2018-2019学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高二上学期英语期中考试

1、2018-2019 学年上海省上海市浦东新区建平中学II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A ( 10% ) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other bl

2、anks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sleep training is faster if waking babies comfortedComforting an infant under 3 months of age who wakes at night can help speed its path to a more restful existence. Beyond the 3-month mark, though, interventions by parents may have little impact on a ba

3、by s sleeping habits at night. (21)takes time for babies to learn to sleepthrough the night. (22)(understand) the role of parents in the Sleep training is faster ifwaking babies comforted process, Sabrina Voltaire at Pennsylvania State University and her colleagues spent nine months (23)(follow) 107

4、 families living in the US who hadnewborns. Each family (24)(keep) track of the baby s waking frequency every nightfor one week before the child was 3 months, 6 months and 9 months old. Also, cameras (25)(install) in families bedrooms for one night during the reporting weeks to observeparents interv

5、entions when their babies woke up. Voltaire found that the babies (26)parents responded promptly to their night wakings before they turned 3 months oldexperienced a faster decline in their tendency to wake at night. But after the first three months, babies showed a similar pace of sleep development

6、(27)parents intervened or not whenthey woke. The findings contradict the popular“ cry it out ” approach: letting babies cry until theyfall back to sleep. Many parenting books recommend this method because there is an assumption (28)prompt intervention when a baby cries at night might encourage infan

7、ts to keepwaking up. “ Almost all experts agree that it is not appropriate for sleep training, including out , (29)(use) for babies less than 3 months of age,” says Jodi Mindell at the ChildrHospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.“ Parents need to be aware of the appropriateness of theirresponses (3

8、0) their babies by taking into account a baby asg e as well as theirdevelopmentally based skills,” she says.【答案】21. It; 22. To understand; 23. following; 24. kept; 25. were installed; 26. whose; 27. whether; 28. that; 29. to be used; 30. to【重难点词汇和短语解析】1. intervention n.干预，介入2. promptly adv.立即地，迅速地3.

9、 contradict v.反驳，驳斥，相矛盾4. appropriateness n.适当，适合【试题解析】21 .考查代词。It takes sometime for sb to do sth. 固定用法。22 .考查不定式。根据句子意思，Sabrina Voltaire at Pennsylvania State University and hercolleagues花了9个月的时间关注107个有新生儿的美国家庭，所以接下来可理解到是为了理解父母在。 。中的作用，所以填To understand，表目的。23 .考查动名词。Spend time doing sth.24 .考查谓语动词

10、。从句子前后的时态来看，应该为一般过去，所以填kept。25 .考查谓语动词。主语cameras 和动词是被动的关系，表示摄像头被安装在。 。26 .考查定语从句。首先，句子主干部分已经有了，那么接下来要分析出the babies和 parents之间的关系，这样的话就不难判断出所属关系，所以填whose。27 .考查宾语从句。根据后面的or not可以判断出whether。28 .考查同位语从句。prompt intervention when a baby cries at night might encourage infants tokeep waking up. 句子结构为promp

11、t intervention might encourage infants to keep waking up. 解释前面的assumption，所以填that.29 .考查不定式。it is not appropriate for sleep training to do sth., 再结合主谓关系，应该构成被动关系，所以填to be used 。30 .考查介词。根据前面的responses可以填出to.Section B （ 10%）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each w

12、ord can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. breaks B. unlocks C. original D. alternative E. attachedF. swapped G. similarly H. simply I. resulting J. crucial K. unrelatedArtificial genes show life does not need DNALife need not be based on DNA. So say researchers who

13、 have created two new versions of the iconic molecule（分子）, which retain its double helix （双螺旋）shape but are thinner than the31_.“ This is changing the rules of the game that every schoolchild learns,” says S Benner of the Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution in Florida. It implies that life mi

14、ght be based on _32_ genetic molecules. DNA carries our genes, which tell our bodies how to grow and are passed from parent to child. DNA is made up of two long chainlike molecules twisted around each other. The two chains are _33_by means of pairs of bases, one base on each chain. The order of the

15、bases is what _34_the information in our genes. Benner and his colleagues made several alternative DNAs in which they _35_ some of the standard bases for various combinations of eight similar molecules. Doing so made some of the _36_ DNA-like molecules physically “ skinnier th”an standard DNA, while

16、 others were “ fatter N” ev.e rtheless, they all performed DNA s _37_ function. However, the new DNA _38_ what was thought to be a primary rule, which these previous modifications obeyed. In normal DNA, when two bases pair up, one is large and the other small. But in the skinny DNA, small pairs with

17、 small. And _39_, in the fat DNA, large pairs with large. Both work. There s no reason you had to develop a systemwhere you have the pairing of the small with the large bases. It seems there are many ways to builda gene. “ It clearly raises the question of why we ended up with DNA,” says Holliger. H

18、e suspecis simply an accident of chemistry: In 2008, researchers made a double helix out of _40_ chemicals, and its bases still paired up. Combined, the findings mean the search for alien life needs to look for more than just DNA.【答案】31-35 CDEBF 36-40 IJAGKIII. Reading ComprehensionSection A ( 15%)D

19、irections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Never in recorded history has a language been as widely spoken as English is today .The reason why millions are learning it i

20、s simple: it is the language of international business and, _41 _, the key to prosperity.David Graddol, the author of English Next, says it is _ 42 _ to view the story of English simply as success for its native speakers in North America, Britain and Ireland, and Australasia-but that would be a mist

21、ake. Global English has entered a more complex stage, changing in ways that the English-speaking countries cannot control and might not_ 43_.An important question one might ask is: whose English will it be in the future? Non-native speakers now_ 44_ native English speakers by three to one. The major

22、ity of encounters in English today take place between non-native speakers. According to David Graddol, many business meetings held in English appear to run more smoothly when no native English speakers are_ 45_ _. This is because native speakers are often poor at ensuring that they are understood in

23、 international discussions. They tend to think they need to avoid longer Latin-based words, but in fact_46_ problems are more often caused by their use of idioms, metaphors, phrasal verbs, etc.Professor Barbara Seidlhofer, Professor of English and Applied Linguistic at the University of Vienna, reco

24、rds and transcribes spoken English interactions between speakers of the language around the world. She says her team has noticed that non-native speakers are_ 47 _ standard English grammar in several ways. Even the most experienced speakers sometimes omit the“the third person singular. Many omit def

25、inite and indefinite articles where they are_48 _ in standard English, or put them in where standard English does not use them. Nouns that are not plural in native-speaker English are used as plurals by non-native speakers (e.g, “ informations, ” “ knowledges, ” “ advices ” ). Other variations inclu

26、de“ make a discussion, ” “ discuss abouor “ phone to somebody. ” Many native English speakers will insist these are just_49_.“ Knowledges ” and “ phone to somebody ” are simply wrong. Many non-native speakers who teach English around the world would_50_. But language changes, and so do concepts of g

27、rammatical_ 51 _.Those who insist on standard English grammar remain in a(n) _52_ position. Academics who want their work published in international journals have to obey the grammatical rules followed by native English-speaking elites( 精英 ).But spoken English is another matter. Why should non-nativ

28、e speakers bother with what native speakers regard as correct? Their main aim, _53_, is to be understood by one another, and in most cases there is no native speaker present.Professor Seidlhofer says, “ It hink that what we are looking at is the_54_ of a new international attitude , the recognition

29、and awareness that in many international contexts non-nativespeakers do not need to speak like native speakers, to compare themselves to them, and thus always feel _ 55_ . ”41. A. howeverB. thereforeC. otherwiseD. besides42. A. relievingB. shockingC. temptingD. disappointing43. A. acceptB. opposeC.

30、mindD. doubt44. A. outnumberB. overlookC. upgradeD. underestimate45. A. attentiveB. agreeableC. energeticD. present46. A. diagnosisB. comprehensionC. disturbanceD. concentration47. A. creatingB. improvingC. varyingD. obeying48. A. editedB. neglectedC. avoidedD. required49. A. mistakesB. coincidences

31、C. exceptionsD. excuses50. A. fearB. objectC. agreeD. fight51. A. ignoranceB. evolutionC. correctnessD. guidance52. A. honouredB. mysteriousC. fallingD. powerful53. A. by comparisonB. after allC. on purposeD.in reality54. A. disappearanceB. emergenceC. criticismD. evaluation55. A. less goodB. less l

32、onelyC. more aliveD. more adapted41-45 BCAAD46-50 BCDAC51-55 CDBBA【重难点词汇和短语解析】1. context（ n.）环境，上下文，来龙去脉2. overlook（ vt.n.）忽略，俯瞰，远眺，检查，高耸于.之上3. attentive （adj.） 留意的，注意的4. coincidence（ n.）巧合，一致，同时发生5. tempting（adj.v.） 吸引人的，诱惑人的，引诱【语篇整体分析】这是一篇关于英语在语言学的角度方面来说所发生的一些较大的变化的文章。【试题解析】41. B 由 The reason why

33、millions are learning it is simple: it is the language of international business and.可知是表示因果关系的副词，因此填therefore。42. C 由下文 but that would be a mistake可知前句表达的意思为“人们很容易将英语的故事简单地视为母语人士的成功”，故填 tempting。43. A 从上下文且和mistake 及 cannot control 可知，填accept。44. A outnumber 指的是数量超过.，由 The majority of encounters in

34、 English today take placebetween non-native speakers 可知大部分说英语的人现在是非英语母语者。45. D 根据上下文，和下文in international discussions.可知应该填写present，表示在场的，和53 空 and in most cases there is no native speaker present。46. B 由上文 This is because native speakers are often poor at ensuring that they are understood in interna

35、tional discussions 可知是造成理解问题。47. C vary 意思为改变且由下文省略动词第三人称单数和冠词用法的变化可知填写vary。48. D 由上下文可知这应当是被英语母语者所要求的，故题required。49. A 由下文的Knowledges ” and “ phone to somebody” are simply wrong 可知应该填写错误mistakes。 ”50. C 由上下文可知非英语母语者应该是agree同意这一语法错误现象的。51. C 由下文及该句时代在改变，所以语法的准确性也在改变，对应上文的wrong 及 mistakes”。52. D 由下文

36、have to obey the grammatical rules followed by native English-speaking elites( 精英 ) 可知标准英语语法在英语母语者看来，其还是处于强大有力的地位。53. B 由下文“ and in most cases there is no native speaker presen” t 可知是让步关系填after all毕竟。54. B 由上下文可知这是一种新的国际态度的出现，用emergence。55. A 由上下文非英语母语者肯定是英语没有母语者好，所以用less good。Section B ( 12% )Direc

37、tions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Shakespear Gslo be Exh

38、ibition & Tour is a unique international resource to explore Shakespeare s work. Open all year round, it gives you an opportunity to learn more about the most famous playwright, Shakespeare, and helps you seek to further the experience and international understanding of him.Group Visits to the E

39、xhibition & Tour Opening HoursTheatre Tours： Monday to Sunday 9:30 a.m.-5:00 p.m.Exhibition:Monday to Sunday 9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.Groups of 15 people or more are required to pre-book their visit, and each group will have its own tour guide. To make a reservation, please fill in a Group Request For

40、m and return it to us via email.Exhibition and Tour PricesAdult:15.00Senior (60+):13.50Student (with valid ID):11.50Children (5-15):8.00Complimentary: every 16 th person freeGetting hereShakespeare s Globe 21 New Globe Walk, London SE1 9DT, UKWe currently have enhanced security, with all bags being

41、checked. Please arrive in good time, do not bring any large bags.By car and taxiWhere possible, visitors are advised to arrive by public transport or by taxi.There is a car park on Thames Exchange on the north side of Southwark Bridge.Black cabs may be found all year round on Southwark Bridge. It ma

42、y also be possible to pick one up from outside the main foyer ( 大厅 ) on New Globe Walk.Where to eatSwan at Shakespeare s Globe serves modern British seasonal food for dinner, afternoon tea or drinks in our beautiful bar and restaurant set over two floors.Swan RestaurantMonday-Friday:12noon-2:30pm&am

43、p;6:00pm-10:30pmSaturday:12noon-3:30pm&6:00pm-10:30pmSunday:12noon-9:00pm*Last admission is 30 minutes prior to closing time.56. When can you pay a visit to the exhibition?A. 8:35 a.m. on Monday.B. 2:35p.m. on Friday.C. 5:35 p.m. on Saturday.D. 4:35 p.m. on Sunday.57. The word complimentary is c

44、losest in meaning to“ ”.A. expressing respect and admiration B. showing pleasure in or enjoyment of something.C. given to people free as a courtesy or favor D. specialized outlet for the reservation 58. Which of the following applies to visitors?A. They are required to deposit their bags before ente

45、ring.B. They can park on the south side of Southwark Bridge.C. Taxi services are accessible near Southwark Bridge.D. It s more convenient to drive there than taking public transport.59. The passage is meant to .A persuade readers to travel around LondonB alert readers to the history of the unique in

46、ternational resource.C help inspire readers enthusiasm for Shakespeare s classical works.D inform readers of information about the Shakespear s Globe Exhibition & Tour【答案】56-59 BCCD【语篇整体分析】本文介绍了关于Shakespeare s Globe Theatre and Exhibition Tour（莎士比亚球形剧院和展览厅）的情况。首先对全球剧场进行了一下概述，然后介绍了其中的亮点、节目的日期安排。【

47、试题解析】56. 细节理解题。题目问的是参观exhibition 的时间， 所以锁定Exhibition: Monday to Sunday9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. 但是还要注意的是*Last admission is 30 minutes prior to closing time. 关闭前 30 分钟禁止入场，所以答案是B 项而不是D 项。57. 猜测词义题。这个要定位在这个单词的后面的解释every 16th person free所以不难猜出应该是每第16 个人是免票进场的，所以答案是C 项，是一项优惠活动。58. 细节查找题。A 项定位 We currently hav

48、e enhanced security, with all bags being checked.Please arrive in good time, do not bring any large bags. 并没有说要寄存包的事情。B 项定位 onthe north side of Southwark Bridge. 是北边不是南边。C 项正确。 D 项文章未提及哪个更方便。59. 推断题。这是一则广告类文章，主要介绍的是关于Shakespeare Glso be Theatre andExhibition Tour （莎士比亚球形剧院和展览厅）的情况。所以A 项错误。B 项未提及。C 项

49、文章重点在讲这个Shakespeare s Globe Theatre and Exhibition Tour情况，所以并未说书籍的情况，所以答案是D 项。【单词和词组解析】1. Playwright: n. 剧作家2. pre-book: 预定；预约3. Enhance：增强；加强4. Complimentary ： adj. 赠送的；称赞的；问候的5. make a reservation：预定(房间、票)；预约6. fill in ：填写；填充；替代7. Be prior to ： 在 之前8. Courtesy： n. 礼貌；好意；恩惠adj. 殷勤的；被承认的；出于礼节的9. pay

50、 a visit to ： 参观；访问10. Outlet: n. 出口(B)Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the United States Census Bureau 美国人口调查局(), which found that average household income ro

51、se by 5.2%in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census s measure are that: 1) it excludestaxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is bas

52、ed on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which

53、proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to

54、assess economic performance both across countries and over time.The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was

55、 only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typicall

56、y work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France s consuwith the

57、 U.S. s exaggerates the gap in economic welfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy s performance over time. Accordingto this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, econ