2018年大学英语四级真题答案及解析

1、2018 年 6 月大学英语四级真题（第 3 套）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay on the importanee of speaking ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more tha n180 words.说明：由于 2018 年 6 月四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中 不再重复出现。Part

2、皿Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this sect ion, there is a passage with ten bla nks. You are required to select one word foreach bla nk from a list of choices give n in a word bank follow ing the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each cho

3、ice in the bank is identified by a letter. Pleasemark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Neon (霓虹)is to Hong Kong as red phone booths are to London and fog is to San Fran cisco.Whe

4、n night falls, red and blue and other colors 26a hazy (雾蒙蒙的)glow over a city litup by tens of thousa nds of neon sig ns. But many of them are going dark, 27by morepractical, but less romantic, LEDs (发光二极管 ).Changing buildi ng codes, evolv ing tastes, and the high cost of maintaining those won derful

5、 oldsig ns have bus in esses embraci ng LEDs, which are en ergy 28, but still carrygreat cost. To me, neon represe nts memories of the past, says photographer Sharon Blance, whoseseries Hong Kong Neon celebrates the citys famous sig ns. Look ing at the sig ns now I get a feeli ngof amazeme nt, mixed

6、 with sad ness.Building a neon sign is an art practiced by 29_ trained on the job to moldglass tubes into - shapes and letters. They fill these tubes with gases that glowwhe n 31_ . Neon makes oran ge, while other gases make yellow or blue. It takesmany hours to craft a sin gle sig n.Part IWriting(3

7、0 mi nutes)Part IIListe ning Comprehension(25min欢迎下载2Bla nee spe nt a week in Hong Kong and 32_more tha n 60 sig ns; 22 of themappear in the series that capture the sig ns lighti ng up Ion ely streets an 33thatmakes it easy to admire their colors and eraftsmanship. I love the beautiful, handerafted,

8、 old-fashioned 34of neon，” says Blance. The sig ns do nothing more tha n 35a restaura nt, theater, or other bus in ess, but do so in the most strik ing way possible.A) alter native B) approach C) cast D) challe nging E) decorativeF) efficient G) electrified H) identify I) photographed J) professiona

9、lsK) quality L) replaced M) stimulate N) symbolizes O) volun teersSection BDirections: I n this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each stateme nt contains in formatio n give n in one of the paragraphs. Ide ntify the paragraph fromwhich the information is der

10、ived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. An swer the questi ons by mark ing the corresp ondingletter on An swer Sheet 2.New Jersey School District Eases Pressure on Stude nts Baring an Eth nic DivideA) This fall, David Aderhold, the chief of a high-achi

11、eving school district near Princeton, New Jersey,sent parents an alarming 16-page letter. The school district, he said, was facing a crisis. Its stude ntswere overburde ned and stressed out, havi ng to cope with too much work and too many dema nds. Inthe previous school year, 120 middle and high sch

12、ool stude nts were recomme nded for men tal healthassessme nts and 40 were hospitalized. And on a survey adm ini stered by the district, students wrotethings like, I hate going to school, and Coming out of 12 years in this district, I have lear ned one thing:that a grade, a perce ntage or even a poi

13、nt is to be valued over anything else.B) With his letter, Aderhold inserted West Windsor-Plainsboro Regional School District into an atio nal discussi on about the intense focus on achieveme nt at elite schools, and whether it has gonetoo far. At follow-up meet in gs, he urged pare nts to join him i

14、n advocat ing a whole child approach toschooli ng that respects social-emoti onal developme nt and deep and meanin gful learning overacademics alone. The alter native, he suggested, was to face the prospect of becoming another PaloAlto, California, where outsize stress on teenage students is believe

15、d to have con tributed to a nu mberof suicides in the last six years.C) But in stead of bringing families together, Aderholds letter revealed a divide in the district, which has9,700 stude nts, and one that broke dow n roughly along racial lin es. On one side are white pare ntslike Catheri ne Foley,

16、 a former preside nt of the Pare nt-Teacher-Stude nt Associati on at her daughters欢迎下载3middle school, who has come to see the districts in creas in gly pressured atmosphere as opposed tolear ning. My son was in fourth grade and told me, Im not going to amount to anything because I havenothing to put

17、 on my resume, she said. On the other side are pare nts like Mike Jia, one of the thousands of Asia n-America n professi on als who have moved to the district in the past decade, who saidAderholds reforms would amount to a dumb ing dow n of his childrens education. What is happeninghere reflects a n

18、ational anti-intellectual trend that will not prepare our childre n for the future, Jia said.D) About 10 minu tes from Prin cet on and an hour and a half from New York City, West Win dsor andPlain sboro have become popular bedroom com mun ities for tech no logy en trepre neurs, researchersand engin

19、eers, draw n in large part by the public schools. From the last three graduating classes, 16seniors were admitted to MIT. It produces Science Olympiad winners, classically trained musicians andstudents with perfect SA T scores.E) The district has become increasingly popular with immigrant families f

20、rom China, India and Korea.This year, 65 perce nt of its stude nts are Asia n-America n, compared with 44 perce nt in 2007. Many ofthem are the first in their families born in the United States. They have had a grow ing in flue nce on thedistrict. Asia n-America n pare nts are en thusiastic supporte

21、rs of the competitive in strume ntal musicprogram. They have bee n huge supporters of the districts advaneed mathematics program, whichonce began in the fourth grade but will now start in the sixth. The cha nge to the program, in which 90perce nt of the participat ing stude nts areAsia n-America n,

22、is one of Aderholds reforms.F) Asia n-America n stude nts have bee n eager participa nts in a state program that permits them totake summer classes off campus for high school credit, allow ing them to maximize the nu mber ofhonors and Advaneed Placement classes they can take, another practice that A

23、derhold is limiting thisschool year. With many Asia n-America n childre n atte nding suppleme ntary in struct ional programs,there is a perception among some white families that the elementary school curriculum is being sped upto accommodate them.G) Both Asia n-America n and white families say the t

24、ension betwee n the two groups has grow nsteadily over the past few years, as the nu mber of Asia n families has rise n. But the divisi on hasbecome more obvious in recent mon ths as Aderhold has made cha nges, in clud ing no-homeworknights, an end to high school midterms and finals, and an initiati

25、ve that made it easier to participate inthe music program.H) Jennifer Lee, professor of sociology at the University of California, Irvine, and an author of the Asian America n Achieveme nt Paradox, says misun dersta nding betwee n first-ge neratio nAsia n-America n pare nts and those who have bee n

26、in this country Ion ger are com mon. What whitemiddle-class pare nts do not always un dersta nd, she said, is how much pressure recent immigra ntsfeel to boost their children into the middle class. They dont have the same chances to get their childre欢迎下载4n intern ships (实习职位 )or jobs at law firms, L

27、ee said. So what they believe is that their childre n mustexcel and beat their white peers in academic sett ings so they have the same cha nces to excel later.I)The issue of the stresses felt by stude nts in elite school districts has gained atte nti on in recentyears as schools in places like Newt

28、on, Massachusetts, and Palo Alto have reported a nu mber ofsuicides. West Win dsor-Pla in sboro has not had a tee nage suicide in recent years, but Aderhold, whohas worked in the district for seve n years and bee n chief for the last three years, said he had see ntroubli ng sig ns. In a recent art a

29、ssig nmen ts, a middle school stude nt depicted (描绘)an overburdened child who was being scolded for earning an A, rather tha n an A+ , on a math exam. In the image,the mother scolds the stude nt with the words, Shame on you! Further, he said, the New JerseyEducati on Departme nt has flagged at least

30、 two pieces of writ ing on state En glishIan guage assessme nts in which stude nts expressed suicidal thoughts.J) The survey commissi oned by the district found that 68 perce nt of high school honor andAdva need Placeme nt stude nts reported feeli ng stressed about school always or most of the time.

31、We need to bring back some balanee, Aderhold said. You dont want to wait until its too late to dosometh in g.K) Not all public opinion has fallen along racial lines. Karen Sue, the Chinese-American mother of afifth-grader and an eighth-grader, believes the competiti on with in the district has gotte

32、 n out of con trol.Sue, who was born in the Un ited States to immigra nt pare nts, wants her peers to dial it back. Itsbecome an arms race, an educational arms race, she said. We all want our kids to achieve and besuccessful. The questi on is, at what cost?36. Aderhold is limiting the extra classes

33、that students are allowed to take off campus.37. White and Asia n-America n pare nts resp on ded differe ntly to Aderholds appeal.38. Suicidal thoughts have appeared in some stude nts writ in gs.39. Aderholds reform of the adva need mathematics program will affect Asia n-America n stude ntsmost.40.

34、Aderhold appealed for pare nts support in promot ing an all-ro und developme nt of childre n, instead of focus ing on ly on their academic performa nee.41. One Chin ese-America n pare nt thinks the competiti on in the district has gone too far.42. Immigra nt pare nts believe that academic excelle ne

35、e will allow their childre n equal cha nces tosucceed in the future.43. Many bus in essme n and professi on als have moved to West Win dsor and Plain sboro because ofthe public schools there.欢迎下载544. A nu mber of stude nts in Aderholds school district were found to have stress-i nduced men talhealth

36、 problems.45. The tension betwee n Asia n-America n and white families has in creased in rece nt years.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this sect ion. Each passage is followed by some questi ons orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Yo

37、u shoulddecide on the best choice and mark the corresp onding letter on An swer Sheet 2 with a sin gle linethrough the cen tre.Passage OneQuestio ns 46 and 50 are based on the follow ing passage.For thousa nds of years, people have known that the best way to un dersta nd a con cept is toexpla in it

38、to some one else. While we teach, we lear n, said Roma n philosopher Sen eca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. Theyre docume nti ng why teach ing is such a fruitfulway to lear n, and desig ning inno vative ways for young people to en gage in in structi on.Researchers have

39、found that stude nts who sig n up to tutor others work harder to un dersta ndthe material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Stude nt teachers score higher ontests tha n pupils whore lear ning only for their own sake. But how can childre n, still lear ningthemselves, teach oth

40、ers? One an swer: They can tutor youn ger kids. Some studies have found thatfirst-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings ( 兄弟姐妹 ).This suggests theirhigher IQs result from the time they spe nd teach ing their sibli ngs. Now educators are experime ntingwith ways to apply th

41、is model to academic subjects. They en gage college un dergraduates to teachcomputer scie nee to high school stude nts, who in tur n in struct middle school stude nts on the topic.But the most cutt in g-edge tool un der developme nt is the teachable age nt a computerizedcharacter who learns, tries,

42、makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computerscientists have created an animated (动画的)figure called Bettys Brain, who has been taught aboutenvironmen tal scie nee by hun dreds of middle school stude nts. Stude nt teachers are motivated tohelp Betty master certain materials

43、. While preparing to teach, they organize their kno wledge andimprove their own un dersta nding. And as they expla in the in formati on to it, they iden tify problems intheir own thinking.Feedback from the teachable age nts further enhances the tutors lear ning. The age ntsquestions compel student t

44、utors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching theage nt solve problems allows them to see their kno wledge put into actio n.Above all, its the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feel欢迎下载6upset whe n their teachable age nts fail, b

45、ut happy whe n these virtual pupils succeed as they derivepride and satisfact ion from some one elses accomplishme nt.46. What are researchers rediscoveri ng through their studies?A) Sen ecas thinking is still applicable today.B) Better lear ners will become better teachers.C) Huma n in tellige nee

46、tends to grow with age.D) Philosophical thinking improves in structi on.47. What do we learn about Bettys Brai n?A) It is a character in a popular animation.B) It is a teach ing tool un der developme nt.C) It is a cutt in g-edge app in digital games.D) It is a tutor for computer scie nee stude nts.4

47、8. How does teach ing others ben efit stude nt tutors?A) It makes them aware of what they are strong at.B) It motivates them to try novel ways of teach ing.C) It helps them learn their academic subjects better.D) It en ables them to better un dersta nd their teachers.49. What do stude nts do to teac

48、h their teachable age nts?A) They motivate them to thi nk in depe nden tly.B) They ask them to desig n their own questi ons.C) They en courage them to give prompt feedback.D) They use various ways to explain the materials.50. What is the key factor that eases stude nt tutors lear ning?A) Their sense

49、 of resp on sibility.B) Their emoti onal in volveme nt.C) The lear ning strategy acquired.D) The teach ing experie nee gain ed.欢迎下载7Passage TwoQuestio ns 51 to 55 are based on the follow ing passage.A new batch of young women members of the so-called Millennial ( 千禧的)generation hasbeen entering the

50、workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they are bettereducated tha n their mothers and gran dmothers had been or tha n their young male counterparts arenow. But when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success. They believe that wome n arepaid less tha n men

51、for doing the same job. They thi nk its easier for men to get top executive jobs thanit is for them. And they assume that if and when they have childre n, it will be even harder for them toadva nee in their careers.While the public sees greater workplace equality betwee n men and wome n now tha n it

52、 did 20-30years ago, most believe more cha nge is n eeded. Among Mille nnial wome n, 75% say this country needs to con ti nue making cha nges to achieve gen der equality in the workplace, compared with 57% ofMille nn ial men. Even so, relatively few young wome n (15%) say they have bee n discrim in

53、ated against at work because of their gen der.As Mille nnial wome n come of age they share many of the same views and values about work astheir male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relativelylittle importance on high pay. At the same time, however,

54、young working women are less likely thanmen to aim at top management jobs: 34% say theyre not interested in becoming a boss or top manager;only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among workingadults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and motherhood.These findings are based on a new Pew Research Cen ter survey of 2,002 adults, in cludi ng 810Mille nni als (ages 18-32), con ducted Oct. 7-27, 2013. The surve