English Interpreting figures 数字口译

1、 English Interpreting外国语学院外国语学院n Interpreting: Lecture4nFigures in Interpretingn n Figure interpreting理论学习理论学习n作为口译实战中的重点和难点，数字口译历来是口译教学中的重要组成部分。n在训练中口译学员有轻视简单基础练习和排斥枯燥机械训练的情绪，而一旦进入实战，往往被数字难住，以致口译失败。n要想学好数字口译并真正获得提高，学员必须静下心来认真按照老师的要求完成每一个部分的训练任务。 数字口译n数字翻译是口译中的一大难关，数字之所以难译，其中一个主要原因在于英语和汉语对于四位数以上的数字的

2、表达，有不同的段位概念和分段方法。英语数字以每三位数三位数为一段位，而汉语则以每四位数为四位数为一段位。 数字口译的过程数字口译的过程n1.听记阶段听记阶段n口译员必须有非常敏锐的数字反应识别能力，无论是听到中文还是英文，无论听到的是什么样的数字，译员必须能够在第一时间立即辨别出来，尤其是对于类似含有-ty和-teen这样的发音容易产生混淆的数字，必须进行一个阶段的辨音识数的训练数字口译的过程数字口译的过程n在听记阶段在听记阶段,由于受到人的记忆能力所限，为了保证口译中的数字准确无误，口译过程中还要借助笔记的辅助，因此口译员必须坚持听数字记笔记的习惯。关于数字的记录关于数字的记录n中文数字可以

3、采用“数字+单位”的记录方法，如：12万345613亿英文数字可以采用“数字+符号”的记录方法，如：123,4561.3b1B 234M 567T 890下图为汉英两种语言中的数位对照表数字的翻译数字的翻译口译数字的关键在于记录口译数字的关键在于记录填空计数填空计数b?m?th十亿亿千万百万十万万千百十个数字口译的过程数字口译的过程n2.数字转换数字转换n通过上图我们可以看出，汉英两种语言中的数字单位不是一一对应的，除了个、十、百（hundred）、千（thousand）百万（million）,十亿(billion)和万亿/兆（trillion）外，其余的数字单位使用的表达是不同的。这主要是由

4、于中西方在认知和历史上留下的表达差异，英语中以3个位数作为一个停顿单位，而汉语中是以4个位数作为一个停顿单位数字口译的过程数字口译的过程n因此，要想成功的进行数字转换，译员必要想成功的进行数字转换，译员必须能够非常熟练地将英汉两种语言中没有须能够非常熟练地将英汉两种语言中没有对等词的位数进行自动化转换对等词的位数进行自动化转换。这是数字口译训练的起点，也是数字口译的关键点Examplesn在做汉英口译时，当我们听到“万”这个位数，脑子里要立即反应出“十个千”（ten thousand）这个英文概念，然后将“万”前面的数字乘以十，落款改为“thousand”。1万=10 thousand；5万=

5、fifty thousand。n这样，“几万”这个数用英语思维时就变成了“几十个千”。同理，“几十万”要变成“几百个千”。20万=200 thousand；80万=800 thousand。n除了汉语的“万”和英语的“thousand”之间要进行思维转换，汉语中的“千万”“亿”“百亿”和“千亿”也要与英语中的“million” 和“billion”达到自动化转换的程度，如：1 百万=1 million；1200万=12 million；2亿=200 million；13亿=1.3 billion （1 billioin 300 million）100亿=10 billion；5000亿=500

6、 billioin数字的翻译n一万：一万：10 thousandn十万：十万：100 thousandn百万：百万：millionn千万：千万：10 millionn亿：亿： 100 millionn十亿：十亿：a billion数字的翻译数字的翻译n分节号的作用分节号的作用 five thousand 5, thirty-two thousand 32, five million 5, twenty five million 25, one billion 1,n实践是训练数字互译的根本途径。口译教学要集中一段时间专门进行数字口译训练。译员只有经过大量反复的数字口译实践才能掌握英汉数字互译的

7、不同特点和规律，达到数字互译脱口而出，快速、准确的程度。 还要进行复杂数字的快速朗读训练，通常在学习初期，可以采用从后往前英语三位一个逗号，中文四位一个竖线的“断位读数法”。如：1234567890英文：1,234,567,890中文：12|3456|789025269056英文：25,269,056中文：2526|9056nRead the following figures in Chinese: 3,8993,9087,00930,00990,59179,301780,120504,781312,6852,345,4101,129,1051,001,45331,289,09810,209

8、,01324,155,876160,890,232101,870,171278,067,9911,898,220,0001,029,991,12490,892,134,783672,009,719,2298,890,234,891,889135,481,901,270nRead the following Chinese figures in English, and write down the figures in Arabic figures:n六万n五十七万n四百七十六万n九百六十一万n五千九百三十三万n七百五十亿n十一亿七千五百万n三千五百三十八万五千n九亿三千六百七十七万七千n8千

9、千6百百6十十6n80万万1千千8百零百零6n2百万百万9千零千零5n3亿亿6千千3百百60万万5千千4百零百零1n4千千5百零百零6万零万零1百百3十十n9亿亿4千千5百零百零6万万3千千5百零百零5n12亿亿7千千8百百86万万5千千n1千千2百百5十万十万n1百百52亿亿8千万千万n1万零万零3百亿百亿 n练习练习2 n20b370mn 13,060n 123.45 hectaresn 42.192 kilometersn 60.25 kilogramsn USD 60b530m n RMB 58,000 yuann 1,666,800 tonsn 8,669,000 visitorsn

10、10）4,367,500 newcomersn以上的训练是数字口译的准备阶段，学员要排除掉轻视和抵触的情绪，坚持做下去，很快便会发现自己的双语思维和数字转换能力会有显著的提高。除此之外，在真正的口译实战中，译员往往要遇到含有度量衡单位、表示增加减少的变化趋势以及许多特殊的数字表达形式，因此在训练的后期必须要进行专项的数字转换训练，逐个解决掉数字转换和表达上的具体问题，坚持将遇到或收集到的各种单位整理到学习笔记中n数字概念转换数字概念转换：必须了解中英两种语言中诸多常见的数字概念的表达。例：五又三分之一=five and one third；7.5折=25 percent off；three s

11、quared=三的二次方数字单位转换数字单位转换：必须熟练掌握中英两种语言中大部分常见的单位表达。例：960万平方公里=9.6 million square kilometers；100加仑=100 gallons；180,000 light-years=18万光年nInterpreting Chinese ordinal numbers nChallenges : cultural differences cognitive loads认知负荷 nE.g.1 这是您第几次访问中国？nE.g.2 你们队得了第几名？nE.g.2 令公子排行第几？In Chinese we often hear

12、or talk about ordinal numbers. If we interpret in English, we have to change the ways of asking/inquiry.n这是您第几次来中国？Is this your first visit to China? This isnt your first visit to China, is it?How many times have you been in China?n你们队得了第几名？Did your team win the championship?Did you get/win the firs

13、t place in the competition?n这孩子是（你的）老几呀？Is this your oldest/youngest child/son/daughter?分数和小数的口译分数和小数的口译 Fractions(cardinal no./ordinal no.)六分之一：六分之一： 二分之一：二分之一：四分之一：四分之一：四分之三：四分之三：one-sixtha/one halfa/one quarterthree quarters 8%eight percentn15%fifteen percentn42%forty-two percentn4.35%four point

14、three five percentn0.5%point five percentn4.032four point naught three twon71.006seventy-one point naught naught six n1/2one half; a halfn1/3one third n1/4a quartern3/5three-fifthsn7/8seven-eighthsn1/10one-tenthn1/100one-hundredth；one percent n1/1000one-thousandthn14/1000fourteen-thousandthsn1/10000

15、one-ten thousandthsn2-1/2two and a halfn4-2/3four and two-thirds分数和小数的口译分数和小数的口译五分之二：五分之二：十分之七：十分之七：千分之三：千分之三：two-fifthsseven-tenthsthree-thousandths分数和小数的口译分数和小数的口译 Fractions六十分之九十七：六十分之九十七：七十五分之三十四：七十五分之三十四：ninety-seven over sixty-threethirty-four over seventy-five 分数和小数的口译分数和小数的口译六又七分之四：六又七分之四：六又

16、二分之一：六又二分之一：九又四分之三：九又四分之三：six and four-seventhssix and a halfnine and three quarters分数和分数和小数的口译小数的口译0.7:0.546: 0.009%:point seven; zero point sevenpoint five four sixzero point o o nine percent分数和分数和小数的口译小数的口译9.007：87.36%:nine point 0 0 seven； nine point zero zero seveneighty-seven point three six p

17、ercent分数和分数和小数的口译小数的口译0.8 万万 ：0.7亿：亿：0.93亿：亿：56.08万：万：8，000；eight thousand70,000,000; seventy million93,000,000; ninety-three million560,800; five hundred and sixty thousand eight hundrednExamplesn1. The population of this city in 2004 was 1. The population of this city in 2004 was 78,872,890.78,872

18、,890.nThe natural reserve takes up an area of The natural reserve takes up an area of 123,880,000 square kilometers.123,880,000 square kilometers.nThe coastal line of this country is The coastal line of this country is 7,723,605 meters.7,723,605 meters.nThe number of college graduates will climb The

19、 number of college graduates will climb to a record high of 3,28 million this summer, to a record high of 3,28 million this summer, an increase of 540,000, or 34%, over the an increase of 540,000, or 34%, over the year 2000.year 2000.nAustralia, with its landmass of 7,686,850 Australia, with its lan

20、dmass of 7,686,850 square kilometers, or 2,967,893 square miles, square kilometers, or 2,967,893 square miles, has a population of 18,742,000.has a population of 18,742,000.n2. ten years ago, China had 1075 full time institutions of higher learning with 88,100 graduates and 1,320,000 undergraduates.

21、 So far, in tertiary institutions there are 1,700 research institutes of natural science. n3. shanghai generated 144.77billion yuan in total tax, Corporate income tax rose by 16.6 percent to 88.17billion yuan and individual income tax was 13.41 billion yuan, up 41percent.n4. Chinas foreign reserves,

22、 the worlds second largest after Japan, has increased by 48.4 percent to US$ 383.9 billion from the previous year.n5. Shanghai Volkswagen, Chinas largest automaker, is planning to invest a minimum of US$120million on new product development in each of the next five years with an aim to double it ann

23、ual sales to 600,000 units. It achieved combined sales of 400,000 units last year, a 32 percent increase from a year earlier. 特殊倍数的表达n到2020年实现国内生产总值比2000年翻两番,达到40,000亿美元左右nQuadruple nBy 2020, Chinas GDP will quadruple that of 2000 to approximately USD 4 trillion.n今年的粮食产量比去年增长2成. n20%nThe output of g

24、rain this year increased by 20% over the last year. Useful verbs n位居世界第二nIs ranked the second/ n中国经济总量位居世界第六，进出口贸易额居世界第四。nChinas economy is ranked the 6th in the world and its foreign trade is ranked the 4th. nChina is the worlds sixth largest economy and the fourth largest trader. n上涨，增长nTo rise, t

25、o increase, to climb, to go up, to jump, to soarnA sharp/considerable/slight increase/ risen下降，减少nTo fall, to drop, to decline, to decrease, to reduce，to go downnA sharp/slight drop/decline nTotal 总计n去年收入总计人民币150亿元，比上年增长20%nThe revenue of last year totaled RMB 15 b yuan, a 20% increase over the prev

26、ious year.Short expressionsn今年为, 比上年上涨了n, a % increase over the previous/last yearn, up %. n, tons more than last year.n全年产量nThe annual output ofn年均进口增速达到20%nThe import grows at an annual rate of 20%. n国民经济继续保持平稳较快增长。国内生产总值超过30万亿元，比上年增长9%；物价总水平涨幅得到控制；财政收入6.13万亿元，增长19.5%；粮食连续五年增产，总产量10570亿斤，创历史最高水平。n

27、The national economy continued to maintain steady and rapid growth. GDP topped 30 trillion yuan, an increase of 9% over the previous year. Overall price rises were held in check. Government revenue was 6.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.5%. Grain output rose for the fifth consecutive year and tot

28、aled 528.5 million tons, a record high.n1. the annual added value of industry is RMB 6.2815 trillion yuan, an increase of 11.5% over last year.n2. the annual output of grain is 469,470,000 tons, 38,770,000tons more than last year and an increase of 9.1%. n3. the annual total volume of import and exp

29、ort is USD 1.1548 trillion, an increase of 35.7% over last year. n4. the annual volume of contracted foreign capital is USD 153.5 billion, an increase of 33.4%, and actually utilized foreign capital is USD 60.6 billion, an increase of 13.3%. n5. the annual number of inbound tourists is 109,040,000,

30、and the income from foreign currency is USD 25.7 billion, an increase of 47.9%. 英语中有丰富的描述数字上升、下降或稳定的词汇，即趋势语（trend language）。如下列句子中划线的词汇：nThe area of cultivated land decreased by 7.6 million hectares, but the yield per hectare rose by an average of 180 kg.nAverage annual grain supply per person grow

31、from 200 to 400kg, and meat from 9 to 15kg.下面列举一些英语中常用来表达趋势的词汇：n表示上升趋势：表示上升趋势：an increase增加, a rise提高, a climb爬升, a jump上升, a growth增长; to increase增加, to rise提高, to climb爬升, to jump上升, to grow增长, to reach升至, to go up上升。n表示下降趋势表示下降趋势：a fall下降, a drop跌落, a decline下跌, a decrease减少; to fall下降, to drop跌落

32、, to decline下跌, a decrease减少, to go down下降, to bottom out降至最低点, to slow down减速, to decelerate减速。n表示稳定：表示稳定：to remain (stable)保持，不变，稳定，维持; to stand at不变，稳定，维持; to level out (off)平衡，稳定。Some possible signs used: Here two possible sets of signs or symbols are introduced.(1) Using comma (,) each represen

33、ting one group of 3 naught, e.g.“forty thousand”, represented by “40,” means “四万”;“six hundred thousand”, represented by “600,” means “六十万”“seven million”, represented by “7,” means “七百万”“thirty million”, represented by “30,” means “三千万”(2) Imitating the system used in Roman numerals with each horiz

34、ontal line drawn above the numerals representing one group of three naught. e.g. 59,000 noted as ; 435,000,000 ii. If a number is bigger than a million, the easiest way is to use a point after the number of million. For instance, 396万, can be put in this way, 3.96 million. Apply the same way to the

35、following numbers:3,956万39.65million3亿9,650万396.5million;If the number is bigger than a billion, adopt the same way to do it. e.g. 129亿12.9billion点线法中译外时，应在听到“亿”时即斜向划一长线/，听到“万”时再划同样的斜长线/，剩下的数字则仍用“符号结合阿拉伯数字”的通用方式完成，即三个零为，两个零为，或者一律记阿拉伯数字，但不一定立即译成相应的译语数字。例1：一亿三千零二万零八百五十八 1/3002/0858例2：一百零一亿七千四百八十九万五百四十

36、 101/7489/0540口译时，从右向左，逆着原记录顺序每三位打一个逗号（分节号），便可将这些数字切分成印欧语系诸语言的进位单位了。用此方法，需要牢记分节号左位数的单位。从右向左：第一个分节号左位是“千”位，第二个分节号左位是“百万”位，第三个分节号左位是“十亿”位。例1：1/30,02/0,858 130M 20Th 8Hu &58例2：10,1/74,89/0,540 10B 174M 890Th 5Hu &40此形式译成外语很方便，“回译”成汉语也没太大困难。外译汉（如英文）时，译员应在听到billion、million、thousand等位时，便立即打上一处逗号。例

37、： thirty two billion four hundred fifty seven million eight hundred twenty six thousand nine hundred and thirty-seven 32,457,826,937在预备译出时依然从左到右，按汉语数字进位规律每四位数打上斜线：32,4/57,82/6,937，译员只需照着斜线所提示的汉语数字表达习惯读出即可。交替口译中数字压力及对策 外语与翻译 98/1 pp20-23a The Metric System & Chinese EquivalentLength长度meter/m 米=3市

38、尺 kilometer/km 公里=2市里Area面积sq.m 平方米=3平方市尺 hectare/ha 公顷=15市亩 (1亩=0.66ha) sq.km 平方公里=4平方市里 (km2)Weight/mass重量与质量kg 公斤=2市斤q 公担=200市斤 MT 公吨=2000市斤Capacity 容量litre/l =1市升nton作为重量单位时的汉语释义似应为：ton重量单位：n长英、重、大、毛吨 （通用于英国，与long ton 和gross ton同义，量值2240磅，约等于1016.06公斤）n短美、轻、小、净吨 （通用于美国、加拿大和南非，与short ton 和net ton

39、同义，量值2000磅，约等于907.2公斤）n吨汉语吨，metric ton或tonne 量值为1000公斤n最后使用tonne在美式和英式英语中都等于1000公斤，量值也与我国法定计量单位吨等同。汉译英时可译为tonne。b The British & US SystemLength长度mile/mi 哩=1,609km fathom/fm 寻=1,829m yard/yd 码=0.914m foot/ft 尺=30.48cm inch/in 寸=2.54cmWeight 重量pound/lb. 磅=0.454kg ounce/oz. 盎司=28.35gCapacity容量gallo

40、n/gal. 加仑4.5461Temperature 温度C (Centigrade) 摄氏=(F-32)5/9F (Fahrenheit) 华氏=C9/5+32n用这个办法要求记住“千”以上的四个汉语单位和它们的英语对应单，并能熟练运用。n“万”，英语是“10 thousand”（十千）；n“百万”，英语有单位名称“million”；n“亿”, 英语是“100 million”(一百个百万)；n“十亿”，英语有单位名称“billion”；n口译时，听到“万”，将数字乘以“10”，读为“千”（thousand）。n比如：“八十三万”即为“八百个三千”，读为“830 thousand”。n听到“

41、百万”，读数时，注意英语有单位“million”。n如“三百五十六万”，是“三个百万，五百六十个千”，读“3 thousand”。n听到“亿”，将数字乘以“100”，读为“百万”（million）。n如“八亿六千七百万”是“八百六十七个百万”，读为“”n听到“十亿”，读数时，注意英语有单位“billion”。n听到“十亿”以上，将数字除以“10”，读“十亿”（billion）。n2002006 6年年全国财政收入全国财政收入万万亿亿元，比上年增加元，比上年增加亿亿元元nIn 2006, National revenue reached 3.93 trillion yuan, a year-on

42、-year increase of 769. 4 billion yuan.n20012001年中国进出口总额达到年中国进出口总额达到50985098亿美元亿美元，是，是19981998年的年的4.64.6倍。倍。nIn 2001,Chinas total import and export volume reached $509.8 billion, 4.6 times as much as that in 1998. n上海上海占地面积占地面积63416341平方公里，平方公里，人口人口18701870万，其中流动人口万，其中流动人口2 2百万。百万。nShanghai covers an

43、 area of 6341 square kilometers with a population of 18.7 million, including a transient population of 2 million. Outline数字口译Exercise 1.口译练习资料数字口译训练英文数字.mp32.外院4Afigure1.rm外院4Afigure2.rm外院4Afigure3.rmExercise 2.时事新闻口译练习政府.wma nState Council 国务院nDeliberation 审议nCPPCC (Committee of Chinese Peoples Pol

44、itical Consultative Conference 全国政协)nEleventh Five-Year Plan Period “十一五计划”期间nGovernment revenue 财政收入nImport and export volume 进出口总量nTrade surplus 贸易顺差nPer capita disposable income of urban residents城镇居民人均可支配收入nAgriculture, rural areas and farmers“三农”Figures(2) nListen to the following figures and i

45、nterpret them into English.nListen to the following figures and interpret them into Chinese. Exercise 3.时事新闻口译练习人口.wma nCensus 人口普查nEnumerated 登记nLow fertility 低生育水平Exercise 4.口译课本MP3Unit 0404_4.mp3nGlobal GDP 全球国内生产总值Exercise 5.时事新闻口译练习教育.wma nGross enrolment 毛入学率nExpenditure 经费nExpenditure diversified investing mechanism 经费多元化投入机制nFiscal education expenditure 财政性教育经费nSoar 激增Exercise 6n.口译课本MP3Unit 0101_3.mp3Dialogue n1. .口译练习资料公司运营03公司运营03.mp42. .