Basic Structure and Chemical Composition of the Cell-2013

1、Lecturer : Wang Guiling Biology life phenomena revolution and developmentCell Biology cellular level subcellular level molecular levelBiochemistry chemical composition chemical changes Learn to listen record ask Basic Structure and Chemical Composition of the Cell1.The chemical components of a cell1

2、.1 chemical elements of a cell basic element： C、H、O、N trace element ： Zn、I elementSmall molecules macromoleculesThree dimensional structureC ,H, O, NC ,H, O, NsugarFatty acidAmino acidnucleotideproteinNucleic acidNoncovalentNoncovalent band bandCovalent bandCovalent band inorganic moleculesorganic m

3、oleculeswaterInorganic salt1.2 Water （1）content 70% of a cell weight （2）the specific properties of water * polar molecules * hydrogen bond Water structurehydrophilic molecules hydrophobic moleculesH HH HH HO OO OH H1.3 Inorganic salt (1) content 2%-5% (2) ion form: Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+ (3) function main

4、taining osmotic pressure、pH maintaining the activity of enzymes involving in metabolic reaction in cells1.4 Four types of small molecules * molecular weight 1001000 * carbon atom 30 or so * free in solution in the cytoplasm Sugar Fatty acid Nucleotide Amino acid(1)Sugar A structure monosaccharides (

5、CH2O)n disaccharides polysaccharides oligosaccharide polysaccharidenextbackB function * providing energy ATP the food molecules of cells * storage of energy in animal glycogen（糖原） in plant starch (淀粉) * extracellular structural material cellulose（纤维素） recognition glycoprotein （糖蛋白） interaction glyco

6、lipid （糖脂） communication（2）fatty acid（脂肪酸） A structure C-H chain - COOH C=CB function * providing and storing energy* the component of cell MPhospholipidPhospholipid（）（）磷脂）磷脂）（3）amino acid（氨基酸） A structure amino group carboxyl group side chain B type basic side chain acidic side chain uncharged pola

7、r side chain nonpolar side chainC function * subunites（小单元） of proteins非极性非极性极性无电荷极性无电荷酸性酸性碱性碱性（4）nucleotides A structure phosphate P- P-P- P-P-P- sugar ribose（核糖） deoxyribose（脱氧核糖） base pyrimidine （嘧啶）C T U purine（嘌呤） A G 51B function * The subunite of nucleic acid * Carrier of energy （ATP） * Coenz

8、yme（CoA） * Signaling molecules （cAMP）2.The basic structure of a cell prokaryotic（原核） cells prokaryotes eukaryotic（真核） cells eukaryotes2.1 The basic structure of prokaryotic cell （1）cell wall position : outside of plasma membrane component: polysaccharide function: *protecting cell *regulating the pe

9、rmeability of cells （2）cell membrane（plasma membrane） position: near to inner face of cell wall component: similar to eukaryotic cells function: * enclosing cell * transporting substances * regulating the permeability of cells * multifunction: oxidative phosphorylation protein synthesis（3）cytoplasm

10、nucleoid：a single of ring DNA molecule not combined with proteins mesosome： *formed by invagination of plasma M *metabolism of energy DNA replication cell division ribosome 5，000-50，000/cell free in cytoplasm inner face of plasma membrane 2.2 basic structure of eukaryotic cells nucleus mitochondria（

11、线粒体） chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus lysosome peroxisome vesicle cytoskeleton cytosol cell membrane cell wallcytoplasmcell prokaryotic cell eukaryotic cellsize of cell small largenucleus nucleoid intact nucleus （no M、no nucleolus）cytoplasm no organelle organelle no cytoskeleton cytoskeleton ribosome ,RNA ribosome ,RNA DNA not binding to Pr chromosome a single DNA ring more than two, linearRNA and Pr same compartment different compartmentcell division amitosis mitosis n