12月17英语四级快速阅读真题及答案

1、2011年12月17英语四级快速阅读真题及答案PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)WhyIntegrityMattersWhatisIntegrity?"Integrity"isdefinedas"adherencetomoralandethicalprinciples;honesty."Thekeytointegrityisconsistency-notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respec

2、tforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethicalstandardsevenwhenmakinglife'shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?Wefeeldisappointed

3、inourselvesandashamed.Butalapseofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.RiskyBusinessWeareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenift

4、hedecision-makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedid,andthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,bec

5、auseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan'tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'tknowtherulesaboutplagiarismmayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercredit,oronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentiona

6、llyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"unintentional"doesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisnotadefense."ButEverybodyDoesItMostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfacts,butmanagetofoolthemseWhyIntegrityMattersWhatisIntegrity?"Integrity"isdefin

7、edas"adherencetomoralandethicalprinciples;honesty."Thekeytointegrityisconsistency-notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethicalstandardsevenwhenmakin

8、glife'shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapseofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherper

9、sonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.RiskyBusinessWeareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision-makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandi

10、ngwhyweactedaswedid,andthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan'tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefact

11、s.Forexample,onewhodoesn'tknowtherulesaboutplagiarismmayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercredit,oronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"unintentional"doesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisn

12、otadefense."ButEverybodyDoesIt"Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfacts,butmanagetofoolthemseWhyIntegrityMattersWhatisIntegrity?"Integrity"isdefinedas"adherencetomoralandethicalprinciples;honesty."Thekeytointegrityisconsistency-notonlysettinghighpersonalstandards

13、foroneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethicalstandardsevenwhenmakinglife'shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolate

14、otherethicalstandards?Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapseofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.RiskyBusinessWearee

15、achresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision-makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedid,andthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfuture

16、problems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan'tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'tknowtherulesaboutplagiarismmayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercredit,oronewhofailst

17、okeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"unintentional"doesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisnotadefense."ButEverybodyDoesIt"Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfacts,butmanagetofoolthemseelvesabouttherisk

18、sthey'retakingbyusingexcuses:"Everyoneelsedoesit,""I'mnothurtinganyone,"or"Ireallyneedthisgrade."Excusescangetveryelaborate:"IknowI'mlookingatanother'sexam,eventhoughI'msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'snotcheatingbecauseI'mjustc

19、heckingmyanswers,notcopying."Wemustbehonestaboutouractions,andavoidexcuses.Ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'tseetherealchoicewe'remaking-andthatleadstobaddecisions.Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswe

20、republic,andanyonecouldbewatchingoveryourshoulder.Wouldyoufeelproudorashamedofyouractions?Ifyou'dratherhideyouractions,that'sagoodindicationthatyou'retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.EvaluatingRisksTodecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellas

21、rightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefits("what'sinitforme"),andsimplyhaven'tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareserious,andmayincludea"0"onatestorassignment;an&q

22、uot;F"intheclass;SuspensionorDismissalfromschool;transcriptnotation;andatarnishedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaruleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlife,andgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishment:youhavenocontroloverwhatthatpunishmentmightbe.Thisisanextremelyprecariousandvulnerableposition.Theremaybes

23、omemattersoflifeanddeath,orhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.GettingAwayWithIt-OrNotThosewhodon'tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'tlearnfromthetest,deprivinghim/herselfofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindepen

24、dence:thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-esteemandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guilty,andafraidofgettingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseits

25、eems"easier."Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.Studentshavebeendismissedfromschoolbecausetheydidn'tgetthissimplemessage:HonestyistheONLYpolicythatworks.CheatingHurtsOther

26、s,TooCheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"don'tcount"anddon'treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveaprofoundcumulativeeffect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease,andacheatercanencourageothersjustbybeingseenfromacrosstheroom.Recentstatisticssuggest30%ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.

27、Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers'grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating"poisons"theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.("IfIdon'tcheat,Ican'tcompetewiththosewhodo.")Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoodteachingisseeingstuden

28、tslearn,butacheatersays,"I'mnotinterestedinwhatyou'retryingtoteach;allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers."Theendresultisablatantanddestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheUniversity,andharmthosewhoworkedhardforthei

29、rdegree.WhyIntegrityMattersIfcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofotherseveryday.Ifnot,wecouldn'tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist-thelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmtha

30、tiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation's

31、economyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichw

32、ewanttolive.1. Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso.A) stickstothemintheirdailylifeB) makesthemknowntoothersC) understandstheirtruevaluesD)seesthatothersalsofollowthem2. Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?A) IthelpstocreateteamspiritB) ItfacilitatescommunicationC) ItisthebasisofmutualtrustD)Itinspiresmutualrespect3. why