句子成分和五种句子类型

1、句子成分和五种句子类型现在学习的是第一页，共21页句子成分的构成句子成分的构成句子的主要成分：句子的主要成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语主语、谓语、宾语、表语句子的次要成分：句子的次要成分：定语、状语、补语、同位语定语、状语、补语、同位语、插入语插入语现在学习的是第二页，共21页 I saw my friend Tom standing at the station.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语宾宾语语补补足足语语现在学习的是第三页，共21页主语主语(subject)v1. 主语是句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体主语是句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体.v2.一般在一般在句首。句

2、首。v3. 一般由一般由名词，代词名词，代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。或相当于名词的词或短语充当。 1. We study in LianPing Middle School. 2.Our classroom is very clean. 3.To teach you English is my job. 4.Surfing, diving and swimming are all water sports. 5.Four plus four is eight. 6.What you said made me sad. 7.The young should respect the old.8

3、.It made me excited that dad bought me a computer.代词代词名词名词不定式不定式动名词动名词数词数词从句从句the+adj.it作形式主语作形式主语现在学习的是第四页，共21页历届高考题和模拟题历届高考题和模拟题1.He made another wonderful discovery，_ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B.which I think it is C. which I think it D.I think which is A2_ of the land i

4、n that district _ covered with trees and grass（2000 上海）上海）ATwo fifth; is BTwo fifth; are CTwo fifths; is DTwo fifth; are C现在学习的是第五页，共21页3. (2009 江苏江苏) At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport _ that it will bring a lot of jobs tothe area.A. is B. are C. will be D. was4. (2009 湖南湖

5、南 ) Every evening after dinner, if not _ fromwork, I will spend some time walking my dog.A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired5. At the foot of the mountain_.A. a village lie B. lies a village C. lie a village D. does a village lie ACB现在学习的是第六页，共21页6._fashion differs from country to count

6、ry may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A.What B.That C.This D.Which 7.It is pretty well understood_controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A.that B.when C.what D.how BC现在学习的是第七页，共21页7. Listen ! _ is about the lessons we will have to finish today. It B.

7、The one C. one D. The following8. (NMET95)_is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.ItDD现在学习的是第八页，共21页2.谓语谓语()v1. 表示主语的动作或状态。表示主语的动作或状态。v2. 必须由动词充当。必须由动词充当。v3.一般在一般在主语后面主语后面，和主语在人称和数方面必须一致。，和主语在人称和数方面必须一致。v谓语有简单谓语、复合谓语之分。谓语有简单谓语、复合谓语之分。v(1) 简单谓语：简

8、单谓语： 是由动词或动词词组组成的。是由动词或动词词组组成的。 vShe always studies hard.vHe often listens to music.v(2) 复合谓语：是由复合谓语：是由“情态动词或助动词情态动词或助动词 + 动词动词”构成构成.vHe can speak English.vWe have finished reading the book.vI did see her yesterday.现在学习的是第九页，共21页3.表语表语(predicative)v1. 说明主语的身份或特征。说明主语的身份或特征。v2. 位于位于系动词系动词后面。后面。v1.You

9、 look younger than before.v2.I am a teacher.v3.Jim is out.v4.Now they are at home.v5.Im not quite myself today.v6.He got lost in the forest.v7.His hobby is swimming.v8.My job is to teach you English.v9.The book is what I need.形容词形容词名词名词副词副词介词短语介词短语反身代词反身代词过去分词过去分词动名词动名词不定式不定式从句从句现在学习的是第十页，共21页 4.宾语宾

10、语(object)v1. 表示动作的对象或结果。表示动作的对象或结果。v2.用在用在及物动词或介词及物动词或介词后面后面.vShe is playing the piano. He often helps me. He likes to sleep in the open air. He is addicted to smoking. We enjoy living in China. 3.宾语包括直接宾语和间接宾语。宾语包括直接宾语和间接宾语。 vPlease pass me the book.v= Please pass the book to me.vHe bought her some

11、 flowers.v=He bought some flowers for her.现在学习的是第十一页，共21页5.宾语补足语宾语补足语(object complement)v放在宾语后面放在宾语后面,对宾语进行对宾语进行补充说明补充说明,与宾语一起构成与宾语一起构成复合宾语复合宾语。vI made my room beautiful.vI can see her dancing there.vHe made himself known to them.vShe asked me to lend her my bike.vPlease make yourself at home.vPleas

12、e keep the dog out.vWe call her Miss Zhang.形容词形容词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词不定式不定式介词短语介词短语副词副词名词名词现在学习的是第十二页，共21页6.主语补足语主语补足语(subject complement)v对对主语主语进行补充说明。进行补充说明。v把下列句子改为被动语态把下列句子改为被动语态:v1.We saw Tom dancing in his room.vTom was seen dancing in his room.v2.They elected Jim monitor of their class.vJim was e

13、lected monitor of their class.v3.We will make our country strong.vOur country will be made strong.现在学习的是第十三页，共21页定语定语(attribute)v用来修饰用来修饰名词或代词名词或代词,v1.You are a clever boy.v2.I want to tell you something important. v3.His father works in a shoe factory.v4.There are 66 students in our class.v5.Do you

14、 know bettys sister?v6.There is a sleeping baby in bed.v7.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.v8.We have nothing to do. v9.His spoken English is good.v10.The girl in red is his sister.v11.Do you know the man who stands there?形容词形容词物主代词物主代词数词数词名词所有格名词所有格现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词介词短语介词短语形容词形容词现在分词

15、短语现在分词短语从句从句不定式不定式名词名词现在学习的是第十四页，共21页 状语状语(adverbial)v1. 修饰动词，形容词或副词修饰动词，形容词或副词, 。v2. 一般表示行为发生的一般表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度，结时间，地点，目的，方式，程度，结果，条件，让步和伴随果，条件，让步和伴随等意义。等意义。v1.He did it carefully.v2.She is very enthusiastic about it.v3.He works extremely hard.v4.He comes to see us every day.v5.He is at the l

16、ibrary looking up some information.v6.Ill be back in a while.v7.Without his help, we couldnt work it out. v8.He was late because of the heavy rain.v9.Please call me up if it is necessary.v10.She was beautiful when she was a girl.现在学习的是第十五页，共21页同位语同位语appositionv对前面的对前面的名词或代词名词或代词做进一步解释做进一步解释,说明它们说明它们

17、的性质和情况。的性质和情况。v1. Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. v2. I myself will do the experiment.v3. She is the oldest among them six.v4. The news that he is ill worries us.名词名词反身代词反身代词数词数词从句从句现在学习的是第十六页，共21页插入语插入语(parentheses) v对一句话进行对一句话进行附加说明或解释附加说明或解释，通常由一个词、一个短语，通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成，常置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗或一个

18、句子构成，常置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。号或破折号与句子隔开。v1.Generally speaking, the more hard-working you are, the more likely you will succeed. v2.Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. Unfortunately，neither of them could swim. v3.Your performance in the driving test didnt reach the required standard，in other words, you failed. v4.It is so nice to hear from her. Believe it or not ，we last met more than thirty years ago. v5. Strange to say, he should have done such a thing. 现在学习的是第十七页，共21页分析下列句子成分分析下列句子成分v1. Everyone laughed.v2.