药理学常考词汇中英文对照

1、Drug药物Pharmacology药理学Pharmacodynamics药效学Pharmacokinetics药动学Simplediffusion简单扩散Iontrapping离子障Absorption吸收Firstpasselimination首过消除Distribution分布Blood-brainbarrier血脑屏障Metabolism代谢Hepaticdrugenzyme肝药酶Enzymeinducingagent酶诱导剂Enzymeinhibitoryagent酶抑制剂Excretion排泄Enterohepaticcirculation肠肝循环Compartmentmodel房

2、室模型Firstordereliminationkinetics一级动力学消除Zeroordereliminationkinetics零级动力学消除Areaundercurve曲线下面积Steady-stateconcentration稳态浓度Loadingdose负荷剂量Maintenancedose维持量Half-life半衰期Clearanee清除率Volumeofdistribution表观分布容积Bioavailability生物利用度Drugaction药物作用Pharmacologicaleffect药理效应Excitation兴奋Inhibition抑制Selectivity选

3、择性Therapeuticeffect治疗效果Etiologicaltreatment对因治疗Symptomatictreatment对症治疗Supplementarytherapy补充治疗Adversedrugreaction不良反应Sidereaction副作用Toxicreaction毒性反应Residualreaction后遗效应Withdrawalreaction停药反应Allergicreaction过敏反应Idiosyncrasyreaction特异质反应Secondaryreaction继发反应Dependence依赖性Dose-effectrelationship量效关系Gr

4、adedresponse量反应Quantalresponse质反应Efficacy效能Potency效价强度Individualvariability个体差异Medianeffectivedose,ED50半数有效量Medianlethaldose,LD50半数致死量Marginofsafety安全范围Therapeuticindex(TI)治疗指数Receptor受体Ligand配体Agonist激动剂Fullagonist完全激动剂Partialagonist部分激动剂Antagonist拮抗剂Competitiveantagonist竞争性拮抗剂Noncompetitiveantagon

5、ist非竞争性拮抗剂Occupationtheory占领学说Intrinsicactivity内在活性Affinity亲和力Sparereceptor储备受体Silentreceptor沉默受体Downregulation受体下调Upregulation受体上调Incompatibility配伍禁忌Synergism协同作用Antagonism拮抗作用Placebo安慰剂Toleranee耐受性drugresistanee抗药性pilocarpine毛果云香硷neostigmine新斯的明atropine阿托品anisodamine山莨菪碱scopolamine东莨菪碱noradrenalin

6、e去甲肾上腺素adrnaline肾上腺素dopamine多巴胺isoproterenol异丙肾上腺素phentolamine酚妥拉明diazepam地西泮phenytoinsodium苯妥英钠L-dopa左旋多巴Chlorpromazine氯丙嗪Morphine吗啡pathidine,dolantin哌替啶，杜冷丁aspirin阿司匹林quinidine奎尼丁procainamide普鲁卡应胺lidocaine利多卡因propranolol普萘洛尔amiodarone胺碘酮verapamil维拉帕米captopril卡托普禾Ulosartan氯沙坦hydrochloroththiazide氢氯噻嗪nifedipine硝苯地平cionidine可乐定sodiumnitroprusside硝普钠prazosin哌唑嗪mecamylamine美加明glucocorticoids糖皮质激素cardiacglycoside强心苷digoxin地高辛insulin胰岛素chemotherapy化疗antibacterialspectrum抗菌谱antibacterialagents抗菌药物antibiotics抗生素superinfections二重