初中名师总结的70多条重要英语知识考点

1、2 / 99知识点总结：mind的用法：你真的mind吗1知识点总结：英语中的各种“穿”的用法区别2知识点总结：had better的用法讲解3知识点总结：with 用法全解5知识点总结：用心去“发现”区别10知识点总结：for；since11知识点总结：must用法详解12知识点总结：pick up的意义知多少14知识点总结：if 和 whether用法18知识点总结：分类词汇：关于城市的常见英语词汇20知识点总结：巧记单词 词语点(strict与look up)23知识点总结：使用asleep应注意的三点25知识点总结：and的五种用法26知识点总结：good 与 well 的用法比较27

2、知识点总结：when, while, as的用法区别28知识点总结：add的几个短语30知识点总结：all与whole的区别31知识点总结：ago 与before的区别33知识点总结：every 与 each 的用法区别33知识点总结：mind的用法34知识点总结：and还是or36知识点总结：almost 与 nearly的用法异同37知识点总结：sometime, some time, sometimes的用法区别40知识点总结：much too与too much的用法区别41知识点总结：every与each的用法区别42知识点总结：(a) few与(a) little的用法区别42知识点

3、总结：ahead of与go ahead43知识点总结：有关air的三个常用短语44知识点总结：all短语用法详解44知识点总结：有关angry的三个搭配46知识点总结：advise用法详解47知识点总结：afraid用法详解48知识点总结：谈谈and all的用法49知识点总结：about重要用法归纳50知识点总结：使用abroad的几个易错说明52知识点总结： alone与by oneself的区别53知识点总结：always用法说明54知识点总结：about,on,with的用法区别54知识点总结：across,along,through的用法区别55知识点总结：after与in的用法区

4、别55知识点总结：among与between的用法区别57知识点总结：answer与reply58知识点总结：anxious与eager59知识点总结：appear, look与seem59知识点总结：arrive, get与reach61知识点总结：beat, hit, strike的区别61知识点总结：wrong的用法62知识点总结：would与used to的区别63知识点总结：形容词ashamed的两个搭配64知识点总结：ask短语用法归纳65知识点总结：attend to的用法66知识点总结：attention搭配大全67知识点总结：behind用法与搭配68知识点总结：beginn

5、ing习语归纳69知识点总结：bed短语归纳70知识点总结：bad搭配三用法71知识点总结：介词above用法详解72知识点总结：across的用法与易错说明73知识点总结：at, in与on的用法区别74知识点总结：almost与nearly用法区别详解76知识点总结：你知道what,which,who的区别吗78知识点总结：arrive, get与reach的用法区别80知识点总结：leave与forget的用法区别82知识点总结：feel like用法小结83知识点总结：borrow与lend的三大区别84知识点总结：because of的用法85知识点总结：word的搭配与用法86知识

6、点总结：without的几条用法说明88知识点总结：英语中只能用复数形式的名词88知识点总结：初中英语词汇短语90知识点总结：mind的用法：你真的mind吗1Vt. 照看、照管， = look after = take care of的意思，例如：He promised to mind the baby while we were out.Mind your own business! 管好你自己的事情。2Vt. 当心、注意，例如：Mind the wet paint. 当心，油漆未干！Mind you don't fall. 小心别跌倒。Mind, there comes the

7、bus. 注意，车来了。3Vt.在乎、介意，常用于问句、否定句或条件从句，例如：Do you mind if I smoke? = Do you mind my/me smoking?If you do that, I will never mind.= I will never mind you/your doing that.4UC. 心、精神、智力、头脑、理性，例如：My difficulty is always in her mind.He has a quick mind. 他头脑反应快。He lost his mind. 他失去理智/发疯。He is absent-minded.

8、他心不在焉。5CN. 意见、想法、记忆、有聪慧头脑的人，例如：She always speaks her mind. (直言不讳)Out of sight, out of mind. (眼不见，心不想)So many men, so many minds. (人各有志)He is one of today's greatest minds. (伟人)知识点总结：英语中的各种“穿”的用法区别put on, pull on, wear,have on , dress，in的用法区别(1)put on 和pull on 穿上；戴上。相当于及物动词，以衣物作宾语，着重于穿、戴的动作。put o

9、n 为普通用语；pull on多用于穿袜子、戴手套或比较随便地穿上。It's cold outside.You'd better put on your hat.外面很冷，你最好戴上帽子。She put /pulled on her coat and went out of the room hurriedly.她穿上大衣，匆忙地走了。(2)wear 和have on 穿着；戴着。相当于及物动词，有衣物作宾语，着重于穿、戴的状态。have on不用于进行时态。He always wears/has on black shoes.她一直穿着黑鞋。She is wearing/ha

10、s on a red coat她穿着红大衣。(3)dress 穿；戴。可用作及物动词，以人作宾语，即dress sb.（给某人穿衣）；也可用作不及物动词。既可强调动作，又可表示状态，表示状态时常用be dressed in 结构。此外dress还可用作名词。Mary is dressing her daughter.玛丽正给她女儿穿衣服。She usually dresses well.她总是穿得很好。He is dressed in a black jacket.他穿着黑上衣。(4)in 穿着；戴着。是介词，以衣物或表示颜色的名词作宾语，表示状态。构成的介词短词可作表语或定语。My brot

11、her is in a blue jacket.我弟弟穿着蓝上衣。The boy in a blue jacket is my brother.穿蓝上衣的孩子是我弟弟。My brother is in blue.我弟弟穿着蓝衣服。had better 的用法讲解知识点总结：had better的用法讲解1.had better的基本用法特点其意为“最好”、“应该”，后接动词原形，与情态动词should用法相似，其中的had通常缩略为'd。如：You'd better get some sleep你最好去睡一会儿。We had better go before it rains.

12、我们最好在下雨前就去。2.had better如何构成否定式和疑问式构成否定式时，通常将not置于had better之后 （而不是had之后）；而构成疑问式时，则通常将had（而不是had better）置于主语之前。如：I'd better not disturb him我最好别去打扰他。What had we better do？我们最好怎么办？【注】在否定疑问句或反意疑问句中可将not与had连用。如：Hadn't we better go now？我们是不是现在就去呢？3.had better后接进行式和完成式动词有时后接动词的进行式，表示最好马上做某事；也可接完成式

13、动词，表示最好做完某事或本该做某事而未做某事。如：I think I'd better be going我想我最好还是马上走。You'd better be getting your clothes ready.你最好马上把衣服准备好。You had better have done that.你最好把那事做完。You had better have stayed here.你本来应该呆在这儿的。4.有关had better的几点用法说明(1)had better用于提出建议或请求时，并不是一个很客气委婉的表达，它暗示对方有义务去做某事，因此通常用于长辈对晚辈或上级对下级等，而

14、不宜反过来用。(2)had best与had better用法和含义均差不多，但不如had better普通。如：You had best get home before mid-night你最好在午夜之前回到家里。We had best be going我们最好现在就走。(3)有时可省略其中的had。如：You better stop arguing你们最好不要争论了。Better not wait for him.最好不要等他了。Better say yes, if they ask you.如果他们问你，你最好说“是”。(4)有时为了强调，可将better置于had之前。“I promi

15、se I'll pay you back.”“You better had.”“我保证还给你。”“你最好还给我。”知识点总结：with 用法全解with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。一、 with结构的构成它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可

16、以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下：1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式；5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。下面分别举例：1、 She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）2、 With the meal over ， we all went home.（with+名词+副词

17、，作时间状语）3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。） The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语） He could not finish it without me to h

18、elp him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语）5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语） Without anything left in the with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。二、with结构的用法with是介词，其意义颇多，一时难掌握。为帮助大家理清头绪，以教材中的句子为例，进行分类，并配以简单的解释。在句子中w

19、ith结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。1. 带着，牵着 (表动作特征)。如：Run with the kite like this.2. 附加、附带着(表事物特征)。如：A glass of apple juice, two glasses of coke, two hamburgers with potato chips, rice and fish.3. 和 (某人)一起。a. 跟某人一起(居住、吃、喝、玩、交谈) 。如：Now I am in China with my parents.Sometimes we go out to eat wi

20、th our friends.He / She's talking with a friend.b. 跟go, come 连用，有 "加入"到某方的意思。如：Do you want to come with me?4. 和play一起构成短语动词playwith 意为"玩耍，玩弄" 如：Two boys are playing with their yo-yos.5. 与help 一起构成 help.with.句式，意为"帮助 (某人) 做 (某事)"。如：On Monday and Wednesday, he helps h

21、is friends with their English.6. 表示面部神情，有“含着，带着” 如："I'm late for school," said Sun Yang, with tears in his eyes.7. 表示 "用" 如：You play it with your feet.What do the farmers do with your machines?8. 表示 "对， 关于"。如：What's wrong with it?There's something wrong with

22、 my computer.三、with结构的特点1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，可以用第一部分作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。例如： With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.（欣慰）（He was taken good care of.） She fell asleep with the light burning. （The light was burning.） With her hair gone，the

23、re could be no use for them. （Her hair was gone.）2. 在with结构中，第一部分为人称代词时，则该用宾格代词。例如： He could not finish it without me to help him.四、几点重要的考点说明：1. with结构在句子中的位置： with 结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面，并用逗号与句子分开；表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面，不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语，则放在所修饰的名词之后，一般不用逗号隔开。2. with结构作状语时，不定式、现在分词、和过去分词的区别：在with结

24、构中，不定式、现在分词作宾补，表示主动，但是不定式表示将要发生的动作，而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成。例如： With the boy leading the way，we found he house easily.（小男孩已领过路）With the boy to lead the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow.（小男孩明天将领路）He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.（寝室被关着）3. with结构与一般的with短语的区别： with结构具有上述功能和

25、特点，而"介词with+名词或代词（组）"组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时，它能表示动作的方式、原因，但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with短语中，with后面所跟的不是复合结构，也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。4. with结构与独立主格结构的关系： with结构属于独立主格结构，但在结构上，with结构由介词with或without引导，名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰，结构较松散；而独立主格结构没有with或without引导，结构严密，名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上，with结构可以作定语，独立主格结构则不能；独立主

26、格结构通常在句中作状语，但也可以作主语，而with结构则不能。独立主格在口语中不常用，往往由一个从句代替，而with结构较口语化，较常用。例如：There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.（"with+复合宾语"结构，在句中作定语）A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.（名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构，作主语）The boy said，turning to the man，his eyes opened wide and

27、 his hand raised.（独立主格结构，表示伴随状况或行为方式，作状语）Then last night，I followed him here，and climbed in，sword in hand.（名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构，作状语，表示伴随情况） board， she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）知识点总结：用心去“发现”区别1discover； look for；find；find out；inventdiscover指发现或偶然发现原来就存在但一直未被认识的事物。例如：Who di

28、scovered America in 1492？是谁在1492年发现美洲大陆的？It was discovered in Liaoning Province它是在辽宁省被发现的。look for作“寻找”解时，指寻找的动作和过程。例如：Are you still looking for that place？你还在找那个地方吗？find指寻找的结果，即“找到”，通常指偶然发现。例如：I'm looking for my pen，but I can't find it我在找我的钢笔，但是没找到。My bike was found last week我的自行车是上星期找到的。fi

29、nd out指经过观察、调查把某事、某物查出来，搞清楚，弄明白。例如：Please find out when the train leaves请查一下火车什么时候开。When he was a child，he liked to find out how things worked当他还是个孩子时，就爱弄明白各种事物的来龙去脉。invent指发明原来不存在的东西。例如：Who invented the computer？谁发明了电脑？In the seventeenth century an adding machine was invented十七世纪时，加法机被发明了。2found；fo

30、undedfound既是不规则动词find的过去式和过去分词，本身又是一个原形动词，意为“建立”、“成立”。例如：My father found work in Paris我父亲在巴黎找到了工作。He was trying to found a new hospital他在努力创建一家新医院。founded为规则动词found的过去式和过去分词。例如：The PRC was founded on October 1，1949中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。for与since 的辨析知识点总结：for；sincefor与since都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较大：for后须接“时间段”

31、，since后须接“时间点”，二者可以转换，均须与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延续性动词的否定式连用。二者引出的时间状语往往用 how long提问。如：He has been here for two yearsHe has been here since two years ago他来这里已有两年了。How long have you had this book？这本书你买多久了？For a weekSince a week ago买一周了。We haven't heard from him for a month我们已有一个月没收到他的来信了。since能引导时间状语从句（主句用现

32、在完成时，从句用一般过去时），而for则不能。如：He has taught here since he came to China自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。 It is has been an hour since he left here他离开这儿已有一小时了。知识点总结：must用法详解1. 表示“必须”、“一定要”(1) 可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句；用于否定句时，mustn't 的意思是“一定不要”、“不能”，而不是“不必”。如：You must finish it today. 你一定要在今天完成它。You must see the doctor. 你一定要看医生。Mus

33、t you go so soon? 你一定得这么早就走吗?We mustn't think only of ourselves. 我们可不能只考虑自己。(2) 主要表示现在或将来，但有时(如在间接引语中)也可表过去(=had to)。如：She asked if she must (had to) leave. 她问她是否一定要离开。(3) 对于must 开头一般疑问句，若要作否定回答，可用needn't、don't have to，不用mustn't。如："Must I come over tonight?" "No, you n

34、eedn't." “我今晚必须过来吗?”“不必。”(4) 其后可接被动结构或进行形式。如：Something must be done to stop it. 必须采取措施来阻止它。I think I must be going. 我想我得走了。2. 表示推测意为“准是”、“一定是”，注意以下几点。如：(1) 通常只用于肯定句，在否定句或疑问句用 can 代之。如：It must be true. 那一定是真的。比较。如：Can it be true? 那可能是真的吗? / It can't be true. 那不可能是真的。(2) 后接动词原形，表示对现在情况的推测

35、。如：He must be wrong. 他一定错了。The man must have a lot of money. 这个人一定有不少钱。【注】must 表示对现在情况的推测后接动词原形时，该动词通常为状态动词(如 be, have, know 等)，若为动作动词，通常要转换其他说法。如要表示“他一定会赢”，通常不说He must win，可说He is sure to win。(He must win的意思是“他必须要赢”)(3) 其后可接进行式或完成进行式，用以谈论一个正在进行的动作。如：He must be writing a letter to his girl friend. 他

36、一定在给他女朋友写信。Someone must have been smoking here一定有人一直在这里抽烟。(4) 后接完成式，用来谈论已发生的情况。如：He must have arrived already他一定已经到了。I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我没有听到电话铃，我一定是睡着了。3. 表示“应当”相当于should, ought to的意思。如：You must say hello to her你应当跟她打个招呼。We must go and have a weekend there我们应当到那里度

37、周末。4. 表示“偏偏”有时表示不巧，有时表示固执，通常都是指令人不快的事。如：Must you make so much noise? 你就非得弄出这么大的声音吗？Why must you always interrupt me? 你为什么硬是老要打断我？We were ready to leave, but the baby must catch cold. 我们刚准备好要走, 可孩子偏偏得了感冒。Just when I was busy, the neighbor must come and chatter. 正当我忙碌的时候，邻居偏偏过来聊天。知识点总结：pick up的意义知多少1.

38、 pick up最基本的含义是“拾起;捡起;拿起”?例如:The Young Pioneer turned over to the police the wallet he had picked up in the street. 那位少先队员把他在街上拾到的钱包交给了警察?Having played for a while, the boys picked up their school bags from the ground and went home. 男孩子们玩耍了一阵子之后,便从地上捡起书包回家去了?She picked up the dictionary and began to

39、 look up the new word in it. 她拿起词典,开始查这个生词?2. pick up有“(用车)接(某人);(中途)搭载(乘客)”之意?例如:Wait here and I'll pick you up at three o'clock. 在这儿等着,三点钟我用车来接你?The bus stopped several times to pick up passengers. 汽车沿途停了好几次,让乘客上车?3. pick up有“(无线电等)收听到;(雷达等)测知”之意?例如:I picked up Fujian on the radio last nig

40、ht. 我昨天晚上收听到了福建广播电台?An intruding enemy plane was picked up by our radar then. 当时我方雷达发现了一架入侵的敌机?4. pick up有“意外发现;无意中学到;意外获得”之意?例如:Looking through the evening paper last night, I picked up a beautiful poem. 昨晚在浏览晚报时,我偶然发现上面有一首好诗?While working on the farm, the students picked up a lot of knowledge on a

41、griculture. 在农场劳动时,学生们学到许多农业方面的知识?Besides his regular wages, the driver picks up money in tips. 除领取正常工资外,那位司机还可以收到小费?5. pick up有“使人精神振作;使人恢复健康”之意?例如:A good rest picked the tired players up. 好好地休息了一下,这些疲惫的运动员们便精神振作起来?A bit of exercise will pick the patient up. 稍微运动运动就能使这位病人恢复健康?6. pick up有“收拾;整理”之意?例

42、如:Let's pick up everything on the floor and get the room tidy before we go out. 我们出去之前,先把地板上的东西收拾干净,再把房间搞整洁?The teacher told the students to pick up the books and the exercise books on the desks. 老师叫学生们把书桌上的课本和练习本整理好?7. pick up有“购买;提取”之意?例如:His wife told him to pick up some picture books for the

43、 children on his way back. 他妻子叫他在回家的路上给孩子们买几本连环画书?He went to the left-luggage office to pick up his bags just now. 他刚才去行李寄存处取回了他的包?8. pick up有“看到;瞥见”之意?例如:When we picked up the pagoda in the distance, we knew we were nearing the city. 一看到远处的宝塔,我们就知道离那个城市不远了?Upon picking up the rags, the old man coul

44、dn't help thinking of the bitter life before liberation. 一瞥见那些破衣烂衫,老人就忍不住想起解放前的悲惨生活?9. pick up有“(跌倒后)重新爬起来”之意?例如:She fell on the slippery road, but quickly picked herself up. 她滑倒在路上,但马上又爬了起来?The mother told her child who had fallen over to pick himself up. 那个母亲告诉孩子,跌倒了自己爬起来?10. pick up有“重提(话题等);

45、继续(谈)”之意?例如:He picked up the story where he had left it the day before. 他接着往下讲前一天没有讲完的故事?After the break, she picked up our conversation. 休息后她继续和我们谈话?11. pick up有“营救;抢救”之意?例如:Survivors of the shipwreck were picked up by small boats. 失事船上的幸存者被几艘小船救了上来?Although the fire spread through the hospital ver

46、y quickly, the firemen were able to pick up all the patients. 大火在这家医院里迅速蔓延开来,但消防队员们却成功地把所有的病人都救了出来?12. pick up也有“逮住;抓住”之意?例如:The fleeing culprit was picked up within twenty-four hours. 那名逃犯在二十四小时之内就被抓获了?The thief was picked up stealing and was taken to the police station. 那个盗贼在作案时被抓住,并被带到了警察局?13. pi

47、ck up也有“闻有(味道);嗅出(气味)”的意思?例如:While reading, she suddenly picked up something burning. 她在看书时,突然闻到有什么东西烧着了?The hound picked up the fox's smell and started to chase after it. 猎犬嗅出了狐狸的气味,便开始跟踪追赶?14. pick up还有“(天气)变晴;(产量)上升;(速度)加快”之意?例如:It looks as though the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就要变晴

48、了?The output picked up again in the following year. 第二年产量又上去了?About two kilometres out of the station, the train began to pick up speed. 驶出车站大约两公里之后,火车便开始加快速度?知识点总结：if 和 whether用法whether和if用法相同吗？老师有时相同，有时不同。 whether和if都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中，whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。例如：She asked me i

49、fwhether I could help her with her English她问我是否能帮她学英语。I don't know ifwhether it is going to rain我不知道是否会下雨。它们之间的相同点我已明白。它们之间有什么不同呢？老师在下列六种情况下，只能用whether，不能用 if：1在带to的动词不定式前。例如：She hasn't decided whether to go or not她还没有决定去还是不去。He doesn't know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at

50、home他不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视。2在介词后面。例如：I'm thinking of whether we should go fishing我在想我们是否该去钓鱼。I'm not interested in whether she'll come or not她来不来，我不感兴趣。3直接与or not连用时。例如：I can't say whether or no the will come on time他能否准时来，我说不准。I don't know whether or not they will come to help us我不知道他

51、们是否会来帮助我们。4在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中。例如：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week我们讨论下周我们是否举行运动会。5宾语从句提前时只能用whether。例如：Whether this is true or not，I can't say这是不是真的，我说不准。6引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用 whether。例如：Whether he is right or wrong is a question他是对还是错仍是个问题。The question was whether he went the

52、re last night问题是他昨晚去没去那里。那么，在什么情况下用if不用whether呢？老师在下面三种情况下用if不用whether：1引导条件状语从句，if意为“如果”时，不可用 whether代替。例如：We will go swimming if it is fine tomorrow如果明天天气好，我们将去游泳。We'll go hiking ifit doesn't rain tomorrow如果明天不下雨，我们将去徒步旅行。2引导否定概念的宾语从句时一般用if。例如：He asked me if I hadn't finished my homewo

53、rk他问我是否没有完成作业。3状语从句中的even if（即使）和as if（好像）中的if不能用whether来替代。例如：I'll not let you watch TV even if you're free即使你有空，我也不让你看电视。He talks as if he knew all about it他说话的口气好像他全部都已知道了。OK，讲了这么多，不知你听明白了吗？听明白了。Thank you，sir城市、公共设施等如何用英文表达知识点总结：分类词汇：关于城市的常见英语词汇centre of population 城市city 城capital 首都metro

54、polis 大都市centre 市中心 (美作:center)shopping centre 商业区municipality 市政当局municipal 市的,市政的district 区residential area 居民区,住宅区urban 市区的suburb 近郊区outskirts 郊区slums 贫民窟,贫民区shantytown 贫民区village 村hamlet 小村hole, dump 狭小破旧的住房locality 所在地Chinese quarter 唐人街extension 范围,扩展house 房子building 楼房skyscraper 摩天楼flat 居住单元,套房shop, store 商店department stores 百货公司bazaar, bazaar 市场market 市场,集市junk shop 旧货店newsstand 报摊Commodity Exchange 商品交易所Stock Exchange 股票交易所town hall 市政厅Lawcourt 法院church 教堂cathedral 大教堂chapel 小礼拜堂cemetery 墓地,公墓grave, tomb 坟,墓school 学校university 大学library 图书馆theatre 剧院 (