2020版高考英语二轮新考势突破检测：2-1-3阅读理解——词义猜测题+即学即练+Word版含解析

1、A（2019年江西省重点中学盟校高三第一次联考）The mass death of flying foxes in extreme heat in North Queensland last month underlines the importance of University of Queensland wildlife research released today.The UQ research sheds light on how various species have responded to major climate events.A study led by UQ Sch

2、ool of Earth and Environmental Science researcher Dr Sean Maxwell has spent more than 70 years quantifying the responses of various species.“The growing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as cyclones, droughts and floods is causing unpredictable and immediate changes to ecosystem

3、s and blocking existing management efforts,“ Dr Maxwell said. "Some of the negative responses we found were quite concerning, including more than 100 cases of dramatic population declines and 31 cases of local population extinction following an extreme event.”a Populations of critically endange

4、red bird species in Hawaii, such as the palia, have been annihilated due to drought, leaving none of its kind, and populations of lizard species have been wiped out due to cyclones in the Bahamas.Cyclones were the most common extreme event for birds, fish, plants and reptiles, while mammals and amph

5、ibians were most responsive to drought events, with drought leading to 12 cases of major population decline in mammals.Drought also led to 13 casesof breeding declines in bird populations and 12 cases of changes in the composition of invertebrate communities.UQ Centre for Biodiversity and Conservati

6、on Science director Professor JamesWatson said the detailed information would help inform ecosystem management.“The research clearly shows specieswill respond, often negatively, to extreme events ” Professor Watson said： As climate change continues to ensure extreme climate and weather events are mo

7、re and more common, we now need to act to ensure species have the best chance to survive.Wherever possible, high quality and intact habitat areas should be retained, as these are the places where species are most resilient伙复的） to increasing exposure to extreme events.1. How was the UQ research condu

8、cted?A. By observing extreme weather events.B. By protecting the endangered species.C. By recording reactions of animals to extreme climate.D. By analyzing the reason why mass animal death happened.2. What does the underlined word “annihilated” in Paragraph4 probably mean?A. destroyedB. defeatedC. d

9、ecreasedD. disappeared3. Which of the following sentencesis true about extreme weather events?A. Drought caused 13 cases of distinction in bird populations.B. Drought caused 12 cases of population decline in mammals.C. Birds and mammals are most responsive to cyclones.D. Cyclones wiped out populatio

10、ns of lizard.4. What can we infer from Professor Watson's words?A. Animals often show negative responses to extreme events.B. The existing management ways for wildlife protection are limited.C. Different methods should be adopted to ensure the survival of different species.D. Complete and undama

11、ged habitats are of great importance to species' survival.答案与解析文章大意：本文为说明文。昆士兰大学野生动物研究中心今天发布的一份报告显示，上月在昆士兰州北部极端高温下大量飞狐死亡， 凸显了该研究的重要性。昆士兰大学的研究揭示了不同物种对重大气 候事件的反应。本文主要介绍了这项研究。1. C 推理判断题。根据第二段 “ A study led by UQ School of Earth and Environmental Science researcherDr Sean Maxwell has spent more than

12、 70 years quantifying the responses of various species.（j；国昆士兰大 学地球与环境科学学院的研究员肖恩麦克斯韦博士领导了一项研究，该研究用了 70多年的时间来量化不同物种的反应）”可推知，英国昆士 兰大学通过记录动物对极端气候的反应进行了这项研究。故 C选项正 确。2. D 词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线词所在句中的“ leaving none of its kind（一只也不留下）”可知，画线词意为“灭绝的”。 A.destroyed 遭破坏的；B.defeated击败的；C.decreasedM少的；Disappeared消失 的。故

13、D选项正确。3. B 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“whilemammals andamphibians were most responsive to drought events, with drought leading to 12 cases of major population decline in mammals: 可知，哺乳动物和 两栖动物对干旱事件最敏感，干旱导致12例哺乳动物的主要种群数量下降。故B选项正确。4. D 推理判断题。根据倒数第一段中的“ Wherever possible, high quality and intact habitat areas shou

14、ld be retained, as these are the places where species are most resilient（易恢复的）to increasing exposure to extreme events.只要有可能，就应该保留高质量和完整的栖息地，因为 这些地方是物种对日益增加的极端事件的适应能力最强的地方）”可推知，完整无损的栖息地对物种的生存至关重要。故 D选项正确。B（2019年山东省青岛市一模）During Amsterdam's chaotic rush hour, nine- year- old Lotta Crok cycles to a

15、 very busy junction. "Look, " she says ."There's traffic coming from everywhere.Four trams from four different directions.For a child on a bike that's really confusing! ”Lotta is the first junior cycle mayor in the world and her working area is the Dutch capital.You would thin

16、k this challenge would be superfluous in a city known as the bicycle capital of the world.The number of bicycles in Amsterdam is estimated at 881, 000 more than the city's 850, 000 inhabitants and 63% of the population cycle daily.But children who cycle in Amsterdam face challenges. Lotta says:

17、“The three biggest problems for us are cars, cycling tourists and scooters（小型摩托）.The cars take up too much space, the tourists are always swinging side to side and stop when you least expect it, and the scooters simply run you over.”Lotta becamejunior cycle mayor in June last year when she won a con

18、test in which school children were asked to come up with plans to make cycling safer and more fun.Her idea was to add children's bikes to the popular bike share programme.Since Lotta was appointed junior cycle mayor, she has been busy, giving interviews, opening cycling contests in the city and

19、being a jury（评 审员）member during the Amsterdam Light Parade, an event in which Amsterdammers decorate their bikes with lights.She is now planning a meeting with the city's mayor to discuss ideas that children have come up with: "One of our proposals is a bicycle park where children can learn

20、 how to cycle.Right now, most of us learn it in the street, which can be quite busy.Another idea is to create an app for tourists to teach them the rules of cycling, because most of them really don't know.”Following the success of the Amsterdam scheme, cycle mayors around the world are now plann

21、ing to appoint junior colleagues .“They see it works really well J Boerma, the senior major, says ."I talk to the parents; Lotta talks to the children.And if you look at the city through the eyes of a child,you will also make it accessible for others.A city that's good for an eight - year-

22、old is also good for an 88 year- old.”1. Why is a junior cycle mayor appointed in Amsterdam?A. To teach children how to ride.B. To ensure cycling is safer for children.C. To give suggestions to the city's mayor on how to run the city.D. To organize the cycling contests in the city.2. Which word

23、can best replace the underlined word “superfluous'in Paragraph 2?A. importantB. unnecessaryC. difficultD. valuable3. What has Lotta done since she became the bike mayor?A. She has solved the three biggest problems for children cycling in Amsterdam.B. She has won a contest about cycling.C. She ha

24、s given interviews and been a jury member during a parade.D. She has given proposals to the city mayor.4. What's Boerma's attitude to the junior cycle mayor?A. Cautious.B. Favorable.C. Ambiguous.D. Disapproving.答案与解析文章大意：这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了阿姆斯特丹市去年任命九岁的洛特 克罗克为少年自行车市长的目的以及洛特克罗克为确保儿童骑自行车更安全所采取的努力。这

25、样成功的例子受到了全世界的好评并被积极效仿。1. B 推理判断题。由第四段 “ Lotta became junior cycle mayor inJune last year when she won a contest in which school children were asked to come up with plans to make cycling safer and more fun.Her idea was to add children's bikes to the popular bike share programme可知，去年 6 月， Lotta获得了

26、一场比赛的冠军，她成为了少年自行车市长。在这场比赛 中，学校的孩子们被要求提出让骑自行车更安全、更有趣的计划。她 的想法是将儿童自行车添加到流行的自行车共享计划中。所以这场比 赛要求学校的孩子们站在自己的角度提出让骑自行车更安全、更有趣 的计划。故判断出阿姆斯特丹任命了一位少年自行车市长的目的就是 确保儿童骑自行车更安全。故 B选项正确。2. B 词义猜测题。由第二段中的 “ You would think this challenge would be superfluous in a city known as the bicycle capital of the world.The number of bicycles in Amsterdam is es