被动语态讲解采用版资料

1、被动语态（被动语态（The Passive Voice) 一、运用被动语态的情景一、运用被动语态的情景(Situations) 二、被动语态的结构二、被动语态的结构(jigu)与时态与时态 (Structure and Tense) 三、被动语态举例三、被动语态举例(Examples) 四、主动变被动的方法四、主动变被动的方法(Method) （单宾、双宾、复合宾语、宾语从句）（单宾、双宾、复合宾语、宾语从句） 五、没有被动语态的动词和词组五、没有被动语态的动词和词组 (Verbs and Phrases) 六、六、Exercises第一页，共23页。Tombrokethewindow.（主动

2、(zhdng)语态）ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.（被动语态）英语的谓语动词英语的谓语动词(dngc)有两种语态有两种语态主动(zhdng)语态被动语态（前者表示句子的前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者主语为动作的发出者， 后者表示句子的后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者主语为动作的承受者。）。）从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中变成了短语byTom，主动句中的宾语thewindow变成了被动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语，因此，。第二页，共23页。1.被动语态结构被动语态结构(jigu)：be + 过去分词过去分词(PP) + (by )2.主动

3、变被动应注意的情况：主动变被动应注意的情况：1.把原来的宾语把原来的宾语(bny)提到前面作被动语态的主语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成把动词变成“be + 过去分词过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语的宾语(bny)。第三页，共23页。The boy broke the glass.The glass was broken by the boy.3.3.如何如何(rh)(rh)从主动语态变为被从主动语态变为被动语态？动语态？1.1.主语主语 介词介词by by 宾语宾语(bny)(bny)2.2.谓语谓语 be+pp be+pp3.3.宾语宾语

4、(bny) (bny) 主语主语第四页，共23页。时时 态态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态1 一般现在时一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词过去分词2 一般过去时一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词过去分词3 一般将来时一般将来时shall/will+动词原形动词原形shall/will+be+过去分词过去分词4 过去将来时过去将来时would+动词原形动词原形would+be+过去分词过去分词5 现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+v-ingam/is/are+being+过去分过去分词词6 过去进行时过去进行时was/were+v-ingwas/were+bei

5、ng+过去分过去分词词7 现在完成时现在完成时have/has+过去分词过去分词have/has+been+过去分词过去分词8 过去完成时过去完成时had+过去分词过去分词had+been+过去分词过去分词9 含情态动词含情态动词情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词第五页，共23页。10、动名词、动名词doingbeing done 11、不定式、不定式to doto be done注：注：1. 被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由第一个被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由第一个be动词动词 助动词或情助动词或情态动词构成。态动词构成。2. 人称和时态的变化体现在人称和时

6、态的变化体现在be动词上，而过去分词在任何动词上，而过去分词在任何(rnh)时态中都不改变。时态中都不改变。第六页，共23页。5.被动语态举例被动语态举例(j l)TheGreatWallwas builtmorethan2000yearsold.Anewbridgeis being builtacrosstheChangjiangRiver.Theprojectwill(isgoingto)be finishednextmonth.Manytreeshave been plantedaroundthelake.Oldpeopleshould be takencareof/lookedafte

7、r.Bookscant be takenoutofthelibrary.7.Nobodylikesbeinglaughedat.8.Nobodylikestobelaughedat.第七页，共23页。6.被动语态应注意被动语态应注意(zh y)的问题的问题1.可接双宾语的动词带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般(ybn)把“人”提前做主语；将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加to或for.Eg:Igavehimabookyesterday.-Hewasgivenabook(byme)yesterday.-Abookwasgiventohim(byme)yesterday.第八页，共23页。2.带t

8、o不定式作宾语补足(bz)语的复合宾语ask/tell/allow/encourage/promisesb. ask/tell/allow/encourage/promisesb. to do sth.to do sth.结构结构(jigu)(jigu)：People should allow teenagers to People should allow teenagers to choose their own clothes.choose their own clothes. Teenagers Teenagers to choose their own clothes.to choo

9、se their own clothes.They encourage us to plant more trees.They encourage us to plant more trees.We to plant We to plant more trees. more trees. should be allowedare encouraged第九页，共23页。3、接动词、接动词(dngc)原形做宾补的动词原形做宾补的动词(dngc)变被动语态变被动语态使役动词使役动词(let, have, make(let, have, make等等) )或感官动词或感官动词(see, hear, (

10、see, hear, watch,watch,等等) )在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式省略在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式省略toto，改为被动语态时一定要补上改为被动语态时一定要补上toto。( (记忆口诀：记忆口诀：“使感动使感动(gndng)(gndng)词词”真奇怪，真奇怪，toto在句中像在句中像妖怪，主动语态妖怪，主动语态toto走开，被动语态走开，被动语态toto回来。回来。”)”) I heard him sing in the next room.I heard him sing in the next room. -He sing in the next -He sing i

11、n the next room. room. They made us do all kinds of work. They made us do all kinds of work. -We do all kinds of -We do all kinds of work.work. .注：当使用注：当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sthsee/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动时，变为被动语态时，语态时，doingdoing不变。如：不变。如：I saw him going into the shop.(I saw him going into

12、 the shop.(主动主动) )He was seen going into the shop.(He was seen going into the shop.(被动被动) ) was heard towere made to第十页，共23页。4、宾语(bny)从句汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等常见的宾语从句句型。Itssaid/reported/believed/that据说/报道/认为Itssuggestedthat有人建议Itswellknownthat众所周知Itshopedthat人们(rnmen)希望。eg:Itwasreportedthatitrai

13、nedheavilyinthesouthofChina.据报道第十一页，共23页。5、没有被动语态的动词、没有被动语态的动词(dngc)和和词组词组1.不及物动词如happenappearbelongto;takeplace;breakout等无被动语态Atrafficaccident_(happen)justnow.2.连系(linx)动词无被动语态，如feelsmelllooksoundtaste等。PekingOpera_(sound)beautiful3.表状态的动词无被动语态，如haveownfit.Ihaveabike.第十二页，共23页。4.wash,write,sell,wea

14、r此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候(shhou)，不用被动语态,常用副词well,easily修饰。Thebooksellswell.(这本书销路很好)Thisdresswasheseasily.(这衣服较好洗)Thepenwritessmoothly.（这支钢笔写起来很流畅）第十三页，共23页。5.need,demand,want(需要）,require,beworth等后用动名词表被动。Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thenovelisworthseeing.注意(zhy)：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。：Thedeskneedsrepairing.T

15、hedeskneedstoberepaired.第十四页，共23页。【2013江苏常州】江苏常州】This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, _ well. A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold【解析】某些可以和【解析】某些可以和well, easily, smoothly等副等副词连用的不及物动词如词连用的不及物动词如read, write, wash, clean, draw, cook, sell, lock, open等等, 且主语是非生命且主语是非生命的名词或代词的名词或代词, 用主

16、动结构表被动含义。本句用主动结构表被动含义。本句的主语为的主语为This listening material为第三人称单为第三人称单数数; sell well意为意为“畅销畅销”。句意为。句意为“这个听力材这个听力材料料(cilio)以及它的光盘很畅销。以及它的光盘很畅销。”故选故选A。第十五页，共23页。【2013河南】河南】 Excuse me. Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself. Sorry. The book you ask for_ out. A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will

17、be sold【解析】主语【解析】主语the book和动词和动词(dngc)sell构成构成被动关系，又时态为一般现在时，因此用一般被动关系，又时态为一般现在时，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。答语句意现在时的被动语态。答语句意“对不起，你要对不起，你要的书已售完的书已售完”。故选。故选B。第十六页，共23页。【2013广西南宁】广西南宁】 Han Hans books are popular. They _ by many teenagers. A. is read B. was read C. are read D. were read【解析】由上句可知【解析】由上句可知(k zh)韩寒的书

18、很受欢迎，韩寒的书很受欢迎，用一般现在时；主语用一般现在时；主语they是复数形式，故答案选是复数形式，故答案选C项。项。第十七页，共23页。【2013湖北宜昌】湖北宜昌】 At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups. More chances _ to students to learn from each other. A. offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering 【解析】句子大意为【解析】句子大意为“小组学习为学生提供了小组学习为学生提供了更

19、多相互学习的机会更多相互学习的机会”。“机会机会”和和“提供提供”之间之间存在被动关系存在被动关系(gun x)，须用被动语态。四个，须用被动语态。四个选项中，只有选项中，只有are offered为被动语态。故选为被动语态。故选B。第十八页，共23页。【2013湖北襄阳】湖北襄阳】 Didnt you see the sign “No Parking!” on the right? Sorry, I didnt. But now I know parking _ here. A. wasnt allowed B. isnt allowed C. wont allow D. doesnt al

20、low【解析】由上句中的【解析】由上句中的“No Parking!”可知，停车可知，停车不被允许，根据时间不被允许，根据时间(shjin)状语状语now可知，考可知，考察一般现在时态的被动语态，故选察一般现在时态的被动语态，故选B。第十九页，共23页。【2013广东梅州】广东梅州】The child without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this special school. A. is taken B. are taken C. take D. takes 【解析】主语【解析】主语the child与动词短语与动词短语take

21、care of之间之间是被动关系，故用一般是被动关系，故用一般(ybn)现在时的被动语态。现在时的被动语态。故选故选A。第二十页，共23页。【2013浙江宁波】浙江宁波】 Have you finished your project? Not yet. Ill finish it if I _ ten more minutes. A. give B. am given C. will give D. will be given【解析】句意【解析】句意“如果再给我十分钟我会完成如果再给我十分钟我会完成(wn chng)它它”，主语与动词，主语与动词give之间是被动之间是被动关系，在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将关系，在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。故选来。故选B。第二十一页，共23页。【2013湖北黄石】湖北黄石】This pair of shoes _ hand, and it _ very comfortable. A. is made with; is felt B. are made from; is felt C. are made of; feels D. is m