脑解剖专有名词

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Central nervous system (CNS) 中枢神经系统Peripheral nervous system (PNS) 周围神经系统Brain 脑Telencephalon 端脑Diencephalon 间脑Cerebellum 小脑Brain stem 脑干 Midbrain 中脑Pons 脑桥Medulla oblongata 延髓Spinal cord 脊髓Cranial (12 pairs) 脑神经Spinal (31 pairs) 脊神经Visceral 内脏神经Sympathetic part 交感神经Parasympathetic part

2、 副交感神经Neurons 神经元 Cell body 胞体Axon 轴突Dendrites 树突 Neuroglia glial cell胶质细胞 Bipolar neuron 双极神经元 Pseudounipolar neuron 假单极神经元Multipolar neuron多极神经元Sensory (efferent) neuron 感觉神经元Motor (afferent) neuron 运动神经元Association neuron 联络神经元Gray matter 灰质Cortex皮质White matter白质Medulla髓质Nucleus神经核Fasciculus 纤维束R

3、eticular formation 网状结构Ganglion 神经节Nerve 神经Central sulcus 中央沟Lateral sulcus 外侧沟Parietooccipital sulcus 顶枕沟Frontal lobe 额叶Parietal lobe 顶叶Temporal lobe 颞叶Occipital lobe 枕叶Insular lobe 岛叶Precentral sulcus 中央前沟Superior frontal sulcus 额上沟Inferior frontal sulcus 额下沟Precentral gyrus 中央前回Superior frontal g

4、yrus 额上回Middle frontal gyrus 额中回Inferior frontal gyrus 额下回Postcentral sulcus 中央后沟 Postcentral gyrus中央后回 Intraparietal sulcus 顶内沟 Superior parietal lobule 顶上小叶 Inferior parietal lobule 顶下小叶 Supramarginal gyrus 缘上回 Angular gyrus 角回Superior temporal sulcus 颞上沟Inferior temporal sulcus 颞下沟Superior tempor

5、al gyrus 颞上回 Middle temporal gyrus 颞中回 Inferior temporal gyrus 颞下回 Transverse temporal gyri 颞横回Corpus callosum 胼胝体 Callosal sulcus 胼胝体沟 Cingulate gyrus 扣带回Cingulate sulcus 扣带沟 Marginal ramus 缘支Paracentral lobule 中央旁小叶Calcarine sulcus 距状沟 Cuneus 楔叶 Lingual gyrus 舌回Olfactory bulb 嗅球 Olfactory tract 嗅束

6、 Olfactory trigone 嗅三角 Anterior perforated substance 前穿质 Collateral sulcus 侧副沟 Occipitotemporal sulcus 枕颞沟 Medial occipitotemporal gyrus 枕颞内侧回 Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus 枕颞外侧回 Hippocampal sulcus 海马沟 Parahippocampal gyrus 海马旁回 Uncus 钩 Hippocampus 海马 Dentate gyrus 齿状回 Hippocampal formation 海马结构Arc

7、hicortex 原皮质 (hippocampal formation 海马结构)Paleocortex 古皮质 (rhinencephalon 嗅脑) Neocortex 新皮质 (most of cerebral cortex)Vestibular area平衡觉区 Olfactory area 嗅觉区Taste area 味觉区Motor speech area 运动性语言中枢Writing area 书写中枢Auditory speech area 听觉性语言中枢Visual speech area 视觉性语言中枢Lateral ventricle 侧脑室Corpus striatum

8、 纹状体Lentiform nucleus 豆状核（Globus pallidus 苍白球paleostriatum 旧纹状体；putamen 壳）Caudate nucleus 尾状核Neostriatum 新纹状体Claustrum 屏状核Amygdaloid body 杏仁体Association fibers 联络纤维Cerebral arcuate fibers 大脑弓状纤维Superior longitudinal fasciculi 上纵束Inferior longitudinal fasciculi 下纵束Uncinate fasciculus 钩束Cingulum 扣带Commissural fibers 连合纤维Corpus callosum胼胝体Anterior commissure 前连合Fornix and commissure of fornix 穹隆和穹隆连合Projection fibers投射