkedwiththeboyintheoffice.Thisistheboy（who/whom/that）heworked

14、withintheoffice.=Thisistheboywithwhomheworkedintheoffice.关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which（指物）或whom（指人）。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在定语从句之尾。但是遇到固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不能前置。Isthisthebook（which/that）youarelookingfor?填适当的关系词1. Themanyoushookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.2. Theroommyfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.3. Didyouf

15、indthepenIwrotejustnow?4. DidyoufindthecompositionIwrotejustnow?考点四先行词指物时，只能用that作引导词的定语从句1）先行词前有all,little,few,much,any,every,no等修饰时。例如：Thereislittleworkthatisfitforyou.没什么工作适合你做。I haveeatenallthefoodthatisleft.我把剩下的所有食物都吃了。2）主句出现who或which时，为了避免重复，多用that引导。例如：Whichisthehousethatcaughtfireyesterday?

16、昨天失火的是那座房子？3）先行词被序数词以及last,next等修饰时。例如：It'sthelastbusthatyoucancatch.这是你可以赶上的末班车。Hestoppedthefourththiefthatwasrunningaway.他把准备逃跑的第四个小偷拦截下来了。4）先行词是名词化的最高级形容词，或者先行词被最高级形容词修饰时。例如：Youcanchoosethebestthatyouthink.你可以挑选你认为是最好的。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.这是我看过的最好的影片。He'sthefinestmanthatIhaveev

17、erworkedwith.他是我共事过的最好的人。5）先行词被theonly,thevery，thelast,thejust,thesame等修饰时。例如：You'retheonlypersonthatImethere.你是我在这儿遇见的唯一的一个人。ThisistheveryshirtthatIamlookingfor.这正是我一直在寻找的衬衫。6）先行词同时包括人和物时。例如：Weoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatweareinterestedin.我们常常谈论我们感兴趣的人和事。练习题1, Isthereanythingyouwantt

18、obuyinthetown.2, Allwecandoistostudyhard.3, Thefirstonestandsupisalittleboy.轻松面对中考真题1. Jimdislikespeopletalkmuchbutneverdoanything.吉林通化）A.whomB.whenC.whoseD.who2. Ihatepeopletalkmuchbutdolittle.（宁夏）A.whomB.whoseC.whichD.who3. DoyouknowthegirlisfromCanada?（四川达州）Yes,hernameisHelen.A.whomB.whichC.whose

19、D.who4. Theyoungladywemetyesterdayisournewmathteacher.（山东东营）A.whatB.whoseC.whoD.Which5. Peter,thereissomeoneintheofficewouldliketospeakwithyou.（齐齐哈尔）A.whoB.whichC.whom6. Iliketheteacherclassesareveryinterestingandcreative.（甘肃兰州）A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whose7. Tenmonthshaspassed,butChinesepeoplestillreme

20、mberthoseexcitingdaysspentduringtheBeijing2008OlympicGames.A.thatB.whoC.when8. Doyouknowtheboyisplayingsoccerthere?（恩施州）Certainly.HeisafriendofmyA.who;brother'sC.whom;brother's9. WhatshouldIdohere?（09湖北武汉）Justputallthethingstheywere.A.whereB.whenC.whoseB.who;brotherD.whose;brotherD.which10.

21、Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike?（湖北仙桃）Ilikemusichasgreatlyrics.A、thatB、whoC、whoseD、what11. Theskirtismadeofsilkisveryexpensive.Ican'taffordit.（湖北孝感）A.whatB./C.thatD.it13. ThisisthenoveliswrittenbyGuoJingming.（山东德州）A.whoB.whatC.that14. Idon'tknowtheteacheristalkingwithMissWang.（山东淄博）A.whatB.whomC,wh

22、ichD.who15. -DoyouknowtheboyissittingnexttoPeter?-Yes.HeisPeter'sfriend.Theyarecelebratingthisbirthday.（广东深圳）theyD./A.who,ninthB.that,ninethC,/,ninethD.which,ninth16. DisneyisanamusementparkyoucanfindallthenormalattractionsandDisneymoviesandcharacters.（四川绵阳）A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when17. Thegirly

23、outalkedaboutyesterdaywasourmonitor.（09广东湛江）A.whoB.whenC.whichD.whose18. Isthatthemanhelpedusalotaftertheearthquake?（09浙江湖杭州）A.whoseB.whichC.whenD.who19. ThewholeworldisfightingagainsttheH1N1,adiseasehascausedmanydeaths.（浙江绍兴）A.whoB.whichC.whomD.What关系词先行词所指关系词在定语从句中的作用关系代词that人/物主、宾、which物主、宾、who人主

24、、宾语whom人宾语whose人/物定语as人/物/事情主、宾、关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语总结：在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：1由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，又在从句中充当一个成分，因此，要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。2当先行词指人时，关系代词可用who（做主语，宾语），that（做主语，宾语），whom（作宾语），whose（作定语）3当先行词指物时，关系代词可用that（做主语，宾语），which（做主语，宾语）4再定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词长可省略，但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时，介词后

25、只用whom，指物时，介词后只用which。5在非限制性定语从句中，指人时，只用who，指物时，只用which。考点五限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.Mysister,whoistwenty,worksinabank.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。在非限制性定语从句中，指人时，只用who，指物时，

26、只用which。(不用that)ShelookedatJeff,whowaswavinghisarms.Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,islovedbymostpeopleintheworld.(1).Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.(当关系代词指代整个主句内容时。)考点六关系副词1) when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。例如：Couldyoustillrememberthetimewhenthetrainleft?你还记得列车发车的时间吗？I'llneverforgettheda

27、tewhenIjoinedtheEnglishclub.我绝不会忘记我加入英语俱乐部的日期2) where表示地点，在从句中作地点状语。例如：Thisistheshoefactorywhereyourfatherworks.这是你父亲工作的鞋厂.Pleaseshowmetheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.请带我到事故发生的现场去。3) why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词通常是reason一词。例如：Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool?你知道他上学迟到的原因吗？Pleasetellmethereasonwhy

28、youwon'tcome.请告诉我你不能来的原因。4) when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于"介词+关系代词(which)”。I'llneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)IjoinedtheEnglishclub.5) where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于"介词+关系代词(which)”。Thisisthehousewhere(inwhich)Ilivedtwoyearsago。6) why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于"介词for+关系代词(which)”。Doyouknowthereasonwhy(forwhich

29、)shewaslate？合成句子1Thecitywasbeautiful.Wespentourvacationinthecity.Thecitywherewespentourvacationwasbeautiful.2 Thatistherestaurant.Iwillmeetyouintherestaurant.ThatistherestaurantwhereIwillmeetyou.3 Thetownissmall.Igrewupinthetown.ThetownwhereIgrewupissmall.4 Thatisthedrawer.Ikeepmynewpapersinthedrawe

30、r.ThatisthedrawerwhereIkeepmynewspapers.5. Mondayistheday.WewillcomeonMonday.MondayisthedayWhenwewillcome.6. 7：05isthetime.Myplanearrivesthen.7：05isthetimewhenmyplanearrives:7. 1960istheyear.Therevolutiontookplacethen.I960istheyearwhentherevolutiontookplace.8. Julyisthemonth.Theweatherisusuallytheho

31、ttestthen.Julyisthemonthwhentheweatherisusuallythehottest.9. IneverforgetthedayIfirstcametotheGreatWall.Thisisthehousetheoldmanlives.练习题1. ShewillneverforgetthedayshespentinBeijing.2. ShewillneverforgetthedayshestayedwithhiminBeijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、why3.Thisisoneofthebestbooks.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenD.thathavewr