英语：unit1《the-written-word》grammar课件(译林牛津版选修8)

1、GrammarUnit One The written wordBeijing University is not one of the best universities in China.Is it a true statement?The statement is untrue.negative statement The most commonly used negative words are: no, not, never and neitherStep 2 self-thinkingStep 3Read the guidelines on page 8When are the n

2、egative statements often used?Negative statements are often used to correct a mistaken idea. conclude the form (s) of negative statementStep 4 Group Discussion examples structures conclusionsFor example types examples1.I do notthink so.2.I have never seen the film.3.I do not like either of the films

3、. 4.The problems remained unsettled.1).助动词助动词+not 2).全否定词全否定词+肯定谓肯定谓语部分语部分全体否定全体否定全体否定是百分之百全体否定是百分之百地否认一个事物的存地否认一个事物的存在、成立或真实性。在、成立或真实性。表示全体否定的否定表示全体否定的否定词有词有:no, not, nothing,nobody, none,nowhere, never, neither, nor, not.nearly, not.half, 以及以及not.possible 等等. structuresconclusions3).not+any/anyone

4、/anybody/anything/anywhere/either4). 带否定词缀的词带否定词缀的词types 1.It is not uncommon to find her reading the newspaper.=It is quite common to find her reading the newspaper.2.Unless you read the novel yourself, you will never know what happens at the end.）把否定词）把否定词notnot放在带放在带有否定前缀的单词前面：有否定前缀的单词前面：这类双重否定形式

5、，是这类双重否定形式，是一种委婉说法，削弱了一种委婉说法，削弱了句子意义，语气通常比句子意义，语气通常比单纯的肯定句弱。单纯的肯定句弱。 2)2)用否定跟含否定意义的用否定跟含否定意义的连接连接unless, until, butunless, until, but等词连用，构成双重否定，等词连用，构成双重否定，用来表示强烈的肯定用来表示强烈的肯定。双重否定双重否定 双重否定是指双重否定是指两个否定成分两个否定成分限定同一个词限定同一个词或词素；或是或词素；或是一个否定词否一个否定词否定另一个否定定另一个否定词，取得肯定词，取得肯定意义的表达形意义的表达形式。式。否定之否否定之否定成为肯定，定

6、成为肯定，这是合乎逻辑这是合乎逻辑的。的。examples structurestypes conclusions 1.Not many people heard the speech=Very few people heard the speech. 2.Not all he said was to the point. 3.I cant see everybody.1.not+many/much/very much/some/a phrase of time, distance or a noun phrase including quantities.2.not+all/both/eac

7、h/everybody/everything部分否定部分否定含有总括含义含有总括含义的词的词,用于否定用于否定句时句时,只否定一只否定一部分，而不是部分，而不是完全否定完全否定.如如all, everybody everything, always, both, wholly 等词与等词与not连用时连用时,在在汉语中译为汉语中译为“不全是不全是”“不总是不总是”等等.4.I dont wholly agree with you.3. .以一般否定句的形式以一般否定句的形式出现，即把否定主语的出现，即把否定主语的 notnot与谓语动词放在一与谓语动词放在一起。起。examples struc

8、turestypes conclusions 1.I wonder whether/if I shouldnt bring an umbrella.=I wonder whether/if I should bring an umbrella.2.I wouldnt be surprised if they didnt move soon.=.I wouldnt be surprised if they moved soon主句主句+ whether/if引导引导的否定的否定陈述陈述 将否定词和将否定词和whether/if连用连用,来表达对于某来表达对于某种情况的疑虑种情况的疑虑, 常用常用

9、于口语中于口语中.I wonder whether/if 一般一般用于表达个人的用于表达个人的决定决定I wouldnt be surprised if一般一般不用于表达个人不用于表达个人的决定的决定if从句从句中的中的附加附加否定否定examples structures types conclusions 1.Pip can hardly wait to begin his new life.2.The classis are far from disappearing.3.Pips sister seldom has a kind word to say4.Unless you read

10、 the novel yourself, you will never know what happens at the end.含有否定意义的词汇与结构含有否定意义的词汇与结构 1.1.动词及短语动词及短语动词动词： fail (+to do.), miss, ignore prevent/keep/ protect .from等等2.名词名词:absence, failure, refusal等等3.形容词形容词: few, little, free (from), far from等等4.副词副词:hardly, seldom等等5.介词：介词： above, beneath, belo

11、w, out (of) 等等6.连词：连词：unless, before, or 等等7.7.结构结构: : tooto 太太(以致于以致于)不不 ratherthan “宁愿宁愿而不而不”等等隐性否定隐性否定隐性否定是隐性否定是一种一种有意无有意无形形的含蓄否的含蓄否定定,常用含常用含否定词的单否定词的单词词,词组词组,句句型等来表示型等来表示否定意义否定意义.这种否定意这种否定意义用法隐藏义用法隐藏在句子的深在句子的深层含义中层含义中.5.The fortune sets him free from financial worries.6.Joe would rather die than

12、 see any harm cometo pip.examples structurestypesconclusionsAnswers:1. experiences an abnormal childhood without any parents.(line 4)2. with other children who also have no parents. .(line 5)3. ,where he has to work very hard and hardly has time to relax. .(line 6)4.Oliver does not like anything abo

13、ut the workhouse. .(line 7)5.He is treated very badly and seldom has enough food or water. .(line 8)6.Fagin is not a good and (line 11)7.Oliver does not know anything and (line 12)8.He does not want to steal from anyone, but (line 13)9.Mr Barnlow is a man without any of Fagins vices. (line 18)10.Unl

14、ess Oliver can ,he will never be (line24- 25)11.He will have only misfortune, not a real (line 26)Answers:1.surprised if, didnt2.not uncommon3.Not many4.wonder whether/if, shouldnt Do Part C1 andC2 on page 102 of the workbook书客吧http:/ hoq362egk 一点时间在麻将桌前浴血奋战。在打二饼还是摸牌之间犹豫不决的时候，“摸牌，摸牌。”突然一个声音从她的肚子里面传出

15、来，她大吃一惊，立马换成了摸牌，结果是杠上开花。她兴高采烈地笑道：“啊！没有想到，我儿子是个麻将神童。”风软绵绵的，空气甜甜的，又有点潮糊糊的，这个南方小镇像个惬意的少妇，懒洋洋地伸了个懒腰，慢条斯理地享受着舒服懒散的生活。一切是那么的复古和柔情，倘佯在这条小街上，像是走进了一幅虚幻的画面中。踏着古老的青石板路一路向东慢慢地走过去。突然眼睛一亮，一条宽敞的柏油路霍然展现在马启明面前，路两面的店面突然变成了红砖水泥砌的现代建筑，流行音乐声吼叫着从一间间店铺里冲向行人的耳朵，时新衣物、时髦的小装饰、五彩缤纷的影碟吸引着一群群的年轻人流连其中。高大时髦的电影院矗立在路的尽头，铺天盖地的电影宣传广告贴

16、满影院外墙，吸引着人们的眼球驻足观望，孩子们在广场上戏嬉追逐着，时光仿佛一下从民国穿越到了现代，更让马启明俩口子对这小镇充满好奇和渴望。穿过马路，再往东则是绿溪小学，一排排整齐的教学楼，掩映在高大的法国梧桐树中，不时传来一阵阵稚嫩的读书声。崭新的学校大门上面用醒目的红色写着“好好学习，天天上上。”几个大字。操场上正好有学生在上体育课，看着他们在老师响亮的口哨声中跑步，马启明和刘丽娟觉得这一切是那么的熟悉而又陌生，仿佛一瞬间又回到了热情奔放的学生时代。马启明说：“屁大的小镇却是什么东西都有，还有小学和初中。”“你说屁大的小镇是多大？根据气体的原理，气体可以在无限的空间里存在，那么说屁大的地方可以理解为无限大的地方或无限小的地方，你说对不对？”马启明挠头瞪眼无语。更远处陈旧的老屋正在拆除，新的楼房也正在一幢幢拔地而起。马启明和刘丽娟转了一圈，感到古老和现代的气息在绿溪这个小镇上正在不断碰撞着，很明显现代气息正加速吞噬着这个古老的小镇，是个正在起步发展中的小镇。当然与沿海发达城市相比，仍透露着些许迟疑谨慎的观念，毕竟一切才刚