提高英语阅读理解的技巧

1、提高英语阅读理解的技巧我们认为英语阅读理解要想取得高分需要从两个方面来着手,因为你想获得高分就是要在考试的有限时间里将解题的正确率上升到最高。因此,只要你掌握好足够的解题技术,一切以解题、活的高分为目的,那么你在做题的时候就自然会用到一下的两个原则。一切从解题的需要出发来阅读文章1、理解文章的行文思路。英语文章的行文特点一般是相对固定的,结构类型也相对固定。下面以2003年考研英语阅读理解试题的第二篇文章为例来说明观点论证型文章的行文特点。因为所有的文章都是来自现实生活。因此,作者的文章必定围绕着一个主题:“biomedical researches,animal rights advocat

2、es”;作者通常会以引言或事例引出要议论的话题:“To paraphrase 18th -century statesman Edmund Burke, all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing”;然后作者必定要提出自己的观点:“Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby

3、threatening advances in health knowledge and care”。接下来作者会用举例等方法来论证自己的观点:1.For example, a grandmotherl y woman2.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable wayin human terms, not in the language of molecular biology;在文章的结尾处,作者还会提出解决问题的方法Much can be done。

4、不难看出,熟知文章的行文思路,对解答文章的主旨大意题、段落内的推理判断题以及作者的观点态度题都是极有帮助的。我们建议考生朋友们在做了一定量的历年真题之后,回过头来总结一下文章的结构特点,这对以后的阅读和解题都会大有裨益。2、快速弄清楚文章主次内容。一篇文章所包含的内容很多,而试题往往只考查其主要思想观点和部分细节内容,因此大家在读完文章后面的阅读试题后,要确立这样一个意识:即只关注和查找和试题有关的内容,只要能够回答问题,不必弄懂每一个细节。这种阅读方法的依据是,考研阅读当中的试题60%以上题型为细节题,解答这些试题,只要找到其在原文中的出处,就能够确定答案,不需要联系文章的其他内容。阅读文章

5、当中常常有一些举例的地方,其所设涉及的人物往往有很长的定语,比如Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends thatGeorge Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that对于这些细节,我们一般不用对人名后的限制说明部分太注意,重点是看这个人他/她有什么观点。3、注意文章中的观点和事实细节。区分事实和观点是阅读理解能力最为重要的一环。表明作者观点的句子一般为判断句,如,There are reasons

6、 to be optimistic. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low level findings about factual errors. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization processAll these are beneficial, not detrimental, to customers.文章中事实细

7、节往往带有更加明显的标志,如For example, For instance, In America,还有一些数据等都是事实细节的标志。利用一切线索为解题服务1、文章中的连词和副词是解题的线索。连词和副词是文章当中的重要连接词。它们使文章的各种内容成为一个逻辑整体。需要大家注意的词有but、however、nevertheless、while、though、although、and、on one hand-on the other hand、consequently、as a result、consequently、thus等等。这些词表达着文章当中的并列、因果、转折等逻辑关系,往往是作者表

8、明自己观点的依据。2、文章中的例子和引用之处一般会出题。现在最为常考的方式是问作者为什么要举某个例子或引用某人的话比如,The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that_;The author begins his article with Edmund Burkewords to_。3、文章中带有形容词比较级和最高级部分容易出题。大家对the most, further, greater, longer, more complex等字词要高度敏感,这些地方往往是出题的地方。4、文章当中的结构复杂句往往蕴涵着试题。这类句子通

9、常为,带有许多插入成分的复杂单句,带有很多附加成分的复合句,其中以定语从句为多。总之,在考研英语阅读备战的中后期,同学们应该以如何在考试当中获取高分为复习的中心任务,努力培养和提高自己的做题能力和技巧。充分意识到树立阅读意识对考研阅读复习的促进作用,从大处着眼,在具体做题实践当中将各个小的技巧贯彻落实。特别说明:由于各方面情况的不断调整与变化,徐绽考研信息网所提供的考试信息仅供参考,敬请考生以权威部门公布的正式信息为准。历年英语真题翻译长难句汇编作者:谢俊萍来源:文都教育点击数:712 更新时间:2009-7-6 文章录入:谢俊萍【字体:】2009年:1. It may be said tha

10、t the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ; but this effect is not a part of its original motive。译文:可以说,衡量任何社会制度的价值在于它对扩大和改进经验的影响,但是这种影响并不是它最初动机的组成部分。2. Only gradually was the by product of the institution noted, and only more gradually

11、still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。译文:只有逐步才能注意到一种制度的副作用,而要承认这种副作用是执行该制度的一种规定性因素则更加缓慢。3. While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults 。译文:在和年轻人交往时,我们

12、容易忽略自己的行为对他们性格的影响,但是在与成人打交道时却并不如此容易。4. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability。译文:既然我们的主要任务是让年轻人参与共同生活,我们禁不住要考虑是否我们正在形成获得这种能力的力量。5. We are thus led to distinguish,

13、 within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of educationthat of direct tuition or schooling。译文:因此,我们要在从一直考虑的整个教育过程中辨认出一种比较正规的教育直接教育或者学校教育。2008年:1. He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think

14、 long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations。译文:他达尔文认为,正是这种困难起了弥补作用,使他长时间专注地思考每个句子,从而能在推理和亲自观察中发现自己的错误。2. He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which re

15、ason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics。译文:他还认为,在深入理解冗长且完全抽象的一系列观点方面,自己的能力非常有限;因此,他曾深信自己在数学方面本来就不该获得成功。3. On the other hand , he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning。译文:

16、另一方面,一些批评家指责说,尽管他善于观察,但却不能推理,他对此既不接受且认为毫无根据。4.He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully。”译文:他谦虚地补充说,或许他“和普通人相比,更能注意到他们容易忽略的细节,更能对这些细节进行仔细观察”。5. Darwin was convinced that the loss of these ta

17、stes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character。译文:达尔文认为,失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣,不仅失去了幸福,还可能损伤智力,甚至更可能败坏道德。2007年:1. Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather th

18、an a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person。译文:传统上,这些院校一直把学习法律看作是律师专有的特权,而不是每个受过教育的人所必备的一部分知识才能。2. On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the ne

19、ws。译文:另一方面,通过采取与新闻记者在报道和评论新闻时一样的联系方式,法律把这些观念同日常生活实际联系了起来。3. But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media。译文:但是,新闻记者必须比普通公民更深刻地了解法律,这种观点是基于对新闻媒体既

20、定习俗和特殊责任的认识基础之上的。4. In fact , it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian constitution can do a competent job on political stories。译文:事实上,那些没有清楚把握加拿大宪法基本特征的新闻记者是如何能够胜任政治新闻报道工作的,要想明白这一点是非常困难的。5. While comment and reaction from lawyers may

21、 enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments。译文:虽然律师提供的评论和反馈可能会丰富报道的内容,但是新闻记者凭借自己的重要观点做出自己的判断则更加难能可贵。2006年:1. I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of t

22、hinking in Socratic(苏格拉底way about moral problems。译文:我认为,知识分子的定义是这样的:他选择使用苏格拉底式的方式来思考道德问题,将此作为自己人生的首要任务,并从中获得乐趣。2. His function is analogous to that of a judge , who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision。译文:他的职

23、责与法官相似,要尽可能清楚明白地展示自己作出决定的推理过程,这是他必须承担的责任。3. I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems , he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems 。译文:我将普通科学家排除在外的原因是,尽管他的成果可能有助于解决道德问题,但是他承担的任务只不过是研

24、究这些问题的事实方面而已。4. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business。译文:但是,正如我们并不期望商人专注于探索商业行为的准则一样,普通科学家的首要任务也不是考虑支配自己行为的道德规范。5. They may teach very w

25、ell , and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment。译文:知识分子可能很善于教书,而且不仅仅是为了挣钱。但是,对于涉及道德判断的人类问题,他们大多数人很少或者根本没有进行独立思考。2005年:1. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyeda

26、nd perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe。译文:电视是引发和传播这些感受的方式之一在连接不同民族和国家之间的关系方面,电视以前也许还从来没有像在欧洲最近发生的事件中那样,起过如此重大的作用。2. In Europe , as elsewhere multi media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring toget

27、her television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another 。译文:像其他地方一样,欧洲的多媒体集团变得越来越成功,他们把相互之间关系密切的电视、广播、报纸、杂志、出版社组合在一起。3. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show tha

28、t out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989。译文:仅这一点就足以表明,要在电视行业里生存不是一件容易的事情;有统计数字进一步说明了这个事实,在1989年欧洲80个电视网中,有50%以上的出现了亏损。4. Creating a European identity that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old cont

29、inent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice。译文:不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织在一起,要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的欧洲特征绝非易事,需要做出战略性的选择。5. In dealing with a challenge on such a scale , it is no exaggeration to say United we stand, divided we fall。译文:在应对如此规模挑战的过程中,可以毫不夸张地说:联合,我们就胜利;分裂,我们就失败。2004年:1. The Greeks assumed that

30、 the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought , which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be。译文:希腊人认为,语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。早在人们认识到语言可能是千差万别的之前,这种观点就在欧洲扎下了根。2. We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished,

31、as the people who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages。译文:我们非常感激他们,因为随着讲这些语言的民族的消亡或者被同化,这些民族也就丧失了自己的本族语言,其中一些语言在此之后就不复存在了。3. The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some sc

32、holars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data。译文:新近被描述的语言与已被充分研究过的欧洲语言和东南亚语言明显不同,因此有些学者甚至指责博尔斯和萨皮尔的资料是编造出来的。4. Being interested in the relationship of the language and thought ,Whorf developed the idea that the structure of the language determines the structure of habitual thought in

33、a society 。译文:由于对语言与思维的关系非常感兴趣,沃夫形成了这样一个观点:语言结构决定一个社会的习惯思维结构。5. Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,in its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind,and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far reaching consequences for the culture of a soc

34、iety。译文:沃夫进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点,该观点极端地认为:语言束缚思维,语言的语法结构能够对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。2003年:1. Furthermore ,humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live,thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies。译文:而且,人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境,从而使其他所有形式的生命服从与他们自己特有的想法和想象。2. Social scie

35、nce is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned,orderly,systematic,and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena。译文:社会科学是知识探索的一个分支,它试图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样,用理性的、有序的、系统的和客观的方式来研究人类及其行为。3. The emphasis on

36、 data gathered firsthand ,combined with a cross cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present ,makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science。译文:强调收集第一手资料,并在分析过去和现在的文化时采用跨文化视角,使得这一研究成为一门独特的、非常重要的社会科学。4. Tylor defined culture asthat complex whole which i

37、ncludes belief,art,morals,law,custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society。译文:泰勒把文化定义为一个复合整体,它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他的能力和习惯。5. Thus,the anthropological concept of culture ,like the concept of set in mathematics,is an abstract concept which makes possibl

38、e immense amounts of concrete research and understanding。译文:因此,人类学中的文化的概念,就像数学中集的概念一样,是一个抽象概念,它使得大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。或者:因此,就像数学中集的概念一样,人类学中的文化的概念是一个抽象概念,它使得大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。2002年:1. One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feeling

39、s, traits of character, human nature, and so on 。译文:难题之一在于几乎所有的所谓行为科学仍然是从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去探究行为的根源。2. The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find 。译文:行为科学

40、之所以发展缓慢,部分地是因为对行为的解释好像经常可以直接观察到,部分地是因为一直难以找到其他的解释。3. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago , and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and stud

41、ied。译文:自然选择在进化中的作用仅仅在一百多年前才得以阐明,而对于环境在塑造和维持个体行为中的选择作用则刚刚才开始得到认识和研究。4. They are the possessions of the autonomous self governing man of traditional theory , and they a re essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements。译文:自由和尊严是传统理论中自

42、主人所拥有的东西,也是一个人在对自己的行为负责并因其成就而受到赞扬的实践中所必不可少的东西。5. Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems 。译文:除非这些问题得到解决,否则行为科学将会继续受到排斥,随之,唯一有可能解决问题的方法也将受到排斥。2001年1. There will be television chat shows hosted by r

43、obots ,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend。译文:届时将会出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目,也会有装备着污染监控器的汽车,一旦汽车的排污超标,监控器就会使其停驶。2. Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips ,computers with in built personaliti e s will be regarded as workmates rather than tools ,relaxat

44、ion will be in front of smell television,and digital age will have arrived。译文:儿童将会与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有个性内置的计算机将成为人们的工友而非工具,人们将在气味电视前休闲,届时数字时代就到来了。3. Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest

45、 dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place 。译文:皮尔逊把世界各地数百位研究人员的成果汇集在一起,制成了一个具有独特技术的千年历,我们有望从中看到数百项重大突破和发现的最晚日期。4. But that,Pearson points out,is only the start of man machine integration : It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that wil

46、l ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the nextcentury 。译文:但是皮尔逊指出,这个突破仅仅只是人机一体化的开始:它是人机一体化漫长道路的第一步,到下个世纪末之前,将会最终研制出完全电子化的仿真人。5. And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorderkitch

47、en rage 。译文:家用电器将会变得智能化,以至于对它们的控制和操作将会引发一种新的心理疾病厨房狂热症。2000年:1. Under modern conditions ,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts 。译文:在现代条件下,这要求不同程度的中央控制,因此需要获得专业科学家的帮助,例如经济学家和运筹学领域的专家。2. Fur

48、thermore ,it is obvious that the strength of a coun trys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry ,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds 。译文:此外,显而易见的是,一个国家的经济实力与其工农业的生产效率直接相关,而工农业生产效率的提高又有赖于各类科学家和技术人员的努力。3. O

49、wing to the remarkable development in mass communications ,people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas,while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above 。译文:大众通讯的显著发展,使各地的人们感到有新的需求,也接触到一些新的习俗和观念,基于上述原因,政府常

50、常得推出更进一步的革新。4. In the early in industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization with all thefar reaching changes in social patterns that followedwas spread over nearly a century ,whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so 。译文:早期实现工业化的欧洲国家,其

51、工业化的进程以及随之而来的所有意义深远的社会结构变革持续了大约一个世纪,然而,如今一个发展中国家10年左右就可能经历这样一个过程。5. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport 。译文:人口的猛增,或者大量的人口流动如今,现代交通手段使得这种流动

52、相对容易起来产生的问题也会对社会造成新的压力。或者:如今,现代交通手段使得大量的人口流动变得相对容易起来;人人口猛增或者大量人口流动产生的问题也会对社会造成新的压力。节选自考研英语全程备考实用手册2010年考研英语阅读专用部分词汇作者:谢俊萍来源:徐绽考研信息网点击数:83 更新时间:2009-7-20 文章录入:谢俊萍【字体:】科普类access time存取时间anti-virus programs杀毒软件assembler汇编程序bar code条形码beeper传呼机buffer storage缓冲存储器call instruction呼叫指令cellular手机comsat通讯卫星c

53、ordless telephone无绳电话cursor光标cyber crimes网上犯罪cyberspace电脑空间,网络世界desktop台式计算机digital television数字电视electronic hearing aid电子助听器encryption加密fast-forward(放录像带等时的快进fiber optic technology光纤技术firewall防火墙flat panel display平板显示技术floppy disk软盘genetic engineering基因工程hacker黑客identifier标识符intelligent system智能系统i

54、ntranet内联网IT-industry信息产业jumbotran(电视机的超大屏幕know-how(技术诀窍laser激光long-distance educational system远程教育系统microprocessor微处理机minicomputer小型计算机modem调制解调器multimedia多媒体multimedia learning system多媒体学习系统netsurfed网虫考研英语复习:做翻译而不是看翻译作者:谢俊萍来源:徐绽考研信息网点击数:161 更新时间:2009-6-27 文章录入:谢俊萍【字体:】在紧张的考研英语复习中,翻译到底该怎么复习?好多考生都对这

55、个问题感到困惑。在实际复习中,面对考研翻译,存在两种趋势:一种就是盲目的练习,还有一种就是在考试中放弃。笔者多年从事翻译教学,尤其是考研翻译教学,接触到各种不同的论调,也接触到各种不同的学生。归纳起来,一般需要认识到以下两种考研翻译复习中谬论的本质,对自己的复习思路加以及时更正;这样以来,势必在复习中掌握到正确的方法,进而在考试中获得成功的高分。谬论一:复习考研翻译要多做模拟题说道复习考试,每一个考生马上就想到需要做翻译模拟题,于是到处打听,到处搜集,陷入了一种盲目的资料堆积大战中。殊不知,找到了复习资料太多,不知道无从下手,其最终结果是:干脆什么都没有做。其实,复习考研翻译,什么模拟题都不需

56、要做:只需要牢牢的掌握考研翻译历年真题就可以了。为什么?首先,模拟题出题人的水平参差不齐,所选择的题材和体裁都不一定适合考研翻译,与真题的由较大差异。这个原因,并不足以说明真题的重要性。其次,真题的重要性在于这些题目是真正的英语专家经过仔细的筛选,按照考研英语的大纲一一核对,并经过审题人的层层审查,最终形成了考试试卷。于是有人问,这些题目还会再考吗?答曰:肯定不会!那做这些真题有什么用?答曰:考研翻译复习的秘密就在此。自从我国在上个世纪实行研究生招生制度以来,英语入学考试的所有试题中,翻译这种题型从来都有。研究生入学考试执行的大约30年来,考研翻译的题型基本固定,选题范围基本确定,所有只要做好

57、了这些真题,无论是单词还是长难句的句型,都在历年真题中无数次的重复再现。随便列举一例:例1 Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.(考研翻译05年46题我可以肯定的告诉大家,在这个句子中出现的单词,大多数都在以前的真题中考过,无论词汇

58、量小到何等程度,哪怕词汇量小到几乎为零。只要做过前面的真题,这个句子的单词问题就可以解决。上面05年的46题,总共有36个单词,如果一个单词基础为零的同学去参加考研,只要做了前面的真题,我们看看,他能解决好多少单词。我一一对应,叙述如下:例1的单词分析:Television(在01年71和72题考过is(出现太多,忽略,不详述one (出现太多,忽略,不详述of(出现太多,忽略,不详述the (出现太多,忽略,不详述means(在这里是“方式”的意思,这个意思在1993年73和74题,2000年75题考过,而mean作为动词用是“意味”的意思,也在91年73题考过by(出现太多,忽略,不详述which these (出现太多,忽略,不详述feelings(2000年73题,02年61题考过are(出现太多,忽略,不详述created (基本意思是“创造”,在99年的71题中,考过一个词recreate,同源and(出现太多,忽略,不详述conveyed(没有考过and(出现太多,忽略,不详述per