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前板连续模设计及冲压工艺分析,连续,设计,冲压,工艺,分析
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毕业设计(论文)开题报告课题名称前板连续模设计及冲压工艺分析院 别:专 业:班 级:学生姓名:学 号:指导教师:课题来源导师课题课题类别毕业论文一、论文资料的准备1、研究现状和发展趋势1.1冲压技术的发展现状随着科学技术的不断进步,工业产品生产日益复杂与多样化,产品性能和质量也在不断提高,因而对冷冲压技术提出了更高的要求。冲压技术自身也在不断地创新和发展。冲压技术的发展现状主要可以归纳为以下几个方面:(1)冲压加工自动化与柔性化为了适应大批量高、高效率生产的需要,在冲压模具和设备上广泛应用了各种自动化的进、出料机构。对于大型冲压件,例如汽车覆盖件,专门配置了机械手或机器人。这不仅仅大大提高了冲压件的生产品质和生产率,而且也增加了冲压工作的安全性。在中、小件的大批量生产方面,现已广泛应用多工位级模、多工位压力机或高速压力机。在中、小批量多品种生产方面,正在发展柔性制造系统。为了适应多品种生产时不断更换模具的需要,已成功地开发出快速换模系统。 (2)塑性成形的基础理论已基本形成冲压成形工艺近年来有很多新的发展,在精密冲裁、精密成形、精密剪切、复合材料成形、超塑性成形、软模成形以及电磁成形等方面取得很大的进展。冲压件的成形精度、生产率越来越高。精密冲压的范围越来广,由平板零件精密冲裁拓宽到精密弯曲、精密拉深及立方体精密成形等。计算机辅助工程在冲压领域得到较好的应用,可进行应力、应变等的分析,排样、毛坯的优化设计及工艺过程的模拟与分析等,实现冲压过程的优化设计。此外,冲压成形性能和成形极限的研究,冲压件成形难度的判定以及成形预报等技术的发展,均标志着冲压成形已从原来的经验、实验分析开始走上由冲压理论指导的科学联系使冲压成形趱计算机辅助工程化和智能化的发展道路。(3)以有限元为核心的塑性成形数值仿真技术日趋成熟,为人们认识成形过程的本质规律提供了新途径。以有限元为核心的塑性成形数值仿真技术可以用于冲压成形过程的分析、优化和模具设计,能显著减少模具和调试周期,降低生产成本提高产品质量。在国外已得到广泛的应用,在我国随着产品更新换代的频繁化,模具设计与制造工作量急剧加大,对冲压成形的分析及模具CAD/CAE/CAM现代化设计手段的需求也急剧增加,CAE技术正在得到普遍重视并将得到更广泛的应用。冲压企业要从整体上提高效率、改进技术、优化管理、降低成本,还必须将计算机辅助技术集成运用。企业信息集成系统的推广应用,将从根本上改变现有企业生产管理的低效率,促进企业的技术进步及人员素质的提高,会产生明显的社会效益。进入20世纪90年代以来,高新技术全面促进了传统成形技术的改进及先进成形技术的形成与发展,同时冲压技术也取得了长足的发展。(4)CAD/CAE/CAM等技术的不断深入应用,使模具质量提高、制造周期下降。先进冲压技术是指导信息技术新材料新工艺与传统冲压成形技术的结合。前,冲压行业的技术水平和先进性,要表现在以CAD/CAE/CAPP/CAM技术为代表的数字化与信息化程度,及企业中信息集成和管理网络程度。目前,国内汽车覆盖件模具生产企业普遍采用了CAD/CAM技术,CAPP和技术也已开始使用。随着计算机的深入应用,我国不少企业已经在尝试或开展计算机辅助冲压工艺设计CAPP系统的应用。冲压CAPP系统已从工艺设计发展到工艺信息的管理,设计方法也从派生式、创成式、混合式三种CAPP系统并举的局面向智能化的混合式CAPP系统方向发展。但很多地方仍需要设计人员的决策与经验,真正实用的基于知识的大型复杂冲压件CAPP系统尚未建立。由于冲压工艺设计过程的复杂性和模糊性,要想全面有效地解决问题,需要一种新型智能型工程设计方法,即基于知识的工程的KBE技术及信息管理技术综合应用到冲压件工艺设计中,建立智能型的优化CAPP系统,并实现与CAK/CAE/CAM及管理的集成化,将是该领域未来发展的方向。(5)新的成形方法不断出现并得到成功应用。随着计算机技术的发展和普及,冲压模具也基本实现了计算机化,其中有代表性的是计算机辅助设计(CAD)、计算机辅助制造(CAM)和计算机辅助工程(CAE),有些企业还在AutoCAD平台上进行了二次开发,形成了具有自己特色的、针对性非常强的冲压模CAD软件。目前,我国以汽车覆盖件模具为代表的大型冲压模具的制造技术已取得很大进步。几大汽车模具厂由于采用了国际上先进的模具加工设备、制造技术和软件,实现了CAD/CAE/CAM一体化,如今的国内冲压模具企业几乎全部甩掉了传统的绘图板,摒弃了落后的手工绘图方式,大大提高了冲压模具的设计开发和制造能力,缩短了模具的生产周期。例如捷达、富康、夏利等轿车的大型件模具均为国内设计制造,再如一汽模具公司和美国福特汽车公司联合设计了大红旗轿车发动机罩的内外板和左右前翼子板等高档模具。近年来,我国冲压模具行业结构调整取得不小的成绩,无论是企业组织结构、产品结构、技术结构和进出口结构,都在向着合理化的方向发展。目前全世界模具总产值约为680亿美元,中国只占8%左右,为更新和提高装备水平,冲压模具企业每年都需进口设备。在创新开发方向的投入仍显不足,冲压模具行业内综合开发能力的提升已严重滞后于生产能力的提高,主要问题体现在以下几个方面:(1)各层次的冲压模具技术人才资源不足,尤其是高级模具设计人员、CNC数控机床操作工等,需求缺口较大。(2)模具标准化程度不高,模具及其零件部件的商品率偏低。(3)模具制造的专业化程度和集中化程度待进一步提高。(4)模具修理机制不健全,因拖延修理期影响生产的事时有发生。(5)模具寿命偏低,使模具费占产品成本比率过高且长期居高不下。(6)模具及零部件市场价偏低,模具修理费用更低,而且没有市场指导价,完全靠购销双方“议价”,地区与厂际之间价差悬殊。(7)模具新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料推广应用缓慢,特别是国内自行开发的模具新材料大多至今未能推广应用。上述一系列问题表明,中国目前的模具结构还需要进一步调整,增长方式也需要进一步转变,必须从量的扩张逐渐转变到以质为先的轨道上来。只有这样,我国模具产品的质量与水平才能真正提升,才能的拥有国际市场的竞争力,才能使模具产品的出口量的增长与质的提升相结合。1.2冲压技术的发展趋势21世纪的今天,中国凭借丰富且廉价的人力资源、庞大的市场及其它许多有利条件,已成为承接工业发达国家模具业转移的良好目的地。随着国际交往的日益增多和外资在中国模具行业的投入日渐增加,中国模具已经与世界模具密不可分,中国模具在世界模具中的地位和影响越业越重要。据相关专业人士分析,未来十年,中国模具工业和技术的主要发展方向将主要集中在以下几个方面:(1)模具结构日趋大型、精密、复杂及寿命日益提高。由于成型零件日趋大型及高效率生产所要求的一模多腔,使模具日趋大型化;随着零件微型化和模具结构发展的要求,今后模具加工的精度将更小,这必将促进超精密加工的发展。(2)CAD/CAE/CAM 技术在模具设计制造中的广泛应用。在模具设计与制造中,开发并应用计算机辅助设计的制造系统(CAD/CAE/CAM),发展高精度、高寿命模具和简易模具(软模、低熔点合金模具等)制造技术以及通用组合模具、成组模具、快速换模装置等,以适应冲压产品的更新换代和各种生产批量的要求。模具制造是设计的延续,推行模具设计与制造一体化可达到优化设计的要求。实践证明,模具CAD/CAE/CAM技术是当代最合理的模具生产方式,既可用于建模、为数控加工提供NC程序,也可针对不同的模具类型,以相应的基础理论,通过数值模拟方法达到预测产品成型过程的目的,改善模具结构。从CAD/CAE/CAM一体化的角度分析,其发展趋势是集成化、三维化、智能化和网络化,其中心思想是让用户在统一的环境中实现CAD/CAE/CAM协同作业,以充分发挥各单元的优势和功效。因此,应大力进行高端辅助设计制造软件的培训、推广和应用。(3)快速经济模具技术的推广应用。快速模具制造及快速成型技术是在近两来迅速发展起来的,并正向着高精度、更快捷的方向发展。与传统的模具技术相比,该技术具有制模周期短、成本特点,是综合经济效益较显著的模具制造技术。近年来快速模具制造商投入了很大的人力和物力,对各种模具的快速制造工艺进行研发,对传统的快速模具制造技术进行改造,嫁接了先进的RP及NC技术,有效满足一些高精度、高寿命模具的生产需求。(4)提高模具标准化水平和模具标准件的使用率。模具标准化及模具标准件的应用将极大地影响模具制造周期,还能提高模具的质量和降低模具制造成本。模具标准件应进一步增加规格、品种、发展和完善销售网络,保证供货速度,为客户提供交货期短、精度高、生产工艺性好、使用寿命长、价格低的优质模具标准件。(5)开发优质模具材料和先进的表面处理技术。模具材料是模具工业的基础,制造冲压件用的传统金属材料,正逐步被高强钢板、涂敷镀层钢板、塑料夹层钢板和其他复合材料或高分子材料替代。随着材料科学的发展,加强研究各种新材料的冲压成形性能,不断发展和改善冲压成形技术。当前,国外模具材料系列日趋完善与细化,国内开发的高级优质模具钢品种虽然不少,但推广应用不足,每年所需约70万吨模具钢还要有相当一分进口。(6)冲压成形技术将更加科学化、数字化,可控化。科学化主要体现深入研究冲压变形的基本规律、各种冲压工艺的变形理念、失稳理论与变形程度等对成形过程、产品质量、成本、效益的预测和可控程序。数字化主要体现在应用有限元、边界元等技术,对冲压过程进行数字模拟分析,以预测某一工艺过程中坯料对冲压的适应性及可能出现的质量问题,从而优化冲压方案。(7)成形过程的数值模拟技术将在实用化方向取得很大的发展,并与化制造系统很好地集成。人工智能技术、智能化控制将从简单形状零件成形发展到覆盖件等复杂开关零件成形,从而真正进入实用阶段。(8)注重产品制造全过程,最大程度地实现多目标全局优化。优化将从传统的单一成形环节向产品制造全过程及全生命期的系统整体发展。(9)对产品可制造性和成形工艺的快速分析与评估能力将有大的发展。以便宜从产品初步设计甚至构思时起,就能针对零件的可成形性及所需性能的保证度,作出快速分析评估。(10)冲压技术将具有更大的灵活性或柔性,以适应未来小指量多品种混流生产模式及市场多样化、修改化需求的发展趋势,加强企业对市场变化的快速响应能力。推广应用数控冲压设备、冲压柔性加工系统(FMS)、多工位高速自动冲压机以及智能机器人送料取件,进行机械化与自动化的流水线冲压生产。二、本课题的目的(重点及拟解决的关键问题)本课题要求对给定零件前板进行落料、冲孔、翻边、成形复合冲压模设计,通过对零件进行详细的工艺分析确定零件的冲压工艺方案并制定部分零件的制造工艺,如:凸模、凹模、凸凹模、凸模固定板、垫板、凹模固定板、卸料板、导尺、挡料销、导正销等。通过该课题能够让学生了解并掌握中等复杂程度零件冲压模具设计与制造的一般方法,对零件冲压工艺方案的制定、工艺计算及模具设计有了更深层次的认识,并学会对模具设计资料的检索与整合以及对已有资料的充分合理的使用,该实践性课题也对学生了解和掌握连续模冲压成型这种金属板材的重要成型方法及模具设计,既可以适应就业市场的需要,也为今后步入社会、走上工作岗位打下良好的基础。三、主要内容、研究方法、研究思路(1)通过对前板工件的工艺分析,确定工作的重点主要集中在模具工作部分零件的设计(比如:凸模、凹模、凸凹模),各种固定板的设计和相关尺寸计算和校核。(2)设计时前后工序的关联性以及模具的关联性,合理安排工序,尽量使模具的结构更紧密。同时在设计的过程中还要考虑到所设计零件的可加工性,要尽可能多的选用标准零件,达到规范化设计的要求成为此毕业设计的难点。(3)针对此次模具设计工作量大,工作难度大的特点,拟采用计算机辅助设计AutoCAD、UG等相关专业软件来完成模具的设计,从而来节省时间和精力;收集相关文献、期刊论文来加以辅助设计;针对自身理论方面的不足,将更多地向指导老师请教学习;当然,在具体的设计中也要不断地去实践设计的模具的实用性与经济性,使设计更趋于精确化,规范化,系统化。四、总体安排和进度(包括阶段性工作内容及完成日期)2013.3.11-2013.3.22 熟悉整理资料(12天) 2013.3.23-2013.4.06 方案选择及总体设计计算(15天) 2013.4.07-2013.4.19 确定计算草图(12天) 2013.4.20-2013.5.10 完成相关的分析、计算(20天) 2013.5.11-2013.5.25 完成设计图纸(15天) 2013.5.26-2013.6.08 完成毕业设计说明书(14天) 2013.6.09-2013.6.15 准备论文及答辩(7天)2013.6.16-2013.6.21 成果修改上交(6天)五、主要参考文献 【1】 王嘉.冷冲模设计与制造实例 北京:机械工业出版社,2009.【2】 柯旭贵.冲压工艺与模具设计 北京:机械工业出版社,2012.【3】 王新华.简明冲模设计手册 北京:机械工业出版社,2008.【4】 王芳.冷冲压模具设计指导 北京:机械工业出版社,1999.【5】 濮良贵.机械设计(第八版) 北京:高等教育出版社,2006.【6】 周宏甫.机械制造技术基础 北京:高等教育出版社,2010.【7】 叶邦彦.机械工程英语 北京:机械工业出版社,2005.【8】 Arley.朗文英汉双解词典 外语教学与研究出版社,2002【9】 王伯平.互换性与测量技术基础 北京:机械工业出版社,2008【10】 朱辉. 画法几何及工程制图 上海:上海科学技术出版社,2007.指导教师意见: 指导教师签名: 日期:教研室意见:教研室主任签名: 日期:系意见: 系领导签名: 日期:系盖章课题来源:导师课题、社会实践、自选、其他课题类别:工程设计、施工技术、新品开发、软件开发、科学实验、毕业论文。6 毕业实习报告院 别专 业班 级姓 名学 号指导教师 实习成绩 毕业实习报告写作要求1.实习目的及意义:我们本次实习是结合毕业设计选题深入工厂实地参观与调查,在这个基础上把所学的专业理论知识与实践紧密结合起来,提高实际工作能力与分析能力,达到学以致用的目的。通过此次参观实习了解制造生产企业的概貌,了解冲压模具生产企业的产品主要生产工艺流程,增加对冲压产品生产过程的具体认识及冲压模具生产设备和模具的感性认识。侧面了解目前国内机械生产工业的基本情况和发展趋势。虚心向工人和技术人员学习,培养热爱专业、热爱学习的品德。重点学习冲压模具生产设备的工作原理、机构特征及相关产品工艺流程。了解企业生产管理模式,学习先进的管理方式方法。收集毕业设计论文的相关资料。实习要求: 通过对学生机械制造工艺实践技能的训练,扩展学生所学课程外的学习及领悟能力,培养在以后工作中的自学及创新能力并促使学生养成勤于思考、勇于实践的良好作风和习惯;鼓励并着重培养学生的创新意识和创新能力;结合教学内容,注重培养学生的工程意识、产品意识、质量意识,提高其工程素质。实习时认真听报告、做好笔记。实习参观过程中主动向工程技术人员请教有关方面的问题。参观中听从引导人员的指挥,严格遵守工厂的安全规章制度,切实注意安全。实习单位的概况及发展情况:天津市津兆机电开发有限公司成立于2000年3月,是一家以冲压多工序连续模具设计、制造为核心,集技术研发、精密冲压加工、深层加工、部品组装为一体的高新技术企业,产品覆盖汽车、家电、移动通讯、电机等领域。公司旗下拥有天津、东莞、常州三大生产基地,形成了纵横南北,覆盖全国的市场格局。天津公司主要从事多工位、大型连续冲压精密模具的设计制造、精密冲压件的生产、冲压后序深层次加工和部品组装,年生产模具800套、冲压产品10000万件、组装产品100万套。东莞级进与常州津兆主要设计、生产微型马达、手机振动马达系列壳体、端盖、转子、定子及弹片等五金冲压件,年生产冲压产品3.5亿套。公司现有日本SODICK AQ750L/550L/360L慢走丝线切割6台,台湾健升慢走丝线切割5台,瑞士Agie慢走丝线切割1台,德国DMG/CHIRON加工中心16台,台湾数控龙门铣床2台,线切割机床62台,45-630T全自动冲压机床126台,数控磨床、数控铣床等各类机加工设备118台,冲压周边设备165台。完备的生产设施与先进的工艺技术、科学的管理体制相结合,建立了一套以“快速反应、高效服务”为特征的生产运营体系,充分实现客户利益最大化。产品系列:汽车、家电、电机、注塑类模具及产品。参观了汽车类精密模具、汽车类精密冲压模具、家电类精密模具、机壳类精密模具、注塑类精密模具。设备展示:慢走丝切割机、检测设备、三坐标测量设备、组装设备、清洗设备、点焊设备、(多头)攻丝加工设备、冲压机床、加工中心、快走丝切割机荣誉:天津市认定企业技术中心、中国重点骨干模具企业、高新技术企业认证证书、百优科技型中小企业、优秀科技小巨人企业、2010年度小巨人成长计划企业、2011年度小巨人成长计划企业、2012年度科技小巨人企业、模具技术创新先进单位、青年就业见习基地、天津市校外实训基地、三星公司协力社金奖、三星公司优秀业体奖、现代汽车SQ认证证书、TS16949 认证证书津兆人将以“求实、创新、级进、攀峰” 的精神,为客户服务,为中国模具行业的发展作出更加辉煌的贡献。天津津兆的企业理念企业价值观:诚信是我们最大的追求企业目标:超越自我,跻身国际化企业行列经营理念:尊重人格的经营,为顾客创造价值 经营承诺:满足客户要求,保质按期完成交货2.实习内容:本次毕业实习我们组一共八个人,在指导老师孙老师的带领下我们去的天津市津兆电子模具厂进行毕业设计的参观实习,时间定于3月18日,我们一行几人在张家口坐车去的天津,孙老师已经提前去天津安排实习的事情了,他和冯老师在天津站接的我们,吃过早饭我们和老师就一起去参观实习了。上午八点我们到达位于天津市西青区的津兆电子模具有限公司。首先我们进入会议室,一位人事部经理为我们做了详细介绍并配有PPT演讲稿。主要内容是公司的规模、主营产业、经营模式、人事管理、培养晋升机制、管理模式以及公司的发展方向,公司现在主要和国内外比较驰名的三星电子,丰田汽车和LG电子进行合作作为三星电子在全球的唯一模具配件供应厂商公司无论在现在还是在未来的发展上潜力都是无穷的我们认真听完了她的介绍随后我们一起进入工厂内部。为了安全起见我们与老师都要戴上安全头盔并保证不会进入到车间里工人们的工作区域。第一地点是在成品展区,不得不提的是作为一个生产制造加工的工厂里面干净整洁和会议室不相上下,映入眼帘的是一个大约十米多长的展柜,里面陈列了近百种模具生产出来的成品,大型的有长160mm宽60mm的展示连续摸的长板(如图3),小的有手指头大小的马达壳(如图1),种类涉及汽车、手机、家用电器、电子等多个领域。我们还拍了一些照片。然后是设计研发车间,里面有电脑、大型数控机床、小的钳工磨具等,每个机器前都有一个红色的框框表示那是他们的工作区域,这里人数并不多,却很忙碌,一些忙着在电脑前设计图纸并相互讨论,一些在数控机床前按照图纸加工一些样品,一些则在小型的机器前用卡尺测量一些模具,作进一步的加工。第二个地点就是生产车间,这里是各种大型的机械压力机、曲柄压力机、液压机等,满眼都是机械和加工品,一个卷材机输送钢材,压力机上装上模具对板材进行加工,然后由通道输送到机器的另一端,这时会有工人将他们收入箱子并排列整齐。有的把半成品进行在加工,工人的工作很轻松,而且都有条不紊。其中还有一间独立的小屋,是用来检验成品的,并且会把一些不合格的产品编号、记录、保存。我们还拿到了一件备用废品做参考样品,它很小很精细,其中有一个曲面能够看出来明显的弯了这也正是它被称为废品的原因。后来我们去了另一间厂房,也是公司最后加工打包的厂房。这里工人相对多一些,做的都是组装、铆接等精细的工作,需要几个人一起合作。最后我们在公司的食堂饱饱的吃了午饭并在会议室休息了一段时间结束了这次的企业实习。下午两点我们到达天津理工大学,我们参观了材料科学与工程学院的实验室以及实习工厂。首先我们到的是实习工厂,工厂的面积很大和我们的差不多。这样我想起了金工实习的日子,首先我们进的是电焊车间,里面正好有同学很认真的在实习,没有多逗留我们就继续去了别的车间,印象最深的是PLC车间,里面有简单的PLC机器和电脑相连,学生可以设计程序然后输入PLC并完成工作,模拟的车间工作情况非常形象,老师给我们进行了详细的解说。车床车间、数控车间可见很多女同学,她们很认真的听老师的讲解,并操作。后来我们到了材料学院的实验室,一些同学在和老师在实验室研究课题,一名同学在做材料分析,还给我们看了已经做好了的一些材料的照片并解释了这种照片的材料特点,另一个科研室是应力分析室,里面有两台压力机并陈列着一些学生做应力分析的样品,里面还有无线应变贴片解决了传统的贴应变片难的困扰。最后我们在学院前合影留念,怀着感激和不舍的心情结束了本次的实习。3.实习结果: 实习过程中我发现对于模具的加工制造审图属于第一道程序,而审图的正确与否直接决定着成品的合格率,我们参观在车间张贴的关于不合格品率较高原因的分析中由于审图不合格造成的比率居然高达50%,这就要求我们在加工制造环节严格审图,及时回归图纸无论是加工尺寸、还是加工形状都要严格对照图纸进行;其次就是绘制结构图过程也要考虑好如何搭接以及绘制骨架结构图,这些对于减少用料并延长模具的使用寿命起着很大的作用;再次就是备料阶段,备料要尽可能多但不要太多,要有一个适度原则,太少中间再去取料会耽误加工时间,延缓交货时间造成合同延误,太多剩余的料过多对于后续的回收清扫会造成过多的人员浪费,投入过多的人力物力也会延误工期,造成不必要的损失,总的来说备料要根据结构图和生产实际情况本着多、快、好、省的原则,计划准备材料;再就是制造过程要有合理的加工顺序和加工速度,一个零件到底是先拉伸还是先冲压都是我们要考虑的,这就要求我们根据产品的特点来制定合理的加工顺序和加工方法技术人员和车间工人要做好及时的反馈,因为我们的设计人员可能按照自己的理论设计出了加工顺序但是走到车间工人觉得不太适合我们的车间加工,还有更好地加工方法和顺序这就要求我们的设计人员及技术指导人员及时与车间的工人沟通并建立良好的反馈渠道为了更好地把公司分配的任务完成好而努力,并做一名合格的设计,技术人员,以后再工作中要虚心求教,认真完成学科的内容,并处理好人际关系。图1公司的主要产品图2 160毫米的连续模图3 公司的装配加工车间4.实习总结或体会: 作为一个即将毕业的机械专业学生,我很珍惜这次宝贵的实习机会,首先感谢我的老师和同学们,提供给我又一次实践的机会.在学校里我们所学的大多都是专业的理论知识,然而理论终究要应用到实践当中去,这次实习,我对所学的模具知识有了更加真切的了解。并且对实践出真知这句话有了更深刻的了解。作为即将毕业的学生,我们需要实践,需要更多关于工厂的实践,那里的方方面面都有我们值得学习的地方。通过本次毕业实习,让我明白了我们需要实际学习掌握的技能还很多、很多;课本知识不过是我们实践的基础部分,只有把基础打好结合实践的内容才能把工作做好,才能更好地为社会、为国家做出贡献;只有在实践中联系理论知识,在理论中反馈实践才能更好地发挥我们大学生的优势才能在以后的工作中立于不败之地,记得大一时在中铁三局实习技术室的主任告诉我永远不要以自己是大学生的身份感到自豪,好的技术、灵活的技巧永远掌握在车间工人手里,只有虚心的求教发挥自己理论的优势结合工人的实践知识才能更好地把工作做好。另外我倡议我们学校应该在大二或者大三就多组织这样的参观实习,假如我们不经常参加这方面的实习锻炼,我们这些大学生将来恐怕很难找到工作,而且在工作中缺乏的别不仅仅是理论如何与实践结合的方法,更多的是表现自己的无知与自大。社会需要人才,社会需要的是有能力的人才,需要的是拥有动手能力与书本知识良好结合的技术人才。虽然只有短短的一天的实习,但我还是学到了不少东西。比如车间里那种艰苦奋斗的精神,对待工作的一丝不苟的严谨的精神,团结协作的精神,现场发现问题的能力,解决问题的能力等等。马上就要走向各自的岗位了,最后再次感谢公司各位领导对我们的重视和关心,以及各位老师的细心执导。6 毕业设计(论文)任务书课题名称前板连续模设计及冲压工艺分析 院: 机械工程学院 专业: 机械设计制造及其自动化 班级: 姓名: 学号: 起迄日期: 设计(论文)地点: 指导教师: 辅导教师: 发任务书日期: 年 3 月 8 日4、主要参考文献: 【1】 王嘉.冷冲模设计与制造实例 北京:机械工业出版社,2009.【2】 柯旭贵.冲压工艺与模具设计 北京:机械工业出版社,2012.【3】 王新华.简明冲模设计手册 北京:机械工业出版社,2008.【4】 王芳.冷冲压模具设计指导 北京:机械工业出版社,1999.【5】 濮良贵.机械设计(第八版) 北京:高等教育出版社,2006.【6】 周宏甫.机械制造技术基础 北京:高等教育出版社,2010.【7】 叶邦彦.机械工程英语 北京:机械工业出版社,2005.【8】 Arley.朗文英汉双解词典 外语教学与研究出版社,2002【9】 王伯平.互换性与测量技术基础 北京:机械工业出版社,2008【10】 朱辉. 画法几何及工程制图 北京:机械工业出版社,20075、本毕业设计(论文)课题工作进度计划:起 讫 日 期工 作 内 容2013.3.11-2013.3.22 2013.3.23-2013.4.06 2013.4.07-2013.4.19 2013.4.20-2013.5.10 2013.5.11-2013.5.25 2013.5.26-2013.6.08 2013.6.09-2013.6.15 2013.6.16-2013.6.21 熟悉整理资料(12天) 方案选择及总体设计计算(15天) 确定计算草图(12天) 完成相关的分析、计算(20天) 完成设计图纸(15天) 完成毕业设计说明书(14天) 准备论文及答辩(7天) 成果修改上交(6天)教研室审查意见:教研室主任签字: 年 月 日系审查意见: 系主任签字: 年 月 日 毕业设计外文资料翻译 院别: 机械工程学院 专业: 机械设计制造及其自动化 班级: 姓名: 学号: 外文出处: Software Department, Polytechnical University of Catalonia, Spain 附 件:1、外文原文;2、外文资料翻译译文。指导教师评语:签字: 年 月 日The Numerical Control Engine Bed TransformsHarvey B.M ackeyFirst numerical control system development summary brief history and tendency In 1946 the first electronic accounting machine was born in the world, this indicated the humanity created has been possible to strengthen and partially to replace the mental labor the tool. It with the humanity these which in the agriculture, the industry society created only is strengthens the physical labor the tool to compare, got up the quantitive leap, entered the information society for the humanity to lay the foundation. After 6 years, in 1952, computer technology applied to the engine bed , the first numerical control engine bed were born in US. From this time on, the traditional engine bed has had the archery target change. Since nearly half century, the numerical control system has experienced two stages and six generation of development. 1.1 Numerical control (NC) stage (1952 - 1970) The early computer operating speed is low, was not big to then science computation and the data processing influence, but could not adapt the engine bed real-time control request. The people can not but use numeral logic circuit “to build” to become an engine bed special purpose computer to take the numerical control system, is called the hardware connection numerical control (HARD-WIRED NC), Jian Chengwei numerical control (NC). Along with the primary device development, this stage has had been through repeatedly three generations, namely 1952 first generation of - electron tube; 1959 second generation of - transistor; 1965 third generation - small scale integration electric circuit. 1.2 Computer numerical control (CNC) stage (in 1970 - present) In 1970, the general minicomputer already appeared and the mass production. Thereupon transplants it takes the numerical control system the core part, from this time on entered the computer numerical control (CNC) the stage (which should have computer in front of the general two characters to abbreviate). In 1971, American INTEL Corporation in the world first time the computer two most cores part - logic units and the controller, used the large scale integrated circuit technology integration on together the chip, called it the microprocessor (MICROPROCESSOR), also might be called the central processing element (to be called CPU). The microprocessor is applied to 1974 in the numerical control system. This is because minicomputer function too strong, controlled an engine bed ability to have wealthily (therefore once uses in controlling the multi- Taiwan engine bed at that time, called it group control), was inferior to used the microprocessor economy to be reasonable. Moreover then small machine reliability was not ideal. The early microprocessor speed and the function although insufficiently are also high, but may solve through the multi-processor structure. Because the microprocessor is the general-purpose calculator core part, therefore still was called the computer numerical control. In 1990, PC machine (personal computer, domestic custom had called microcomputer) the performance has developed to the very high stage, may satisfiedly take the numerical control system core part the request. The numerical control system henceforth entered based on the PC stage. In brief, the computer numerical control stage has also experienced three generations. Namely 1970 fourth generation of - minicomputer; 1974 five dynasties - microprocessor and 1990 sixth generation - (overseas was called PC-BASED) based on PC. Also must point out, although overseas already renamed as the computer numerical control (namely CNC), but our country still the custom called the numerical control (NC). Therefore we daily say “numerical control”, the materially already was refers to “computer numerical control”. 1.3 the numerical control future will develop tendency 1.3.1 open style continues to, to develop based on the PC sixth generation of direction The software and hardware resources has which based on PC are rich and so on the characteristic, the more numerical controls serial production factory can step onto this path. Uses PC machine to take at least its front end machine, processes the man-machine contact surface, the programming, the association, question and so on net correspondence, undertakes the numerical control duty by the original system. PC machine has the friendly man-machine contact surface, will popularize to all numerical controls system. The long-distance communication, the long-distance diagnosis and the service will be more common. 1.3.2 approaches and the high accuracy development This is adapts the engine bed to be high speed and the high accuracy direction need to develop. 1.3.3 develops to the intellectualized direction Along with the artificial intelligence in the computer domain unceasing seepage and the development, the numerical control system intellectualized degree unceasingly will enhance. (1) applies the adaptive control technology The numerical control system can examine in the process some important information, and the automatic control system related parameter, achieves the improvement system running status the goal. (2) introduces the expert system instruction processing The skilled worker and experts experience, the processing general rule and the special rule store in the system, take the craft parameter database as the strut, the establishment has the artificial intelligence the expert system. (3) introduces the breakdown to diagnose the expert system (4) intellectualized numeral servo drive May through the automatic diagnosis load, but the automatic control parameter, causes the actuation system to obtain the best movement.Second, engine bed numerical control transformation necessity 2.1 microscopic looks at the transformation the necessity From on microscopic looked below that, the numerical control engine bed has the prominent superiority compared to the traditional engine bed, moreover these superiority come from the computer might which the numerical control system contains. 2.1.1 may process the traditional engine bed cannot process the curve, the curved surface and so on the complex components.Because the computer has the excellent operation ability, may the instant accurately calculate each coordinate axis instant to be supposed the movement physiological load of exercise, therefore may turn round the synthesis complex curve or the curved surface.2.1.2 may realize the processing automation, moreover is the flexible automation, thus the efficiency may enhance 3 - 7 times compared to the traditional engine bed.Because the computer has the memory and the memory property, may the procedure which inputs remember and save, then the order which stipulated according to the procedure automatic carries out, thus realization automation. The numerical control engine bed so long as replaces a procedure, may realize another work piece processing automation, thus causes the single unit and the small batch of production can automate, therefore is called has realized “flexible automation”. 2.1.3 processings components precision high, size dispersion degree small, makes the assembly to be easy, no longer needs “to make repairs”.2.1.4 may realize the multi- working procedures centralism, reduces the components in engine bed between frequent transporting. 2.1.5 has auto-alarm, the automatic monitoring, automatic compensation and so on the many kinds of autonomy function, thus may realize long time nobody to safeguard the processing. 2.1.6 advantage which derives by above five. For example: Reduced workers labor intensity, saved the labor force (a person to be possible to safeguard the multi- Taiwan engine bed), reduced the work clothes, reduced the new product trial manufacturing cycle and the production cycle, might to the market demand make rapid reaction and so on. Above these superiority are the predecessor cannot imagine, is an extremely significant breakthrough. In addition, the engine bed numerical control carries out FMC (flexible manufacture unit), FMS (flexible manufacture system) as well as CIMS (computer integration manufacture system) and so on the enterprise becoming an information based society transformation foundation. The numerical control technology already became the manufacturing industry automation the core technology and the foundation technology. 2.2 great watches the transformation the necessity From on macroscopic looked that, the industry developed country armed forces, the airplane weapon industry, in the end of the 70s, at the beginning of the 80s started the large-scale application numerical control engine bed. Its essence is, uses the information technology to the traditional industry (including the armed forces, airplane weapon industry) carries on the technological transformations. Except that uses outside the numerical control engine bed, FMC, FMS in the manufacture process, but also includes in the product development carries out CAD, CAE, CAM, the hypothesized manufacture as well as carries out MIS in the production management (management information system), CIMS and so on. As well as increases the information technology in its production product, including artificial intelligence and so on content. Because uses the information technology to the country foreign troops, the airplane weapon industry carries on the thorough transformation (to call it becoming an information based society), finally causes them the product in the international military goods and in the goods for civilian use market the competitive power greatly is the enhancement. But we in the information technology transformation tradition industry aspect compared to the developed country to fall behind approximately for 20 years. Like in our country engine bed capacity, numerical control engine bed proportion (numerical control rate) to 1995 only then 1.9%, but Japan has reached 20.8% in 1994, therefore every year has the massive mechanical and electrical products import. This also on from on macroscopic explained the engine bed numerical control transformation necessity.Third, the numerical control transformation content and superiorly lacks 3.1 Transformation industry starting In US, Japan and Germany and so on the developed country, their engine bed transforms took the new economical growth profession, thrives abundantly, is occupying the golden age. As a result of the engine bed as well as the technical unceasing progress, the engine bed transformation is “the eternal” topic. Our countrys engine bed transformation industry, also enters from the old profession to by the numerical control technology primarily new profession. In US, Japan, Germany, have the broad market with the numerical control technological transformations engine bed and the production line, has formed the engine bed and the production line numerical control transformation new profession. In US, the engine bed transformation industry is called the engine bed regeneration (Remanufacturing) industry. Is engaged in the regeneration industry famous company to include: The Bertsche engineering firm, the ayton engine bed company, Devlieg-Bullavd (are valuable) serves the group, the US equipment company and so on. The American valuable company has set up the company in China. In Japan, the engine bed transformation industry is called the engine bed to reequip (Retrofitting) industry. Is engaged in the reequipment industry famous company to include: Big indentation project group, hillock three mechanical companies, thousand substitute fields labor machine company, wild engineering firm, shore field engineering firm, mountain this engineering firm and so on.3.2 Numerical control transformation content The engine bed and the production line numerical control transformation main content has following several points: First is extensively recovers the function, to the engine bed, the production line has the breakdown partially to carry on the diagnosis and the restoration; Second is NC, the addend reveals the installment on the ordinary engine bed, or adds the numerical control system, transforms the NC engine bed, the CNC engine bed; Third is renovates, for increases the precision, the efficiency and the automaticity, to the machinery, the electricity partially carries on renovates, reassembles the processing to the machine part, extensively recovers the precision; Does not satisfy the production request to it the CNC system to carry on the renewal by newest CNC; Fourth is the technology renews or the technical innovation, for enhances the performance or the scale, or in order to use the new craft, the new technology, carries on the big scale in the original foundation the technology to renew or the technical innovation, the great scope raises the level and the scale renewal transformation. 3.3 The numerical control transformation superiorly lacks 3.3.1 reduced investment costs, the date of delivery are shortWith purchases the new engine bed to compare, may save 60% - 80% expense generally, the transformation expense is low. Large-scale, the special engine bed especially is specially obvious. The common large-scale engine bed transforms, only spends the new engine bed purchase expense 1/3, the date of delivery is short. But some peculiar circumstances, like the high speed main axle, the tray automatic switching unit manufacture and the installment too requires a lot of work, costs a great deal of money, often transforms the cost to enhance 2 - 3 times, with purchases the new engine bed to compare, only can economical invest about 50%. 3.3.2 machine capability stable are reliable, the structure is limited Uses foundation and so on lathe bed, column all is heavy but the firm casting component, but is not that kind of welding component, after the transformation engine bed performance high, the quality is good, may take the new equipment continues to use many years. But receives the original mechanism the limit, not suitably makes the unprecedented transformation. 3.3.3 familiar understood the equipment, is advantageous for the operation service When purchases the new equipment, did not understand whether the new equipment can satisfy its processing request. The transformation then otherwise, may precisely calculate the engine bed the processing ability; Moreover, because many years use, the operator already understood to the engine bed characteristic, uses and services the aspect to train the time in the operation short, effective is quick. The transformation engine bed as soon as installs, may realize the capacity load revolution. 3.3.4 may fully use the existing condition May fully use the existing ground, does not need to like buys when the new equipment such to have reto construct the ground. 3.3.5 may use the newest control technology enhances the production equipment the automated level and the efficiency, improves the equipment quality and the scale, alters to the old engine bed now the horizontal engine bed.Fourth, numerical control system choice When the numerical control system mainly has three kind of types, the transformation, should act according to the special details to carry on the choice. 4.1 Step-by-steps the open system which the electrical machinery drives This system servo drive mainly is step-by-steps the electrical machinery, the power step-by-steps the electrical machinery, the battery solution pulse motor and so on. Entering sends out which by the numerical control system for instruction pulse, after the actuation electric circuit control and the power enlargement, causes to step-by-step the electrical machinery rotation, through gear vice- and ball bearing guide screw vice- actuation executive component. So long as the control command pulse quantity, the frequency as well as the circular telegram order, then may control the executive component movement the displacement quantity, the speed and the heading. This kind of system does not need the physical location and the velocity feedback which obtains to the input end, therefore called it the open system, this system displacement precision mainly decided in step-by-steps the electrical machinery angular displacement precision, transmission part and so on gear guide screw pitches the precision, therefore the system displacement precision is low. This system structure simple, debugging service convenient, work reliable, cost low, is easy to reequip successfully. 4.2 The asynchronous motor or the direct current machine drive, diffraction grating survey feedback closed loop numerical control system This system and the open system difference is: Physical location feedback signal which by position detector set and so on the diffraction grating, induction synchromesh obtains, carries on the comparison as necessary with the given value, two interpolations enlargements and the transformation, the actuation implementing agency, by the speed which assigns turns towards the elimination deviation the direction movement, until assigns the position and the feedback physical location interpolation is equal to the zero. The closed loop enters for the system.Enters for the system complex in the structure compared to the split-ring, the cost is also high, requests strictly to the environment room temperature. The design and the debugging is all more difficult than the open system. But may obtain compared to the split-ring enters for a system higher precision, quicker speed, actuation power bigger characteristic target. May act according to the product specification, decided whether uses this kind of system. 4.3 The direct current servo electrical machinery drives, encoder feedback semi-closure link numerical control system Half closed-loop system examination part installs in among passes in the moving parts, indirectly surveys the executive component the position. It only can compensate a system ring circuit interior part of part the error, therefore, its precision compared to closed-loop system precision low, but its structure and the debugging all compares the closed-loop system to be simple. In makes the angular displacement examination part and the speed examination part and the servo electrical machinery time a whole then does not need to consider the position detector set installs the question. The current production numerical control system company factory quite are many, overseas famous company like German SIEMENS Corporation, Japanese FANUC Corporation; Native corporation like China Mount Everest Corporation, Beijing astronautics engine bed numerical control system group company, Central China numerical control company and Shenyang upscale numerical control country engineering research center. When choice numerical control system mainly is each kind of precision which the engine bed must achieve after the numerical control transformation, actuates the electrical machinery the power and users request.Fifth , in the numerical control transformation the main mechanical part reequips the discussion A new numerical control engine bed, must achieve in the design that, Has the high static dynamic rigidity; Movement vice- between friction coefficient small, the transmission is ceaseless; The power is big; Is advantageous for the operation and the service. When engine bed numerical control transformation should meet the above requirements as far as possible. Cannot think the numerical control installment and the ordinary engine bed connects in has met the numerical control engine bed requirements together, but also should carry on the corresponding transformation to the major component to enable it to achieve the certain design request, can obtain the anticipated transformation goal. 5.1 Skids guide rail Said to the numerical control lathe that, the guide rail besides should have the conventional lathe guidance precision and the technology capability, but also must have good bears the friction, the attrition characteristic, and the reduction but sends the dead area because of the friction drag. At the same time must have the enough rigidity, by reduces the guide rail to distort to processes the precision the influence, must have the reasonable guide rail protection and the lubrication. 5.2 Gear The common engine bed gear mainly concentrates in the headstock and the gear box. In order to guarantee the transmission precision, on the numerical control engine bed uses the gear precision class is all higher than the ordinary engine bed. Must be able to achieve the ceaseless transmission in the structure, thus transforms time, the engine bed main gear must satisfy the numerical control engine bed the request, by guarantees the engine bed processing precision. 5.3 Skids the guide screw and the ball bearing guide screw The guide screw transmission relates directly to the transmission chain precision. The guide screw selects mainly is decided requests and drives the torque request in the job precision. Is not used by job precision request Gao Shike skids the guide screw, but should inspect the original guide screw attrition situation, like the pitch error and the pitch accumulative error as well as matches the nut gap. The ordinary circumstances skid the guide screw to be supposed not to be lower than 6 levels, the nut gap oversized then replaces the nut. Uses skids the guide screw relative ball bearing guide screw price to be low, but satisfies the precision high components processing with difficulty. The ball bearing guide screw rubs loses slightly, the efficiency is high, its transmission efficiency may above 90%; Precision high, the life is long; When start moment of force and movement the moment of force approaches, may reduce the electrical machinery to start the moment of force. Therefore may satisfiedly compare the high accuracy components processing request.5.4 Safe protection The effect must take the security as a premise. Transforms in the engine bed must take the corresponding measure according to the actual situation, cuts noticeable. The ball bearing guide screw vice- is the precision part, when the work must take strict precautions against the dust is specially the scrap and the hard sand grains enters the roller conveyer. On longitudinal guide screw also coca overall sheet iron safety mask. The big carriage with skids two end surfaces which the guide rail contacts to have to seal, prevented absolutely the flinty granulated foreign matter enters the sliding surface damage guide rail.Sixth,veral examples 1st, transforms the X53 milling machine with SIEMENS 810M In 1998, the company invested 200,000 Yuan, with German Simens the 810M numerical control system, the 611A exchange servo drive system sds was the X53 milling machine carries on X, Y, the Z three axle numerical control transformation to a companys model; Retained the original main axle system and the cooling system; The transformation three axle has used the roller lead screw and the gear drive organization on the machinery. The entire transformation work including the machine design, the electrical design, the PLC procedure establishment and the debugging, the engine bed overhaul, finally is the entire machine installment and the debugging. After the milling machine transforms, processing effective stroke X/Y/The Z axis respectively is 88.0/270/28 billion mm; Maximum speed X/Y/The Z axis respectively is 5000/1500/800 mm/Min; Manual speed X/Y/The Z axis respectively is 3000/1000/500 mm/Min; The engine bed processing precision achieves 0.001mm. The engine bed three coordinates linkage may complete each kind of complex curve or the curved surface processing.2nd, transforms the C6140 lathe with GSK980T and the exchange servo drive system sds In 2000, with Guangzhou numerical control plant production GSK980T numerical control system, the DA98 exchange servo unit and 4 locations automatic tool rests to an electrical machinery branch factory C6140 lathe X, the Z two axes carries on the numerical control transformation; Retained the original main axle system and the cooling system; The transformation two axes have used the roller lead screw and with the ambulacrum transmission system on the machinery. Entire transformation work including machine design, electrical design, engine bed overhaul and entire machine installment and debugging. After the lathe transforms, processing effective stroke X/The Z axis respectively is 3.90/73 million mm; Maximum speed X/The Z axis respectively is 120.0/3 million mm/Min; The manual speed is 400mm/Min; Manual is fast is X/The Z axis respectively is 120.0/3 million mm/Min; The engine bed smallest migration unit is 0.001mm.3rd, transforms the X53 milling machine with SIEMENS 802S In 2000, the company invests 120,000 Yuan, with German Simens the 802S numerical control system, step-by-steps the actuation system is the X53 milling machine carries on X, Y, the Z three axle numerical control transformation to companys another model; Retained the original main axle system and the cooling system; The transformation three axle has used the roller lead screw and the gear drive organization on the machinery. The entire transformation work including the machine design, the electrical design, the engine bed overhaul, finally is the entire machine installment and the debugging. After the milling machine transforms, processing effective stroke X/Y/The Z axis respectively is 63.0/240/28 billion mm; Maximum speed X/Y/The Z axis respectively is 3000/1000/600 mm/Min; Manual enters for speed X/Y/The Z axis respectively is 200.0/800/5 billion mm/Min; The smallest motion unit is 0.001mm.7数控机床改造1 数控系统发展简史及趋势 1946年诞生了世界上第一台电子计算机,这表明人类创造了可增强和部分代替脑力劳动的工具。它与人类在农业、工业社会中创造的那些只是增强体力劳动的工具相比,起了质的飞跃,为人类进入信息社会奠定了基础。6年后,即在1952年,计算机技术应用到了机床上,在美国诞生了第一台数控机床。从此,传统机床产生了质的变化。近半个世纪以来,数控系统经历了两个阶段和六代的发展。 1.1 数控(NC)阶段(1952-1970年) 早期计算机的运算速度低,对当时的科学计算和数据处理影响还不大,但不能适应机床实时控制的要求。人们不得不采用数字逻辑电路“搭”成一台机床专用计算机作为数控系统,被称为硬件连接数控(HARD-WIRED NC),简称为数控(NC)。随着元器件的发展,这个阶段历经了三代,即1952年的第一代-电子管;1959年的第二代-晶体管;1965年的第三代-小规模集成电路。 1.2 计算机数控(CNC)阶段(1970年-现在) 到1970年,通用小型计算机业已出现并成批生产。于是将它移植过来作为数控系统的核心部件,从此进入了计算机数控(CNC)阶段(把计算机前面应有的通用两个字省略了)。到1971年,美国INTEL公司在世界上第一次将计算机的两个最核心的部件-运算器和控制器,采用大规模集成电路技术集成在一块芯片上,称之为微处理器(MICROPROCESSOR),又可称为中央处理单元(简称CPU)。 到1974年微处理器被应用于数控系统。这是因为小型计算机功能太强,控制一台机床能力有富裕(故当时曾用于控制多台机床,称之为群控),不如采用微处理器经济合理。而且当时的小型机可靠性也不理想。早期的微处理器速度和功能虽还不够高,但可以通过多处理器结构来解决。由于微处理器是通用计算机的核心部件,故仍称为计算机数控。 到了1990年,PC机的性能已发展到很高的阶段,可以满足作为数控系统核心部件的要求。数控系统从此进入了基于PC的阶段。 总之,计算机数控阶段也经历了三代。即1970年的第四代-小型计算机;1974年的第五代-微处理器和1990年的第六代-基于PC(也就是为PC-BASED)。 1.3 数控未来发展的趋势 1.3.1继续向开放式、基于PC的第六代方向发展 基于PC所具有的开放性、低成本、高可靠性、软硬件资源丰富等特点,更多的数控系统生产厂家会走上这条道路。至少采用PC机作为它的前端机,来处理人机界面、编程、联网通信等问题,由原有的系统承担数控的任务。PC机所具有的友好的人机界面,将普及到所有的数控系统。远程通讯,远程诊断和维修将更加普遍。 1.3.2向高速化和高精度化发展 这是适应机床向高速和高精度方向发展的需要。 1.3.3向智能化方向发展 随着人工智能在计算机领域的不断渗透和发展,数控系统的智能化程度将不断提高。 (1)应用自适应控制技术 数控系统能检测过程中一些重要信息,并自动调整系统的有关参数,达到改进系统运行状态的目的。 (2)引入专家系统指导加工 将熟练工人和专家的经验,加工的一般规律和特殊规律存入系统中,以工艺参数数据库为支撑,建立具有人工智能的专家系统。 (3)引入故障诊断专家系统 (4)智能化数字伺服驱动装置 可以通过自动识别负载,而自动调整参数,使驱动系统获得最佳的运行。 2 机床数控化改造的必要性 2.1 微观看改造的必要性 从微观上看,数控机床比传统机床有以下突出的优越性,而且这些优越性均来自数控系统所包含的计算机的威力。 2.1.1 可以加工出传统机床加工不出来的曲线、曲面等复杂的零件。 由于计算机有高超的运算能力,可以瞬时准确地计算出每个坐标轴瞬时应该运动的运动量,因此可以复合成复杂的曲线或曲面。 2.1.2 可以实现加工的自动化,而且是柔性自动化,从而效率可比传统机床提高37倍。 由于计算机有记忆和存储能力,可以将输入的程序记住
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