西方文明简史_3

1、Early GreeceLECTURE Bronze Age Greece Geographical features Mountains isolated Greeks from one another. Sea enabled Greeks to build contacts with a wider world. /wiki/Aegean_SeaMinoan Civilization The earliest civilization in the Aegean region emerged on Crete. The golden age o

2、f Crete (2000-1550B.C.) /wiki/Minoan_civilizationMycenaean Civilization Flourish between 1600 and 1200B.C. /wiki/File:Sites_myc%C3%A9niens.png /wiki/Mycenaean_GreeceChronologyMesopotamia Egypt Greece3500B.C.Civilization begins4000B.C.

3、Civilization begins2500B.C. Civilization begins3000-2300B.C.City states3150B.C.Upper and Lower Egypt united2334B.C.Akkadian Empire2500-1375B.C.Minoan Civilization1792B.C.O l d B a b y l o n i a n Empire1600-1200B.C.M y c e n a e a n Civilization1600B.C.Hittite Empire1200B.C.A general crisis of the c

4、ivilized world1200B.C.A general crisis of the civilized world1200B.C. A general crisis of the civilized worldThe Dark Age 1200-800B.C. Writing (Adopting Phoenician alphabet)Homer Appearing in the 8th century B.C. Iliad: epic of the Trojan War Odyssey: journey of Odysseus Both supposedly described th

5、e heroes of the Mycenaean age of the 13th century B.C., but actually reflected the social conditions of the Dark Age.Archaic Greece 700-500B.C. Population growth in the 8th century B.C. A age of experimentation Economic and political transformations Abstract thought and creative activitiesPolitical

6、Forms Ethnos ruled by oligarchy Polis in the form of tyranny or democracyColonization Spread of Greek culture through Mediterranean world Increased trade and industrySparta Military state Lives rigidly organized Closed to outside world and new ideasAthens First ruled by a monarchy Then by aristocratic oligarchy Solon as sole archon in 594B.C. A period of tyran