Grammar(directandindirectspeech)

1、M1U1 FriendshipShe said that her name was Anne Frank and her family was Jewish. My name is Anne Frank and my family is Jewish. My family and I are hiding in Amsterdam.She said that she and her family were hiding in Amsterdam. My only true friend is Kittymy diary. She said that her only true friend w

2、as Kittyher diary. After hiding here for a long time, Ive become crazy about nature. She said that after hiding there for a long time, she had become crazy about nature.Anne said: “My name is Anne Frank and my family is Jewish.” (Direct speech)She said that she and her family were hiding in Amsterda

3、m. (Indirect speech)引述别人的话语一般用两种方式引述别人的话语一般用两种方式: 一是原一是原封不动地引用原话封不动地引用原话, 放在引号内放在引号内, 叫直接引叫直接引语语(Direct speech); 一是用自己的话加以转一是用自己的话加以转述述, 这叫间接引语这叫间接引语(Indirect speech)。Look at these sentences. Can you find the difference between direct speech and indirect speech? “I dont want to set down a series of

4、facts in a diary,” said Anne. (Direct speech) Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary. (Indirect speech)2. “Does a friend always have to be a person?” the writer asks us. The writer asks us if a friend always has to be a person.3. Annes sister asked her what she called

5、 her diary. (Indirect speech) “What do you call your diary?” Annes sister asked her. (Direct speech)4. Father asked Anne why she had gone to bed so late the night before. “Why did you go to bed so late last night?” Father asked Anne.1. She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.” She

6、 often says (that) all men and women are equal under the law.Look at the sentences and find the rules. 直接引语转变为间接引语时直接引语转变为间接引语时, 从句从句 由由that引导引导, 可省略可省略; 主句动词为一般主句动词为一般将来时或现在时将来时或现在时, 从句动词时态不变。从句动词时态不变。2. “I like reading stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading stories.3. “I dont like ca

7、rs,” Sarah said to him. Sarah told him that she didnt like cars.2. 直接引语转变为间接引语时，人称要直接引语转变为间接引语时，人称要进行相应变化；且主句动词为一般过进行相应变化；且主句动词为一般过去时时，去时时，从句动词时态应为过去时的从句动词时态应为过去时的相应时态。相应时态。直接引语里的第一人称和第二人称，变间直接引语里的第一人称和第二人称，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。如：接引语时，人称要做相应调整。如：1. She said, “I am hungry.” She said she was hungry.2. Mum

8、said to me, “You can do it yourself.” Mum told me that I could do it myself. 3. Mr. Smith said, “He is a good worker. Mr. Smith said that he was a good worker. 1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ looked worried that day. 2. We said to her, “Theyre cleaning the room.” We

9、 told her that _ were cleaning the room. 3. Mr. Black said, “I have walked a long way.” Mr. Black said that _ had walked a long way. I theyhe直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。要与主句的时态一致。He says, “I treat you as my son.”He says that he treats me as his son.1. 主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时, 现在完成时或一般现在完成

10、时或一般将来时的时候将来时的时候, 间接引语时态不变。间接引语时态不变。直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般现在时一般现在时“I know it,” he said.一般过去时一般过去时He said he knew it. 2. 主句为过去时主句为过去时, 从句要跟着相应的变化。从句要跟着相应的变化。 现在进行时现在进行时“Im making coffee for you all,” she said.过去进行时过去进行时She said she was making coffee for us all. 直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化

11、后变化后)现在完成时现在完成时“I have seen her before,” said he. 过去完成时过去完成时He said he had seen her before. 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时He said, “I have been doing it for hours.”过去完成进行时过去完成进行时He said he had been doing it for hours. 直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般过去时一般过去时“I saw her last Monday,” he said.过去完成时过去完成时He said he ha

12、d seen her the previous Monday. 过去进行时过去进行时“I was waiting for Jim,” she said. 过去完成进行时过去完成进行时She said she had been waiting for Jim.直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般将来时一般将来时He said: “We shall start tomorrow.”过去将来时过去将来时He said they would start the next day.过去完成时过去完成时“Rick had been ill for many days til

13、l he died.” Jack said.过去完成时过去完成时Jack said Rick had been ill for many days till he died. 一般现在时一般现在时现在完成时现在完成时现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时过去将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时不变不变1. “It is really cold,” she said to me. She told me that it _ really cold.was2. “I dont

14、want to go there with Alice,” said Tom.Tom said that he _ want to go there with Alice.didnt3. The boy said, “I will be a pilot.” The boy said that he _ a pilot.”would be4. Tom said, “We are listening to music.” Tom said that they _ music.were listening to5. Mike said, “I have finished my homework.”

15、Mike said _ his homework.he had finished 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语时时 间间 状状 语语 now today this week yesterdaylast weekfour days agotomorrow next monththe day after tomorrowthe day before yesterdaythen that day that weekthe day beforethe week beforefour days beforethe next daythe next monthin two days timetwo

16、days before 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词 地点状语地点状语 方向性动词方向性动词 this that these those here there come go bring take They asked, “Is it easy to solve the problem?”They asked if / whether it is easy to solve the problem wasThey asked if it was easy to solve the problem.He asked, “When do you harvest the whe

17、at?”He askedwhenyou harvest the wheat.we harvestedThey asked when we harvested the wheat.注意：注意：疑问句变为间接引语时疑问句变为间接引语时, 除了要把疑除了要把疑问语序改为问语序改为陈述语序陈述语序, 由由whether/if 或特殊疑问词引导外或特殊疑问词引导外, 人称、时态和人称、时态和状语状语等也要作相应地变化等也要作相应地变化。Change the first four sentences from direct speech into indirect speech and the rest

18、from indirect speech into direct speech. “I dont know the address of my new home,” said Anne.Anne said that she didnt know the address of her new home.2. “Ive got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows,” Anne said to her father.Anne told her father that she had got tired

19、 of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.对对厌烦厌烦3. “I need to pack up my things in the suitcase very quickly,” the girl said.4. “Why did you choose your diary and old letters?” her father asked her.The girl said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly.

20、 Her father asked her why she chose / had chosen her diary and old letters.打包打包手提箱手提箱5. Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.6. Margot asked her what else she had hidden under her overcoat.“Are you very hot with so many clothes on?” Mother asked/said to her.“What else

21、 have you hidden under your overcoat?” Margot asked her.7. Anne asked her father when they would go back home.8. Father asked Anne why she had talked so much to that boy.“When shall we go back home?” Anne asked her father.“Why did you talk so much to that boy?” Father asked Anne. 直接引语变间接引语，下列情况时态不变直

22、接引语变间接引语，下列情况时态不变: The teacher said that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.The teacher said, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.”不变的真理不变的真理经常的习惯经常的习惯He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.直接引语为一般过去时并且与

23、具体时间直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用：状语连用：The teacher said, “The baby was born in 2010.” The teacher said the baby was born in 2010.She said to me, “You must hurry up.”部分情态动词部分情态动词, 如如: must, ought to, used to, had better 等。等。 She said that I must hurry up.如果在当地转述如果在当地转述, here 不必改为不必改为 there, 动词动词 come 不必改为不必改

24、为 go。如果在当天。如果在当天转述转述, yesterday/tomorrow 等时间状语等时间状语也不必改变。也不必改变。A: You neednt come here tomorrow.B: What did she say?C: She said that you neednt come here tomorrow.Pair work. One of you will be a child and the other the grandmother. The grandmother is listening to a weather report with her grandchild. Try to use indirect speech in your dialogu