(word完整版)高中状语从句导学案

1、状语从句13思维导图易考易错点总结 状语从句包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状 语从句、 目的状语从句和结果状语从句。 对状语从句的考查主要集中在连接词上， 尤其要重 视 as, until, before, since, when, in case 等连词的各种语义功能和语法功能。具体来说主要包 括： 1考查状语从句的连接词。要掌握各个连词的含义及其用法，还有它们之间的区别。如：时间状语的连词有 while, when ，as，as soon as，until ，not until ，before, after, since 等；条件状语从句的连词有 if ，

2、 unless, in case, on condition that, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that)等；结果状语从句的连词有 so that(如此以至于 ), such that(如此以 至于 )等。2考查固定搭配和习惯用法的连接词。如：no soonerthan，hardlywhen，scarcelybefore，the moment/minute ，directly 。 3考查不同性质的连词在不同的语境中所表达的不同意义。如： as既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导原因状语从句和让步状语从句；where 能引导地点状语从句和定语从句等。

3、4考查状语从句的时态。 主要考查在时间、 条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表将来及用一般过去时代替过去 将来时的用法。5考查状语从句的省略。在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it 以及 be动词，保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。如果从句中有“it is形容词”结构，也可以省略it is。6考查状语从句、宾语从句、简单句和并列句的句式结构。如： when 引导时间状语从句意为“当的时候” ，引导宾语从句意为“什么时候” ； if 引导条件状语从句意为“如果” ，引导宾语从句意为“是否”等。一状语含义：修饰 _词、 词、 词或 ，说明动作或

4、状态特征的句子成分 .二状语从句：在主从复合句中做状语的从句。结构为：句子+引导词作状语。如：He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. 三状语从句分类： 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 条件状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句状语从句名 称常用连词时间When, while, as,as soon as, hardly when, no sooner than, scarcely.w since(自从),once,whenever, before, after ,till

5、, until, the moment(the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly,instantly,),by the time, every time, each time, as long as(=so long as)地点Where, wherever条件If, unless, once(一旦就),in case(that)(万一) ,so long as(as long as),on condition that ,as far as(so far as)原因Because, since既( 然),now th

6、at, as , ,seeing that看( 到 ),considering that(考 虑到)结果Such(a, an) that, so that, so, so that, that目的So that in order that, for fear that, in case(以防，以免)让步Though, although, as, ever if= even though, whatever, whenever, wherever, however, whichever, whoever, whomever, no matter what, no matter when, no

7、matter where, no matter how no matter which, no matter who, no matter whom, whether or not= whethero不r n管ot( 与否 )比较Asas, not so/as as, more than, less than方式As, just as, as if=as though练习题1. While I was walking along the street, I found many beatiful buildings ( )2. Where there is a will, there is a

8、 way. ()3. Now that/Since everybody is here, le't s begin our meeting. ()4. I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me. ()5. So clever was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. ( )6. As long as you don't lose heart, you' ll succeed. ()7. Try as he might, he

9、 could not find a job. ()8. The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son. ()9. He is taller than I am.(一 . 时间状语从句时间状语从句常用 1)When, while, as, 2)as soon as, hardlywhen/before , no soonerthan, scarcely.when,whenever3)since(自从 ),once, before, after ,till, until,4) the moment(the minute, the sec

10、ond, the instant, the day,the year ,)by the time, every time, each time,next time，any time . the first time ,the second time 5) immediately, instantly，directly), 等词来引导。例如：It was raining hard I got to school yesterday. he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. he walked along the lake, he sang h

11、appily.He had learned a little Chinese he came to China. he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.He was ill I saw him.No sooner had she heard the news he cried.1. 连接词 when 的用法小结1) when 可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”从句的谓语动词可以 是 ，也可以是 的。如： the film ended, they went back. I lived there, I used to

12、 go to the seashore on Sundays.2) . When 常用于下列句式：意为“就在那时”。如：was doing somethingwhenwas about to dowhenwas on the point of doing sth. whenhad donewhen3) when 可以表“既然”，如：How can I help them to understand they wo'n t listen to me?练习题 -填空1.We were swimming in the lake suddenly the storm started.2. He

13、 was about to tell me the secret someone patted him on the shoulder.3. He transplanted the little tree to the garden it was the best time for it.4. Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight o'clock he arrived home.5. He was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice cam

14、e to his ears.2. 连接词 while 的用法小结1. while 可用来引导时间状语，意为“ ”；引导的动作必须是 _，如：Please don' t talk so loud others are working.2. while 作为并列连词，意为“ ”，表示对比。Jane was dressed in brown Mary was dressed in blue.3. while也可用来引导让步状语，意为“ ”；相当于 _ I admit that the problems are difficult , I don 't agree that they

15、can' t be solved.4 趁的情况赶紧做 , 否则来不及了Strike the iron is hot.练习1. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, the quality oflife is probably one of the highest.A. sinceB. when C. as D. while2. I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.A. WhileB. Since C. Befor

16、e D. Unless3. it is true that a student's most important goal is to do well in his or herstudies, it doesn't need to be the only goal.A when B As C While D Before4. Mary made coffeeher guests were finishing their meal.全（ 国 ）A. so thatB. althoughC. while D. as if3. as用法小结1. 引导时间状语从句：强调同时发生或紧接

17、着发生，动作无先后。当时候 一边一边 随着2. 引导原因状语从句： 3. 引导方式状语从句： _4. 引导让步状语从句： , 必须用 5. 引导比较状语从句： as as6. 引导定语从句： 7. 介词： 练习题猜测词义， as 用法小结1. As I left the house, I forgot the key.2. As I get older, I get more optimistic.3. He hurried home, looking behind as he went.4. As the weather is so bad, we have to stay home.5.

18、You can do it as you like.6. Old as he is, he is still energetic.7. He speaks English as fluently as a native speaker.4.比较 while, when, as类别作用例句asas 表示 “当 的时候 ”，往往和 when/ while 通用， 但它着重强调主 句与从句的动作或事情同时或几 乎同时发生。She came up as I was cooking.（ 同时 ） The runners started as the gun went off.（ 几乎同时 ）when(a

19、t or during the time that ) 既可以表 示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某 一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或 事情可以同时发生也可以先后发 生。It was raining when we arrived.（ 指时 间点）When we were at school, we went to the library every day.（ 在一段时间内 ）whilewhile 意思是 “当 的时候 ”或 “在 某一段时间里 ”。主句中的动作或事Please don ' t talk so loud while others are working.情在从句中的动作或事

20、情的进展 过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要 用延续性动词。在 when 表示 a period of time 时，两者可以互换。He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.（用 as 或 when 不可，这里的 while 意思是 “趁”）注意事项：a. as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。例如：Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to m我e. 一刹车， 有 一个人向我走来。b. 当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用 wh

21、en 引导这个从句，不可 用 as 或 while 。例如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.c. 从句表示 "随时间推移 " 连词能用 as，不用 when 或 while。例如： As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去， 天气越变越坏。 练习题 -用 while, when, as 填空： I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the stor

22、e. John arrived, I was cooking lunch. he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening. How can he get good grades he won 't study? （ 他不好好学习却能得高分， 他是怎么做到的？ When 表示虽然 ） I was wandering through the street I caught sight of a tailor ' s shop. the grandparents love the children, th

23、ey are strict with them.对比练习 1. We were about to leave it began to rain.2. She thought I was talking about her son, , in fact, I was talking about my son.3. Hardly had I finished my composition the bell rang.A. whenB. while C. as D. during5. 引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：till, until 和 not until1.until/till 从句用

24、于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动作，意为“ ”。如： We waiteduntil/till he came.2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“ ”。如： He won ' t go tobed until her father returns.3 till 不可以置于句首，而 until 可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it.4not until 句型中的强调和倒装说法：It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.Not until you told m

25、e did I have any idea of it. 练习题1. Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?Yes. He had never praised him he became one of the top students inhis grade.A. after B. unless C. until D. when2. (03 上海) A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners ' curiosity hereaches the end o

26、f the story.A. when B. unless C. after D. until3. It was not she took off her dark glasses I realized she was a famousfilm star.A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then6. 连接词 before 的小结说出 before 含义1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.2 We hadn't run a mil

27、e before he felt tired.3 Please write it down before you forget it.4 Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.before 的有关句型1) It will be/ 段时间 before“还要过多久才”It will be two years before he leaves the country.2) It was +时间段 +before 从句 (动作已发生)It was three weeks before he came back3) It will not b

28、e long before “不多久就会”It won' t be long before she comes back4) It was not long before“不多久就了”如： It wasn't long before he left the country.5) It is时间 since如：It is three years since she was in the army.It is three years since she joined the army.7. since 的用法1) . I have returned home four times

29、since I came here.2) . She has been working here since he left school.3) . I have seen her twice since he lived here.4) . It is three years since the war broke out.5) . It was years since I had seen her.译： 总结：It is +some time + since + did.It was +some time + since+ had done.练习题1. He made a mistake,

30、 but then he corrected the situation it got worse.A. untilB. whenC. before D. as2. Scientists say it may be five or six years it is possible to test this medicineon human patients.A. since B. after C. before D. when3. Why didn' t you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the roomI could s

31、ay a word.A. beforeB. until C. when D. after4. It is almost five years we saw each other last time.A. beforeB. since C. after D. Because对比练习1. It will be years we meet again.2. It is ten years I came to this town.3. It is ten years ago I came to this town.A. whenB. thatC. beforeD. since8. hardly / s

32、carcely W/bheefonre , no sooner than, as soon表 as示 “一 就 ”， once（一旦 ）.如果 hardly 或 no sooner 或 scarcely 置于句首，句子必须倒装。Hardly /scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. I have finished it , I'll give you a call. you show any fear, he will attack you.We had hardly got into the country it began to

33、 rain.=when it began to rain.用部分倒装 ）No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived she started complaining.9. directly, immediately,instantly , the moment, the minute 一就 He made for the door he heard the knock.10. 一些含有 time 的名词短语，如 the first /second/last time,every time, each time, next time, b

34、y the time 等，也可引导时间状语从句。The first time I drove the car, I felt very nervous.Next time you come, please bring your composition. 注意：表示未来情况，主句用将来时，从句用现在时。 在时间和条件从句中， 主句是一般将来时， 从句通常用一般现在时表示一般将来 或者用现在完成表示将来完成。e.g. We'll go outing if it doesn 't rain tomorrow.I' ll write to you as soon as I ge

35、t to Shanghai.Don't get off the bus until the bus has stopped .练习题1. Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her I saw her.A. whileB. the moment C. suddenly D. although2. I thought her nice and honest I met her.A. first timeB. for the first timeC. the first timeD.

36、 by the first time3. entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report.A. He hardly hadB. Had he hardlyC. Hardly had heD. Hardly he had二 . 条件状语从句引导状语从句的连接词有 :If “如果” , unless 相当于 if not “除非，如果不” , as /so long as只要, in case假 使, 如果, provided/providing( that), 假如 Suppose/supposing( t

37、hat)假, 如, on condition that条件是 As (so) far as - 据所知 given ( that),鉴于、考虑1.if “如果”，表示正面的条件 .“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于 一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up, or you 'll be late.=If you don't hurry up, you'll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

38、If you work harder,you will succeed.Work harder, you will succeed.Work harder, you won't succeed. harder,you will succeed.2. on condition that, suppose(that), supposing (that)(假如)in case(万一),provided (that), providing (that)倘若)等也可引导条件状语从句。e.g.You may borrow the book, that you do not lend it to o

39、thers. (that)I don 't have a day off, what shall ？we do (that) there is no opposition, I will act as the representative of our school. 练习题1. I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.A. Because B. As far as C. If D. Even if2.I always take something to read when I go

40、to the docto'r s I have to wait.Ain caseBso thatCin order Das if三. 让步状语从句引导词有 though, although ，even though, even if, as( 倒装),while(尽管)whoever, whatever, however, no matter=what/when/who/how, whether oertc.1) though, although 引导的让步状语从句，后面的从句不能有 _，但是可和 (and)yet可连用。例如：Although it's raining, th

41、ey are still working in the field.He is very old, but he still works very hard.Though the sore may be healed, yet a scar may remain伤. 口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。2) as引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提 前)。例如： Child as he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. Though也可以用于倒装，但其可倒装可不倒装。Child though he was, he knew

42、 what was the right thing to do.3) ever if, even though 即使。 例如： Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.4) whether or 不管都。例如： Whether you believe it or not, it is true.5) "no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀 ever" 。例如：No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, h

43、e would not mind.替换 no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however(+形容词 /副词 +主 语+谓语) 注意： no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。6) while 也可一代让步状语从句，意思是 “尽管 ” e.g.While I admit his good points, I can see his

44、shortcomings. 练习题1. I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.A. WhileB. SinceC. BeforeD. Unless2. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, they are different from yourown.A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though3. He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult i

45、t was.A. howeverB. no matter C. whatever D although4. The old tower must be saved, the cost.Ahowever B whatever C whichever D wherever5. English and French are taught here. You can choose you like.A. no matter which B. whicheverD. Whatever对比练习1. He would have a look at the bookstores he went to town

46、.2. We decide to finish the work on time, happens.3. If we work with a strong will, we overcome any difficulty, great it is.4. I'll give the book to likes English.A. whenever B. Whoever C. whatever D. however四 结果状语从句1.结果状语从句常由 so that ,so that或 suchthat 引导。sothat与 suchthat 之间可以转换。例如：The boy is s

47、o young that he cant go to school. =He is such a young boy that he can t go to schoolThere is not much noise here so that I feel very comfortable.2. so that ,such that 的区别： So为副词，修饰形容词或副词，不能修饰 名词； such 是形容词，用来修饰名词。常见结构有：2) such+ a +adj名词 +that clause such+(adj)+名词复数3) so +adj./adv. +that clause4) so

48、 + many/few + 复数名词 +that clausemuch/little (少) +不可数名词e.g.Mike is _ an honest worker that we all believe him.(= Mike is _honest an worker that we all believe him).It is good weather that we all want to go out.He earned little money that he couldn't support himself.It's not surprising that lit

49、tle child can manage it.注意：so that 表 示 目 的 和 结 果 的 区 别 ： 目 的 状 语 从 句 谓 语 常 含 有 can/could/may/might/will/would 等情态动词。They set out early so that they might arrive in time. （）They set out early so that they arrived in time（. ）五.原因状语从句 引导词有 because, since, now that,（既然 ） as 和 for 比较 because, since, as和

50、for ：1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答 why 提出的问题。当原 因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用 as 或 since。例如：I didn t go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2）由 because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用 for 来代替。 但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for 。例如：He is absent today, because/ for he is ill. He

51、 must be ill, for he is absent today.3）since 表示对方已经知晓，无需加以说明的原因或事实，语气比because弱。I'll do it for you since you are busy.4）now that 意为“既然”，与 since同义，但更突出事实本身。Now that I am well again, I can go on with my work.5）as表示的往往是十分明显的原因，听者或读者已经知道或可以看出来，语气 较弱，比较口语化。As you object, I'll change my plan.六.目的状语

52、从句表示目的状语的从句可以由 so that, in order that, les（t 以防， 免得，以免）, for fear that（以防，免得，以免） , in case（以防，免得，以免）等词引导。例如：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.你 必须大点 声，别人就能听见了。He wrote the name down for fear that（lest） he should forget it. 他写下了这个 名字以免以后忘记。a.目的状语从句谓语常含有 can/could/ma

53、y/might/will/would 等情态动词。 b.连接词“ in case， lest， for fear that”可以用来引导虚拟语气。 其形式通常为： “ lest （in case， for fear that） + 主语 + should + 动词原形” 。Lest， for fear that 句中的 should 可以省去， in case 句中的 should 通常不省去，但是 in case 句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。 Lest， for fear that 后面也可以接其他 形式。例如：He took his coat with him in case it

54、 should rain.他带着雨衣以防下雨。I will not make a noise for fear that I （ should/ might） disturb you.我不会做声的， 以免打扰你。Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow（ should） occur.在使用这以方法的时候要谨慎小心，以免发生溢流现象七 . 比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由 asas, not as/soas,than, the morethe more引导。1) as/soas e.g Tom is as tall as John.

55、 Tom is not so/as tall as John. 注意： as as既可以用于肯定句又可以用于否定句 ; soas只用于否定句。2) than e.g He runs faster than I (run).3) the morethe more e.g The harder he tries, the better result he will get.八 . 方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由 as if,; as though; as,（; just） as ,so 引,导。1）as,（ just） as so引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后， 但在（ just） asso 结

56、构中位于句首，这时 as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是 " 正如"，" 就像"，多用 于正式文体。例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.你 希望人家怎样待你，你就 要怎样待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man.Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 2）as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表

57、示与事实相 反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作 " 仿佛似的"，"好像似的"。例如：They completely ignore these facts as if （as though） they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。 （与事实相反，谓语用虚 拟语气。）He looks as if （as though） he had been hit by lighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） It looks as if the weathe