美国文学课件

1、“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”雪夜林边小驻雪夜林边小驻 by Robert frost In June, 1922 ,Frost had been up the whole night writing the long poem “New Hampshire” and had finally finished when he realized morning had come. He went out to view the sunrise and suddenly got the idea for “Stopping by Woods on a

2、Snowy Evening.” He wrote the new poem in just a few minutes and later stated that “It was as if Id had a hallucination(幻觉）.“ It was published in 1923 in his New Hampshire . Setting of this poemStanza 1 Whose woods these are I think I know, 我知道林子的主人是谁，我知道林子的主人是谁， His house is in the village though. 虽

3、村落是他所居之地。虽村落是他所居之地。 He will not see me stopping here, 他不会看到我停留于此，他不会看到我停留于此， To watch his woods fill up with snow. 凝视他的林子雪花纷飞。凝视他的林子雪花纷飞。 My little horse must think it queer, 我的小马一定以我为怪，我的小马一定以我为怪， To stop without a farmhouse near, 近无房舍，为何停伫。近无房舍，为何停伫。 Between the woods and frozen lake, 况只有林子与冰湖，况只有

4、林子与冰湖， The darkest evening of the year. 和一年中最黑之夜。和一年中最黑之夜。 Stanza 2strange or unusualin queer streetWriting Skills Rhythm and Rhyme(格律格律) Symbolism(象征象征) Rhythm and Rhyme Rhythm and Rhyme(格律格律)：this poem is written in Iambic tetrameter。the rhyme scheme is AABA,BBCB,CCDC,DDDD, which is called interlo

5、cking enclosed rhyme(连锁抱韵连锁抱韵). Within the four lines of each stanza , the first, second, and fourth lines rhyme. The third line does not, but it sets up the rhymes for the next stanza. A notable exception comes in the final stanza, Whose woods these are I think I know, a His house is in the village

6、 though. aHe will not see me stopping here, bTo watch his woods fill up with snow. a Stanza 1Stanza 2My little horse must think it queer, b To stop without a farmhouse near, bBetween the woods and frozen lake, cThe darkest evening of the year. b2) SymbolismwoodsVillage & He (the owner of the woo

7、ds) SnowFrozen lake- the world of naturehuman world something of puritythe deathQuestion What causes the speaker to stop by the woods? Why does the horse think it queer? What does the owner and the horse have in common? How do they differ from the speaker? He gives his harness bells a shake, 他轻摇铃具他轻

8、摇铃具 To ask if there is some mistake. 询问有错与否。询问有错与否。 The only other sounds the sweep, 唯一的回复来自唯一的回复来自 Of easy wind and downy flake. 软雪和清风。软雪和清风。 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningStopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening The climax of the whole poem： the speaker is woke up by his horse, and steps out fan

9、tasy, but he lands himself into the contradiction between reality and fantasy. Metaphor (暗喻暗喻) Iambic tetrameter (抑扬格抑扬格) Personification (拟人拟人) Repetition(重复重复) Alliteration（头韵）（头韵）Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningHe gives his harness bells a shake它摇动缰铃，似乎在问：它摇动缰铃，似乎在问：To ask if there is some mi

10、stake你停在这里，是否有错？你停在这里，是否有错？诗人借助马铃声在这洁白寂静的诗人借助马铃声在这洁白寂静的世加入了声响，小马似乎以铃声世加入了声响，小马似乎以铃声来责怪主人的奇怪选择。来责怪主人的奇怪选择。 Personification (拟人拟人) The horse (1). “he”-horse (2). feels confused and asks question, “To ask if there is some mistake.” Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningThe only other sounds the sweep此外别无

11、任何的声音，此外别无任何的声音，Of easy wind and downy flake只有清风徐来，雪花飘落。只有清风徐来，雪花飘落。light and gentlesoft and fluffy (feathery） 连续的连续的s音另人似乎音另人似乎耳闻风吹耳闻风吹树林的嗖嗖声和雪飘树林的嗖嗖声和雪飘的簌簌声。的簌簌声。 The woods are lovely, dark and deep. 林子很美林子很美昏暗而幽深，昏暗而幽深， But I have promises to keep, 但我已有约要赴。但我已有约要赴。 And miles to go before I sleep,

12、 须行完路程才能安眠，须行完路程才能安眠， And miles to go before I sleep. 须行完路程才能安眠。须行完路程才能安眠。Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening The understanding of this stanza : The result of the conflict between reality and fantasy is that the speaker chooses to go on his way.Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningStopping by Woods

13、on a Snowy EveningThe woods are lovely, dark and deep树林幽深，景色迷人树林幽深，景色迷人But I have promises to keep,不过，我已有约要赴，不过，我已有约要赴，诗人来自社会，尽管大自然的魅力使他流连忘返，但是最终诗人来自社会，尽管大自然的魅力使他流连忘返，但是最终又回归社会。又回归社会。头韵；强调树林的幽头韵；强调树林的幽暗和深邃暗和深邃社会职责和义务社会职责和义务 Metaphor (暗喻暗喻) woods-the mystery of nature (wildness &madness) promise-

14、the unavoidable responsibilities miles-long distance/heavy duty in life sleep-rest during night/end of life (death)Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningAnd miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep,诗人所描绘的是一幅现代人的通常体验：来自现实，诗人所描绘的是一幅现代人的通常体验：来自现实，逃避现实，最后重归现逃避现实，最后重归现采用采用重叠句的形式重叠句的形式以强调肩负

15、的责任之重大。以强调肩负的责任之重大。须行完路程才能安眠，须行完路程才能安眠，须行完路程才能安眠，须行完路程才能安眠， Repetition(重复重复) the last two stanzas: “and miles to go before I sleep, and miles to go before I sleep.” The first line stays on the superficial meaning: there is still a long distance before the speaker arrives home and sleeps. The second line implies a deeper meaning: there are still numerous responsibilities before the speakers life comes to end.conclusion Theme 1 This poem stresses a conflict between mans enjoyment of natural beauty and his responsibility in society. This sho