英语选修六虚拟语气

1、Unit 1 ArtLearning about language高二人教新课标版选修六高二人教新课标版选修六Discovering useful words and expressions1 Find the word or expression for each of the following meanings from the text. 1. _ excellent; splendid2. _ purpose; intention3. _ silly or unreasonable4. _ trust; strong belief5. _ easily noticed or unde

2、rstood6. _ traditionalsuperbaimridiculousfaithevidentconventional7. _ room or building for showing works of art8. _ based on general ideas rather than specific examples9. _ method of doing or performing something, especially in the arts or sciences10. _ the art of making figures, objects, etc out of

3、 stone, wood, clay, etcgalleryabstracttechniquesculpture2 Complete the passage below using the words in the box in the correct form. predict, adopt, attempt, possess, by coincidence, a great deal, on the other hand, ARE THOSE SUNFLOWERS A REAL PAINTING BY VAN GOGH? The most popular art style in West

4、ern countries is Impressionism. Many people would love to _ an Impressionist painting and spend _ of money to own one. _ there are a lot of painters who can _ the art style of any famous Impressionist artist andpossessa great dealby coincidenceadoptproduce unknown “masterpieces”. One such painter, O

5、tto Wacker, _ to make a lot of money quickly and painted lots of “masterpieces” in the style of Van Gogh. Many were considered to be Von Goghs own work by important art critics. On the one hand some of them were discovered. _ some famous art critics wonderattemptedOn the other handif there are many

6、other “masterpieces” hanging on gallery walls. As a man looking after Van Goghs paintings said: “I would not be surprised if the number (of “masterpieces”) grows to more than 200.” So who can _ where and when the next “masterpiece” will be discovered? predictSubjunctive moodGrammar一、语气的分类一、语气的分类英语的动

7、词一般可带三种不同的语气英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气: 陈述语气陈述语气, 祈使语气和虚拟语气。祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。 陈述语气陈述语气I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet. 祈祈使语气使语气Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.关于陈述语气关于陈述语气 1What will you do if it rains tomorrow?I will stay

8、at home if it rains tomorrow.关于陈述语气关于陈述语气 2关于祈使语气关于祈使语气 1关于祈使语气关于祈使语气 2关于祈使语气关于祈使语气 3关于祈使语气关于祈使语气 4 虚拟语气虚拟语气If I were you, I would not leave her alone.Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语形从句的谓语形式式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去过去未来未来V. + ed (were)had donewould/could/s

9、hould/might +V (原原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1. V. + ed.2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V.(原原)一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 如果现在不下雨的话如果现在不下雨的话, 我们就出去野餐了。我们就出去野餐了。 If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果他来这如果他来这, 他就能够帮助你了。他就能够帮助你了。If he came here, he

10、might be able to help you. 要是当初她被邀请的话要是当初她被邀请的话, 她就会去参加她就会去参加这次聚会了。这次聚会了。 She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 今天早上今天早上, 她要是不叫我的话她要是不叫我的话, 我就会我就会睡过头了。睡过头了。 If she hadnt called me, I would have overslept this morning. 明年我要是二十岁明年我要是二十岁, 我就会学法语。我就会学法语。 If I were to be twenty years

11、old next year, I would take the course of French. 要是失败了要是失败了, 我会再试一次。我会再试一次。If it should fail, I would try again.1. 如果你早来如果你早来5 5分钟分钟, ,你就赶上这趟车了。你就赶上这趟车了。If you _ here five minutes earlier, you _ the bus.2. 如果我现在不忙如果我现在不忙, ,我就来帮你了。我就来帮你了。If I _ not busy, I _ you now.3. 如果明天下雪了如果明天下雪了, ,我们怎么办？我们怎么办？W

12、hat _ we do if it _tomorrow?had gotwerewould helpshouldwere to snowwould have caughtIf I _ busy last night,I _ to see thefilm with you.had not beenwould have goneIf he _ more carefully,he _ the car accident yesterday. would not have had had driven If I _(know) your telephone number, I _ (telephone)

13、you yesterday.had knownwould have telephoned二、虚拟语气特殊句型二、虚拟语气特殊句型:1. wish 的宾语的宾语从句从句现在现在: 过去时过去时(were)过去过去: 过去完成时过去完成时(had done)未来未来: would/could/might +V.(原原) should我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。I wish I were ten years younger now.我昨天要是遇见他就好了。我昨天要是遇见他就好了。I wish I had met him yesterday.我希望成为一名科学家。我希望成为一名

14、科学家。I wish I would be a scientist.I wish I were as tall as YaoMing.I wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon. 表示对表示对过去情况过去情况的虚拟的虚拟:从句动词从句动词常用常用“had过去分词过去分词”。The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.I wish it would rain tomorrow

15、.2. would rather that现在现在:过去过去:未来未来: I would rather you paid me now. I would rather I hadnt come yesterday. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时3. as if /though + 从句从句 现在现在：过去过去：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时 She loves the baby as if it were her own son. I remember the whole thing as if it had

16、happened yesterday. 他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他看上去像是醉了。他看上去像是醉了。He looks as if he were drunk. 她看起来似乎是冰做的。她看起来似乎是冰做的。she looked as if she were made of ice.我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉了。4. Its (about/high) time +that过去时过去时(were)should(不省不省) +V.你该走了。你该走了。Its high

17、time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求表示要求, 命令命令, 建议的虚拟语气。使用建议的虚拟语气。使用should + 动词原形动词原形, 或者将或者将should省略省略。常见动词常见动词: 一个坚持一个坚持, 两个命令两个命令, 三个建议三个建议, 四个要求。即四个要求。即1) insist 2) order, com

18、mand 3) advise, suggest, propose4) demand, require, request, askI suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意注意: 如如suggest, insist不表示不表示“建议建议” 或或“坚持要某人做某事时坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其即它们用于其本意本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”、“坚持认为坚持认为”时时, 宾宾语从句用陈述语气。语从句用陈述语气。1) The guard at ga

19、te insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2) He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospital at once.obeywasbe sent3) He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4) His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.havewas以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句包括主语从句, 表语从句和同

20、位语也要表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气使用虚拟语气, 从句中的动词形式为从句中的动词形式为(should) + 动词原形动词原形order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request 6. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that 从句从句, 从句中的动词要用虚拟从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即即(should)+动词原形动词原形我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。It is important that we (sho

21、uld) master a foreign language.很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。 It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. 我们有必要努力学习。我们有必要努力学习。Its necessary that we should study hard.7. 虚拟语气用于虚拟语气用于If only 引导的感叹句引导的感叹句 中中, “要是要是就好了就好了”If only I were a flying bird!= How I wish I were a flying bird!要是我看过那部电影就好了！

22、要是我看过那部电影就好了！If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!8. 在含有在含有If it were not for或或If it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中。条件句的虚拟语气中。nIf it were not for the rain, the crops would die.要不是你的帮助要不是你的帮助, 我们就不可能提前完成任务。我们就不可能提前完成任务。If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the

23、work ahead of time.= But for your help= Without your help= Had it not been for your help,9. 混合型的条件句混合型的条件句 当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一 致时致时, 虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。 主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应, 这种条件句叫混合条件句这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的。较多见的 混合型条件句是混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时从句用过去完成时 (指过去行为指过去行为), 而主句用一般时而主句用一般

24、时(指指 目前状态目前状态)。如果他听了我的劝告如果他听了我的劝告, 他现在会通过考试。他现在会通过考试。He would pass the test if he had taken my advice. 假如昨天我对他说了假如昨天我对他说了, 现在我就知道该怎么现在我就知道该怎么 办了。办了。 If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如我是你假如我是你, 我当时就不会打破那杯子。我当时就不会打破那杯子。 If I were you , I would not have broken the glass.

25、 10. 连词连词if的省略的省略 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were, had和和should时时, 可省略可省略if, 把把were, had 和和should放到从句主语前面去放到从句主语前面去, 多见于多见于 书面语。书面语。要是没有你的帮助要是没有你的帮助, 我就失败了。我就失败了。 Had you not helped me, I should have failed. 假如你处在我的地位假如你处在我的地位, 你也会这样干的。你也会这样干的。 Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如他们进攻我们假

26、如他们进攻我们, 我们就把他们彻底我们就把他们彻底 消灭干净。消灭干净。 Should they attack us, well wipe them out completely. 1. _ he come, the problem would be settled. A. would B. should C. shall D. if 2. _, man could not live at all . A. were it not for the sun . B. if it was for the sun . C. had it not been for the sun. D. if it

27、shouldnt be for the sun. B A 3. _. Everything would have been all right. A. had he been here B. here he had been C. been here he had D. had he been here 4. _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. would you be B. should you be C. could you be D. might you be B

28、 B 错综时间条件句。即假设条件从句谓语动词错综时间条件句。即假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的时间而定。主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的时间而定。* 近几年各类考试中常见的试题类型：近几年各类考试中常见的试题类型：If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious.A. would

29、nt be B. will not have beenC. wouldnt have been D. would have not beenA 如果你采纳了我的建议如果你采纳了我的建议, 你现在就会好得多。你现在就会好得多。 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果你之前努力学习了如果你之前努力学习了, 你现在就是一名大学你现在就是一名大学生生, 四年后就会大学毕业了。四年后就会大学毕业了。If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now

30、, and you would graduate from a college in four years time. 假设条件虚拟倒装。假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有条件从句中有should, were, had三个助动词三个助动词, 可以把可以把 if 省略省略, 并将这并将这三个词提至句首。三个词提至句首。_ she a man, she might be elected president.A. If were B. Were C. Be D. IsB If I had time, I would come. If it should rain tomorrow, we would

31、not go climbing.Had I time, I would come.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 含蓄虚拟条件句。句中有含蓄虚拟条件句。句中有without, or, otherwise , but for等词隐含某种假设。等词隐含某种假设。I lost your address, otherwise I_ you long before.A. had visited B. have visited C. would have visited D. should visitC 没有你的帮助没有你的帮助, 我们

32、就不会实验成功。我们就不会实验成功。Without your help, we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.要不是这场雨要不是这场雨, 我们就完成工作了。我们就完成工作了。But for the rain, we would have finished the work.常见的几种固定句式。常见的几种固定句式。如如If only, insist, suggest及及Its time/necessary/important that从句等等。从句等等。If only I _ to my parents advice!A. listening

33、B. listen C. am listening D. had listenedHis silence at the meeting suggested that he _ to your plan.A. shouldnt agree B. wouldnt agree C. hadnt agreed D. didnt agreeD D The old professor gave orders that the experiment _ before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finishedIts high time he _ home.A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to goEven if he _(be) here, he