英语国家概况课程第3次形成性考核答案与讲评

1、英语国家概况（1）课程形成性考核题英语国家概况（1）课程第3次形成性考核答案与讲评（Unit11-20）I.TrueorFalse:IrelandUnit11Land,PeopleandHistory(T)01.WhenreferringtoIreland,peoplemeaneithertheRepublicofIrelandorNorthernIreland,aprovinceofGreatBritain.(Unit11)(F)02.TheareacoveringtherepublicofIrelandistentimesofthatofNorthernIreland.(Unit11)Th

2、eareacoveringtherepublicofIrelandisfivetimesofthatofNorthernIreland.(T)(T)03.AftertheGreatFamine,therewasarapiddeclineofpopulationandmanyIrishpeopleimmigratedtoothercountries.(Unit11)(T)04.TheRepublicofIrelandisayoungcountrywithmorethanhalfofthepeopleundertheageof25.(Unit11)(F)05.Theword“Ireland”isu

3、sedambiguouslytomeantheRepublicofIreland.(Unit11)Theword“Ireland”isusedambiguouslytomeanboththeRepublicofIrelandandNorthernIreland.(T)Unit12PoliticsandEconomy(F)06.InIreland,thepresidentistheHeadofStateandhasexecutivepower.(Unit12)InIreland,thepresidentisonlyasymbolicHeadofStateanddoesnothaveexecuti

4、vepower.(T)(T)07.TheIrishParliamentisresponsibleofmakinglaws,andtheSenateonlyhasthepowerofmakingrecommendations.(Unit12)(T)08.ThehighestinrankingintheIrishlegalsystemistheHighCourt,whichhasfulljurisdictionandpowersinallmattersoflaw.(Unit12)(T)09.Irelandhasanopenandtrade-dependenteconomy.(Unit12)(F)1

5、0.IrelandjoinedtheEUin1991.(Unit12)IrelandjoinedtheEUin1971.(T)Unit13IrishCulture:HowtheIrishLiveNow(F)11.TheobviouschangeoverthepastdecadesistheriseoftheauthorityoftheRomanCatholicChurchinIreland.(Unit13)TheobviouschangeoverthepastdecadesisthedeclineoftheauthorityoftheRomanCatholicChurchinIreland.(

6、T)(T)12.TheCatholicChurchisopposedtoabortionanddivorceinIreland.(Unit13)(F)13.Traditionally,Irelandwasanurbanandindustrialculture.(Unit13)Traditionally,Irelandhasbeenaruralandagriculturalculture.(T)(T)14.TodayfreeeducationprovidedbytheIrishgovernmentcoversallpublicuniversities,asiscommoninmostofthec

7、ountriesofEurope.(Unit13)(T)15.After1960s,theparticipationinsecondleveleducationrosefrom45%to90%.(Unit13)Unit14IrishCulture:Language,LiteratureandArts(T)16.TheGreatFaminelastedfrom1845to1848inIreland.(Unit14)(F)17.MostIrishpeoplenowgenerallyspeakIrish.(Unit14)MostIrishpeoplenowdonotgenerallyspeakIri

8、sh.(T)(T)18.Irelandhasatraditionalculturewhichhasderivedfromitsrichfolkheritage.(Unit14)(F)19.Irelandisnotedforitsvisualculturecomparedwithitsliteratureandmusic.(Unit14)Irelandisnotverynotedforitsvisualculturecomparedwithitsliteratureandmusic.(T)(T)20.ThemostnativelyIrishgameorsportishurling.(Unit14

9、)AustraliaUnit15TheLandandPeopleoftheDreaming(F)21.Intermsofitssize,Australiaisthelargestcontinentandthesmallestislandintheworld.(Unit15)Intermsofitssize,Australiaisthelargestislandandthesmallestcontinentintheworld.(T)(F)22.DreamingissharedbyalltheAustralianpeopleabouthowthefeaturesoftheirlandwerecr

10、eated.(Unit15)Dreamingissharedbythemembersofanindigenousgroupabouthowthefeaturesoftheirlandwerecreated.(T)(T)23.DreaminghelpstheindigenouspeopletosurviveintheharshenvironmentofthedesertofAustralia.(Unit15)(T)24.Whitesealersandpastoralistsexploitedtheindigenouspeople'sknowledgeofthelandandcreated

11、wealthforthecolonizers.(Unit15)(T)25.Theplatypus,thekangaroo,thekoalaorwombatareanimalthatareuniquetothecontinentofAustralia.(Unit15)Unit16ReligioninAustraliaToday(T)26.ProtestantismhasbeenthemostdominantformofreligioninAustraliasince1788.(Unit16)(T)27.TheProtestantethicsupportstheSpiritofCapitalism

12、andfurthersitsdevelopment.(Unit16)(F)28.TheCatholicChurchusedtobethedominantreligioninthebetterpartofAustralianhistory.(Unit16)TheAnglicanChurchusedtobethedominantreligioninthebetterpartofAustralianhistory.(T)(F)29.TheJewishpeoplehavecontributedmuchlessthantheirsharetothedevelopmentofAustraliasociet

13、y.(Unit16)TheJewishpeoplehavecontributedmuchmorethantheirsharetothedevelopmentofAustraliasociety.(T)(F)30.ThefistMuslimswhocametoAustraliaweregolddiggers.(Unit16)ThefistMuslimswhocametoAustraliawerecameldrivers.(T)Unit17FromPenalColonyto“FreeMigration”(T)31.TheEuropeansettlementinAustraliastartedin1

14、788isSydney.(Unit17)(F)32.Convicts'wivesinEnglandwereencouragedfromfollowingtheirhusbandtoAustralia.(Unit17)Convicts'wivesinEnglandwerediscouragedfromfollowingtheirhusbandtoAustralia.(T)(T)33.Theconvicthusbandsoffreewivescouldbeassignedtoworkfortheirownfamiliesasticket-of-leaveservants.(Unit

15、17)(T)34.FrancisGreenawaywasanemancipistwhodesignedsomefinebuildingsinSydney.(Unit17)(F)35.Mr.Peek'sstoryshowsthescarcityofresourcesinthecolony.(Unit17)Mr.Peek'sstoryshowscapitalism'sinabilitytoretainlabourers.(T)Unit18AustraliaasaLiberalDemocraticSociety(T)36.TheAustralianpoliticalsyste

16、mfollowsthewesterndemocratictradition,reflectingBritishandNorthAmericanexperience.(Unit18)(T)37.ItisgenerallyacknowledgedthatthePrimeMinisterandtheCabinetatthefederallevelisthecentreofAustralianparliamentarypower.(Unit18)(T)38.LawsoftheStateshouldbechangediftheydon'tagreewiththefederallaws.(Unit

17、18)(T)39.ManymigrantspouredintoAustraliaduringthe1850s.Asaresult,theAustralianpopulationincreasedby50%inthatdecade.(Unit18)(F)40.TheGovernor-GeneralistherealheadoftheCabinetinAustralia.(Unit18)TheGovernor-GeneralistheformalheadoftheexecutivebranchofthegovernmentinAustralia.(T)Unit19BureaucraticPower

18、andWhistle-Blowers(T)41.TheEliteTheorymainlyfocusesontheroleoftheexecutiveandthecitizenry.(Unit19)(F)42.GovernmentdepartmentsareundertheauthorityofboththeelectedministersandtheHeadsofDepartment.(Unit19)Governmentdepartmentsareundertheauthorityofboththeelectedministersandthenon-electedHeadsofDepartme

19、nt.(T)(T)43.Generallyspeaking,thepublicservantsofagovernmentdepartmentdonotchangewhenthegovernmentchanges.(Unit19)(F)44.Whistle-blowersareresponsibleofficials.(Unit19)Whistle-blowersareresponsiblecitizenswhosuperviseofficials.(T)(F)45.Thewhistle-blowingsyndromeischaracterizedbyalackofinvestigationof

20、thecomplaintsexternally.(Unit19)Thewhistle-blowingsyndromeischaracterizedbyalackofinvestigationofthecomplaintsbothinternallyandexternally.(T)Unit20FromRacismtoMulticulturalism(T)46.Fewnon-BritishmigrantsbenefitedfromassistedmigrationinAustralia.(Unit20)(F)47.ThePacificIslanderswereabductedtoworkinth

21、esugarindustryofNewSouthWales.(Unit20)ThePacificIslanderswereabductedtoworkinthesugarindustryofNorthernQueensland.(T)(T)48.Theoriginalintentionofthemassivepost-warimmigrationprogrammewastokeepAustralia“whiteandfree”.(Unit20)(F)49.TheOneNationPartycomplainedthatthegovernmenthadpaidtoolittleattentiont

22、othewelfareoftheindigenouspeopleandthedevelopmentofMulticulturalism.(Unit20)TheOneNationPartycomplainedthatthegovernmenthadpaidtoomuchattentiontothewelfareoftheindigenouspeopleandthedevelopmentofMulticulturalism.(T)(T)50.TheGurindjipeoplestrikeattheWaveHillcattlestation,wonsupportnotonlyfromtheblack

23、community,butthewhiteworker'sunionaswell.(Unit20)II. Choosethebestanswer:IrelandUnit11Land,PeopleandHistory01.ItwassaidthatChristianitywasintroducedintoIrelandby.(Unit11)KeyDA. theVikingsB. theNormansC. BrianBoruD. SaintPatrick02.In1541,declaredtobethekingofIreland,thefirstEnglishmonarchtodoso.(

24、Unit11)KeyAA. HenryVIIB. QueenElizabethC. WilliamofOrangeD. JamesII03.ArthurGriffithdevelopedanewpoliticalpartyintheperiod1905-08knownas(Unit11)KeyCA. IrishRepublicanBrotherhoodB. UnitedIrishmenC. SinnFeinD. HomeRule04.In1916theIrishVolunteersandtheIrishCitizenArmystagedarebellionagainstBritishrule,

25、recordedinhistoryas.(Unit11)KeyAA. theEasterRisingof1916B. theHomeRulecampaignC. theFenianMovementD. thenationalagrarianmovement05.Aftertwoyearsofindependencewarbetween1919and1921,wassigned.(Unit11)KeyAA. theAnglo-IrishTreatyB. theHomeRulebillC. theActofUnionD. theTreatyofIndependenceUnit12Politicsa

26、ndEconomy06.Thedailybusinessofthegovernmentisexecutedbythe.(Unit12)KeyAA. cabinetB. parliamentC. senateD. PrimeMinister07.HowlongistheofficetermofthePresidentofIreland?(Unit12)KeyDA. 4years.B. 5years.C. 6years.D. 7years.08.HowmanymembersdoestheSenateconsistof?(Unit12)KeyBA. 60B. 66C. 106D. 16609.Upu

27、ntil1970'stheIrisheconomywas.(Unit12)KeyAA. inward-lookingB. trade-dependentC. basedonservicesD. basedonmanufacturing10.Undertheconstitution,thePresidentofIrelandiselectedby.(Unit12)KeyCA. themajorityoftheParliamentandSenateB. themainpartyC. directvotefromIrishpeopleD. indirectvotefromIrishpeopl

28、eUnit13IrishCulture:HowtheIrishLiveNow11.WhatisthefirstofficiallanguageoftheIrishRepublic?(Unit13)KeyBA. EnglishB. IrishC. CelticD. Gaelic12. Inthepastyears,Irelandhaspassedfrombeingatraditionalculturetoapostindustrialone,withoutanyoftheinterveningstate.(Unit13)KeyCA. 10B. 20C. 30D. 4013. InbothNort

29、hernIrelandandtheRepublic,joiningthehasprovidedalarger,federalcontextwhichgivesamoregenerousperspectiveonparticularnationaldifficulties.(Unit13)KeyDA. UKB. UNC. NATOD. EU14. Nowaboutofallchildrenareborntosinglemothers.(Unit13)KeyBA. halfB. athirdC. twothirdsD. aquarter15. WheredoesanIrishmeetfriends

30、andneighboursonaninformalbasis?(Unit13)KeyAA. Inapublichouse.B. Athome.C. Inarestaurant.D. Inworkingplace.Unit14IrishCulture:Language,LiteratureandArts16. ThedeathblowtotheIrishlanguagewas.(Unit14)KeyCA. theBritishcolonialruleB. theindependenceofIrelandC. theGreatFamineD. Ireland'saccessiontothe

31、EU17. ThefirstIrishnationalstatewassetup.(Unit14)KeyCA. in1919B. in1920C. in1922D. in194918. Incommunication,theIrishvaluemost.(Unit14)KeyDA. writingB. gestureC. eyecontactD. talk19. InIreland,writerscanpublishtheirworks.(Unit14)KeyCA. onlyinIrishB. onlyinEnglishC. eitherIrishorEnglishD. neitherIris

32、hnorEnglish20. Amongthefollowingwriters,whichisnotIrishaccordingtotheclaimofIreland?(Unit14)KeyAA. CharlesDickensB. JonathanSwiftC. BernardShawD. OscarWildeAustraliaUnit15TheLandandPeopleoftheDreaming21. WhichofthefollowingisNOTanativeAustraliananimal?(Unit15)KeyAA. Sheep.B. Wombat.C. Koala.D. Kanga

33、roo.22. 80%ofAustralian'spopulationlives.(Unit15)KeyCA. inthenorth,eastandsouthwestofthecountryB. intheeastern,centralandwesternareasofthecountryC. intheeastern,southernandsouthwesternbordersofthecountryD. inthenorthern,easternandwesternhillsofthecountry23. AccordingtotheDreaming,.(Unit15)KeyDA.

34、 peopleshouldexploitthelandasmuchastheycanB. thelandbelongstopeoplewhocultivateitC. thelandisthecreatorofpeopleD. peopleareapartoftheland24. WhendidtheBritishtakeoverthecontinentofAustraliaanddeclareit“terranullius”?(Unit15)KeyDA. Inthe15thcentury.B. Inthe16thcentury.C. Inthe17thcentury.D. Inthelate

35、18thcentury.25. Australia'spracticeofracialsegregationwassimilartothatof.(Unit15)KeyCA. PortugalandtheU.S.B. HollandandSouthAfricaC. SouthAfricaandtheU.S.D. PortugalandHollandUnit16ReligioninAustraliaToday26. Whichofthefollowingreligionshasan“elecvtieaffinity”withcapitalism?(Unit16)KeyDA. Buddhi

36、smB. JudaismC. IslamD. Protestantism27. WhichofthefollowinghasthedemographicsupremacyinAustraliatoday?(Unit16)KeyCA. TheAnglicanChurchB. ThesecularismC. CatholicismD. Buddhism28. WhichofthefollowingisNOTapartoftheProtestantvaluesystem?(Unit16)KeyAA. Self-indulgence.B. Rationalism.C. Asceticism.D. In

37、dividualism.29. TherelationshipbetweentheDreamingandProtestantismintermsofhuman-naturerelationsis.(Unit16)KeyBA. compatibleB. contrastingC. similarD. complementary30. WhichofthefollowingwasNOTanimportantforceinformingAustralianunionism?(Unit16)KeyBA. WorkingclassProtestants.B. Fundamentalists.C. Cat

38、holics.D. Secularists.Unit17FromPenalColonyto“FreeMigration”31. Whichofthefollowingwasestablishedasfreecolony?(Unit17)KeyAA. WesternAustraliaB. NewSouthWalesC. TasmaniaD. Queensland32. Emancipistswere.(Unit17)KeyDA. magistratesB. pastoralistsC. retiredofficialsD. ex-convicts33. Whichofthefollowingbe

39、camethemostsuccessfulex-convictbusinesswoman?(Unit17)KeyBA. ElizabethRuseB. MaryReibyC. AnnEvansD. MargretMcDonald34. TheWakefieldSchemewasimplementedmostthoroughlyin.(Unit17)KeyCA. QueenslandB. NewSouthWalesC. SouthAustraliaD. Victoria35. The“Currentlychildren”werethantheirpeersinEngland.(Unit17)Ke

40、yDA. weakerandpalerB. bettereducatedC. poorerD. lesscriminalUnit18AustraliaasaLiberalDemocraticSociety36. WhichofthefollowinghelpedtoincreasethepopulationofAustraliasignificantly?(Unit18)KeyCA. Thelongwoolboom.B. TheSecondWorldWar.C. Thegoldrush.D. Theminimumwage.37. WhichofthefollowingwasNOTsourceo

41、fmigrantsforthepost-WorldWarIIassistedmigrationtoAustralia?(Unit18)KeyAA. TheMiddleEast.B. BritainC. SouthernEuropeD. EasternEurope38. Theriseoftheunemploymentratein1970swascausedby.(Unit18)KeyBA. fiercecompetitionbetweenAustralianmanufacturersB. loweringofthetariffsystemC. massiveimmigrationprogram

42、meD. controlofforeignexchangedealings39. WhichofthefollowinghasthebiggestdeclineinitsshareofAustralia'sexport?(Unit18)KeyBA. ThemineralindustryB. TheruralsectorC. ThemanufacturingindustryD. Highereducation40. WhichofthefollowinghashappenedinAustralianeconomy?(Unit18)KeyAA. Tariffrateshavelowered

43、B. ThecentralizedwagesystemhavebeenabolishedC. Theforeignexchangemarketshavebeenbroughtunderstatecontrol.D. WorkmigrationtoAustraliahasbeenmadeeasier.Unit19BureaucraticPowerandWhistle-Blowers41. WhichofthefollowingisusedtodescribethemassintheEliteTheoryofpower?(Unit19)KeyCA. Responsible.B. Well-info

44、rmed.C. Politicallypassive.D. Indifferent.42. Itwasbelievedbefore1980sthatshouldplaythecentralroleinthepromotionandmaintenanceofthesocialprosperity.(Unit19)KeyAA. thegovernmentB. theprivatebusinessC. thebureaucratsD. thecitizens43. WhatadvantagedotheHeadsofDepartmentshaveovertheelectedministers?(Uni

45、t19)KeyCA. Theyarefreefrompoliticalpowerstruggle.B. Theyarebetter-educated.C. Theyhavethespecialistexpertiseinrelevantfield.D. Theyaresupportedbyalargebureaucracyofexperts.44. Whichofthefollowingdescribethechangesinministerialbureaucraticrelationshipsafter1980s?(Unit19)KeyBA. Demonisationoftheminist

46、erialroles.B. Politicisationofthepublicservice.C. Neutralisationofthebureaucracy.D. MarginalizationoftheHeadsofDepartment.45. ClosertiesbetweentheGovernmentandtheOppositionmayhavenegativeimpacton.(Unit19)KeyDA. thefundingtopublicserviceB. therelationshipbetweentheGovernmentandtheOppositionC. theperf

47、ormanceoftheParliamentD. thequalityoftheadvicetothegovernmentUnit20FromRacismtoMulticulturalism46. AccordingtotheImmigrationRestrictionAct1901,allmigrantstoAustraliahadtotake.(Unit20)KeyBA. adictationtestintheirownlanguageB. adictationtestinaEuropeanlanguageC. acheckoftheirskincolourD. aphysicalchec

48、k47. Thepreferredmigrantgroupsforthepost-WorldWarIIimmigrationprogrammewere.(Unit20)KeyDA. theBritish,northernEuropeanandAsianB. thesouthernandcentralEuropeanandAsianC. thenorthern,southernandcentralEuropeanD. theBritish,northern,southernandcentralEuropean48. Whichofthefollowinggroupstendstooccupyth

49、elowerrangeofoccupation?(Unit20)KeyAA. TheMiddleEasternmigrants.B. NorthernEuropeans.C. Asianmigrants.D. Australian-bornworkers.49. Whichofthefollowingintroducedthepowertomoveaboriginalpeopleawayfromtownsandreserves?(Unit20)KeyAA. TheAboriginalProtectionAct1909.B. TheImmigrationRestrictionAct1901.C.

50、 TheMaboDecision.D. TheWikDecision.50. WhichofthefollowingisNOTacritiqueofMulticulturalismfromtheleft?(Unit20)KeyDA. IthasfailedtodominanceofAnglo-Australiansinthepoliticaleconomy.B. Ithasnoteliminateddiscriminationagainstrefugeesintheworkforce.C. Itallowstheinterestsofworkingclasstobeoverruledbybou

51、rgeoisieD. IthascausedincreasingdivisioninAustraliansocietywithpoliciesfavoringthemigrants.III.Explainthefollowingterms.IrelandUnit11Land,PeopleandHistory101. SinnFein(Unit11)SinnFeinisanIrishpoliticalparty,activeespeciallyinNorthernIreland,whichwantsNorthernIrelandtobecomepartoftheRepublicofIreland

52、.ItissometimescalledthewingoftheIRAS”in.nFeinwasdevelopedbyArthurGriffithintheperiod1905-08.Fromthemid-1990s,SinnFeinhadanactivepartinthepeaceprocess'(=theattemptstoachieveapeacefulsolutiontotheproblemsofNorthernIreland)underitspresidentGerryAdams.Unit12PoliticsandEconomy102. TheIrishParliament(

53、Unit12)TheParliamentofIrelandiscomprisedoftwohouses:theParliamentandtheSenate.GovernmentpolicyandadministrationmaybeexaminedandcriticizedinbothHouses,butundertheConstitutiontheGovernmentisresponsibletotheParliamentalone.Unit13IrishCulture:HowtheIrishLiveNow103. ThePoweroftheCatholicChurchinIreland(U

54、nit13)IrishCatholicismconcentratedonwhatitsawasmattersofsexualpurity.Theseattitudesgreatlyshapedtheattitudeofthenewrepublic.TheCatholicChurchexercisedafirmholdovereducationalstructures,overhospitals,overthemedia,andoverthewaypeoplethoughtaboutthemselvesandtheirlives,Thisbegantochangeonlyafterthelate

55、1970s.Unit14IrishCulture:Language,LiteratureandArts104. Hurling(Unit14)ThissportisthemostnativelyIrishgame.Itisplayedbytwoteamsoffifteenplayers,withaballlikeahockeyballwhichisstruckbywoodenstickswithacurved,roundedendorboss.AustraliaUnit15TheLandandPeopleoftheDreaming105. TheDreaming(Unit15)TheDreamingisthebeliefsystemfromancienttimesthathasboundindigenousgroupstogether.ThecentralprincipleoftheDreamingisthatthepeoplewholiveonthecontinenthavespecialresponsibilitiestotheland.Thepeopledon'towntheland,insteadthelandownthepeople.ThestoriesoftheDreamingprovideprinciples