新视野大学英语第二册unit 1 Time-conscious_Americans-3

1、Et RaymondSpring FestivalThe Lantern FestivalValentines DayActivities?Gifts?How to greet in English?How to greet in English? Blessings: Treasures fill the home 金玉满堂 Business flourishes 生意兴隆 Peace all year round 岁岁平安May all your wishes come true 心想事成 Everything goes well 吉祥如意 The country flourishes a

2、nd people live in peace 国泰民安 How did Chinese People reckon time in the past?Lunar calendarA lunar calendar is a calendar that is based on cycles of the moon phase.The calendar in China is a combination of two cycles, theTen Celestial Stems (Shi Tiangan 十天干) and the Twelve Terrestrial Branches (Shier

3、 Dizhi 十二地支). This system was already in use during the 12th century BC1 甲 2 乙 3 丙 4 丁 5 戊 6 己 7 庚 8 辛 9 壬 10 癸1 子 2 丑 3 寅 4 卯 5 辰 6 巳 7 午 8 未 9 申 10 酉 11 戌 12 亥Combining two characters each of these cycles, years are enumerated and make up a cycle of sixty years (only the half of possible permutati

4、ons is used).SundialBefore Han DynastyClepsydraGuisandglassQuartz watchmechanical watchElectronic watchTime is important to us.Can you imagine life without time conscious? Time and tide wait for no man. Time is money. Time tries truth. Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today. Time is life

5、 and when the idle man kills time, he kills himself. To choose time is to save time.Situation 1: On your way home, it occurred to you that your American friend Mary had invited you to visit her when you were free. Then you dropped in on her house. But when you knocked at the door In China, its OK to

6、visit friends withoutcalling ahead of time.While in the U.S., itsimpolite to do so.Oh my Goddess.What is the polite way in the U.S.?Calling ahead of time.A. Before 7:00, to help her to prepare.B. 510 late, not to be the first guest.C. After 8:00, Im the VIP.D. 510 earlier, its a polite way to show m

7、y respect for her.Situation 2: Your American friend invited you to her party tonight at 7:30. When are you supposed to get there? Why?In the U.S., people tend to be _. In China, close friends tend to arrive _，but acquaintances tend to arrive _.510 late (B)before 7:00 (A) 510 earlier (D)Right on time

8、. Be fashionably late.C. Half an hour late. D. About 510 earlier.The Americans：AThe Chinese: BSituation 3: Your American friend invited you to her house for dinner at 6:30. When are you supposed to get there?Listen the material first, try to fill in the missing wordsAmericans believe time is a limit

9、ed ， they try to conserve and manage it. People in the U.S. often attend seminars or read books on time management. It seems they all want to organize their time better. Professionals carry around pocket planners-some in form-to keep track of appointments and deadlines. People do all they can to mor

10、e life out of their time. The early American hero Benjamin Franklin expressed this view best： Do you love life？ Then do not waste time， for that is the life is made of.”To Americans， is a way of showing respect for other peoples time. Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually calls f

11、or an apology， and maybe an explanation. People who are running late often call ahead to let others know of the delay.resourceelectronicsqueezestuffpunctualityOf course, the less formal the situation， the less important it is to be exactly on time. At informal ， for example， people often arrive as m

12、uch as 30 minutes past the appointed time. But they usually dont try that at work. American lifestyles show how much people respect the time of others. When people plan an event， they often set the time days or weeks in advance. Once the time is fixed， it takes almost an to change it. If people want

13、 to come to your house for a friendly visit, they will usually call first to make sure it is Only very close friends will just drop by unannounced. The time may vary， but most folks think twice about calling after 10：00 p.m.get-togethersemergencyconvenient. Also, people hesitate to call others late

14、at night for fear they might be in bed. Text StudyEt Raymond1. budgetv./vi./n.制定预算；制定预算；C 预算预算2. chargev.向向收费，要价收费，要价3. acutea.敏感的，敏锐的；严重的敏感的，敏锐的；严重的4. hourglass n.C（计时用的）沙漏（计时用的）沙漏 5. restlessa.烦躁的；不安静的烦躁的；不安静的 restlesslyad.烦躁地；不安静地烦躁地；不安静地6. elbowvt./n.用肘推（或撞）人；用肘推（或撞）人；C肘肘7. abrupta.粗鲁的，无礼的；突然的粗鲁

15、的，无礼的；突然的8. openinga./n.开始的；开业典礼；空缺职位开始的；开业典礼；空缺职位 9. ritual a./n. 例行的；例行的；C, U惯例惯例10. interaction n.C, U 交流；相互作用交流；相互作用11. conventionn.C, U习俗，惯例；习俗，惯例；C会议会议12. leisuren.U 空闲；空闲；U悠闲，安逸悠闲，安逸 leisurelya.从容的；不匆忙的从容的；不匆忙的13. assess vt.评价，评估评价，评估14. surroundings n.(pl.)周围的事物；环境周围的事物；环境15. probev./n.调查，探究

16、；调查，探究；C 探针探针16. social a.社会的；社交的社会的；社交的 sociallyad.与社会与社会 (或社交或社交) 相关地相关地17. tickvi./n.滴答响；滴答响；sing. 滴答声滴答声18. consequently ad.因此，所以因此，所以19. devicen.C 装置；方法，手段装置；方法，手段20. faxn.C 传真；传真机传真；传真机21. emailn.C, U 电子邮件电子邮件22. givenprep.如果考虑到如果考虑到23. gatheringn.C集会，聚会集会，聚会24. impersonality n.U 无人情味无人情味25. e

17、lectronica.使用电子设备的；电子的使用电子设备的；电子的26. significancen.sing.,U重要性；重要意义重要性；重要意义27. conductvt./n.实施；传导；实施；传导；U行为，举止行为，举止28. increasingly ad.日益；愈加日益；愈加29. conferencen.C（正式）会议（正式）会议 teleconferencen.C 远程会议远程会议30. obtainvt.获得，得到获得，得到31. superba.极好的极好的32. whereasconj.然而；但是然而；但是33. postala.邮政的；邮寄的邮政的；邮寄的34. eff

18、icienta.效率高的效率高的35. impolitea.无礼的，失礼的无礼的，失礼的36. elapsevi.（时间）过去，逝去（时间）过去，逝去37. skillful a.熟练的；有技巧的熟练的；有技巧的 skillfulnessn.U 熟练；技巧熟练；技巧38. competenta.有能力的；能干的；胜任的有能力的；能干的；胜任的39. fulfillvt.履行；执行；实现；完成履行；执行；实现；完成40. capitaln.sing., U资本；资金资本；资金 致力于；从事于致力于；从事于 work at 同时发生；伴随同时发生；伴随 go with 匆忙地匆忙地 in a ru

19、sh 由于由于 due to 亲身；亲自亲身；亲自 in person 大量投入（精力或金钱等）大量投入（精力或金钱等）pour into 用完；耗尽用完；耗尽 run out 导致；造成导致；造成的结果的结果result in 落在落在后面后面 fall behind HomeListen to the text, then quickly answer the questions or fill in the blanks. 1. What are the two things Americans try to save?Time and labor (Para. 1) Time is r

20、egarded as _.(Para. 2)2. What does time mean to Americans? a precious resourceThey do everything _.They start talking business _.They work hard at the task of saving time by _ _ . 3. How do Americans do everything?4. When do Americans start talking business?5. How do Americans save time?(Paras. 3-7)

21、 in a rushquicklyproducing a steady flow of labor-saving devices6. Whats the conclusion? The foreigners _ from those of American. (Para. 8) have different ideas Para. 1 Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of pe

22、ople committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor. Stand: keep in a particular state. e.g. stand firmSubject + v-ing/ v-ed e.g. Lunch finished, all the guests returned to the sitting room.Para. 2 “We are s

23、laves to nothing but the clock, ” it has been said. Time is treated as if it were something almost real. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. It is a precious resource. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifeti

24、me. Once the sands have run out of a persons hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count. Para. 3a A foreigners first impression of the US is likely to be that everyone is in a rush often under pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going, rest

25、lessly seeking attention in a store, or elbowing others as they try to complete their shopping. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country. Working time is considered precious. 译文译文Para. 3b Others in public eating-places are waiting for you to finish so they, too, can b

26、e served and get back to work within the time allowed. You also find drivers will be abrupt and people will push past you. You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small exchanges with strangers. Dont take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else “w

27、asting” it beyond a certain appropriate point. Para. 4a Many new arrivals in the States will miss the opening exchanges of a business call, for example. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country. They may miss

28、leisurely business chats in a restaurant or coffee house. Para. 4b Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust. Since we generally

29、assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly. Time is, therefore, always ticking in our inner ear. 句型句型Para. 5 Consequently, we work hard at the task of saving time. We produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices; we communicate rapidly through faxes

30、, phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longerespecially given our traffic-filled streets. We, therefore, save most personal visiting for after-work hours or for social weekend gatherings.句型句型Para. 6a To us the impersonality of electronic communicat

31、ion has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand. In some countries no major business is conducted without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversation. 译文译文Para. 6b In America, too, a final agreement will normally be signed in person. However, people are meeting increasin

32、gly on television screens, conducting “teleconferences” to settle problems not only in this country but alsoby satelliteinternationally. Para. 7 The US is definitely a telephone country. Almost everyone uses the telephone to conduct business, to chat with friends, to make or break social appointment

33、s, to say “Thank you”, to shop and to obtain all kinds of information. Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time. This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient. 句型句型他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。场策略。The inc

34、rease in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy. Para. 8a Some new arrivals will come from cultures where it is considered impolite to work too quickly. Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant,

35、not worthy of proper respect. Assignments are, consequently, given added weight by the passage of time. 译文译文Para. 8b In the US, however, it is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem, or fulfill a job successfully, with speed. Usually, the more important a task is, the

36、more capital, energy, and attention will be poured into it in order to “get it moving”. Home我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。力，所以我们只能继续。We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on.General Statement + Illustration + EmphasisA. The Writing M

37、odel of the Passage: What is the General Statement ? What is the illustration? What does the writer emphasize?The general statement (Paras.12)The general statement (Paras.12) What does the writer want to tell us ?time-conscious Americans are _ .Illustration: (Paras.37) Illustration: (Paras.37) the f

38、oreigners first impression of the U.Sthe foreigners first impression of the U.SPara.3: Everyone in the U.S. is in a rush.Para.4: Americans start talking business quickly.Para.5-7: Americans work hard to save time.Emphasis by contrast (Para.8)Emphasis by contrast (Para.8)Americans take it as a sign o

39、f s k i l l f u l n e s s t od o t h i n g s q u i c k l y , w h i l e t h e foreignersconsider it proper to take time doing things.HomeB. The way to develop paragraphs: The writer presents the general statement by giving specific details, then telling the reasons.General Statement + Specific Detail

40、s + ReasonGeneral statement:Specific details :_city people, hurrying to working time, precious drivers, abrupt, people, push past The reason: _.This is because people value time highly _.Everyone is in a rush often under pressurePara.3General statement:General statement:Specific details :Specific de

41、tails :_ _ _everyone, telephone, conduct business telephones, save, feet, time Telephone service, superb, postal service, lessThe reason : The reason : _.The U.S. is definitely a telephone countryefficient Para.7Back城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上

42、来为他们服务，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘推搡他人。服务，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘推搡他人。 City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, or elbowing others as they try to complete their shopping. Back原原 句句 译译 文文一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的客人的，更不用说过长时间的

43、闲聊来评价他们的客人的，更不用说会在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，会在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去打高尔夫球。或带他们去打高尔夫球。Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust.原原 句句 译

44、译 文文逆逆 译译 练练 习习产生产生BackSb. do not do sth., much less do sb. do sth. else. 某人不做某事，某人不做某事， 更不用说做其他事。更不用说做其他事。用于强调用于强调“某人绝不会做某事某人绝不会做某事”。句句 型型 提提 炼炼应应 用用 提提 示示产生式应用产生式应用BackBackThe student can hardly speak simple English, much less can he write English articles.(更不用说写英语文章了更不用说写英语文章了)她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了

45、。她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。She wouldnt take a drink, much less would she stay for dinner.我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速地进行交流，而不是通过直接接触。虽然面对速地进行交流，而不是通过直接接触。虽然面对面接触令人愉快，但却要花更多的时间面接触令人愉快，但却要花更多的时间, , 尤其是尤其是在马路上交通拥挤的时候。在马路上交通拥挤的时候。 we communicate rapidly through faxes, phone calls or emails rath

46、er than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longerespecially given our traffic-filled streets.原原 句句 译译 文文产生产生Sb. do sth. by / through rather than by / through , which, though , especially given 某人是通过某人是通过而不是通而不是通过过做某事。虽然后者做某事。虽然后者, 但却但却，尤其是，尤其是考虑到考虑到。用于强调用于强调“对某人做事的辩证分析对某人做事的辩证分析”

47、。 句句 型型 提提 炼炼产生式应用产生式应用在这种下雪天，我宁愿乘公在这种下雪天，我宁愿乘公交交, , 也不愿自己开车去上班。也不愿自己开车去上班。虽然自己开车自在，但更加虽然自己开车自在，但更加危险，特别是考虑到我糟糕危险，特别是考虑到我糟糕的驾驶技术。的驾驶技术。on such a snowy day / go to work / ones poor skills in drivingBack典典 型型 例例 句句意意 群群 提提 示示On such a snowy day, I would go to work by bus rather than by driving my car,

48、 which, though comfortable, is more dangerous, especially given my poor skills in driving.就我们而言，电子交流的缺乏人情味与我们手头就我们而言，电子交流的缺乏人情味与我们手头的事情的重要性之间很少有或完全没有关系。在的事情的重要性之间很少有或完全没有关系。在有些国家有些国家, , 如果没有目光接触，就做不成大生意，如果没有目光接触，就做不成大生意，这需要面对面的交谈。这需要面对面的交谈。To us the impersonality of electronic communication has litt

49、le or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand. In some countries no major business is conducted without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversation. 原原 句句 译译 文文BackSb./Sth. does is sth., whereas/while sb./sth. else does is sth. else 某人某人/ /某物某物 ，然而，然而另一人另一人/ /物却物却 用于表述用于表述“两事物之间的反

50、差两事物之间的反差”。句句 型型 提提 炼炼应应 用用 提提 示示产生式应用产生式应用Back他认为我在对他说谎，他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实但实际上我讲的是实话。话。 Back典典 型型 例例 句句意意 群群 提提 示示He thought I was lying to him, whereas I was telling the truth.在他们看来，如果不花一定时间来处理某件事情，在他们看来，如果不花一定时间来处理某件事情，那么这件事就好像是无足轻重的，不值得给予适那么这件事就好像是无足轻重的，不值得给予适当的重视。当的重视。Unless a certain amount o

51、f time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. 原原 句句 译译 文文逆逆 译译 练练 习习Back他在英语方面一直落后于同组同学。 Hes been falling behind his group members in English. 我工作拖下来了，我得想办法赶上。Im falling behind with my work; I must try to catch u

52、p.Backfall behind sb./sth. 这样的措施可能会带来工作效率的提高。这样的措施可能会带来工作效率的提高。Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.to cause, to have as a result, to lead toBackResult in 学校编列了一百万美元建新图书馆的预算。 She is extremely busy, so she has to budget her time carefully. The school budgeted one m

53、illion dollars for a new library. 她忙极了,所以必须好好安排时间。 vt. to plan the spending of budget小两口为下一年定预算。The young couple budgeted for the coming year. vi. to save or spend money for 量入为出是很重要的。It is essential to balance ones budget.n. a plan to show how much a person will be able to spend他以低廉的价钱买下这所房子。He bou

54、ght the house at a budget price.adj. inexpensive, cheapBack这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? to give a satisfactory explanation for account forGirls account for half of the class.女生占了我们班一半人数。 be a proportion of sth.Back

55、 考试前，每一秒钟都很重要。 就运动而言，重要的不是赢，而是参与。 Every minute counts before the exam. In sport what really counts is not the winning but the playing.Backcount vi. If sth. counts, its important or valuable; Whats the convention for men to wear on formal occasions?Its the convention for men to wear suits on formal o

56、ccasions.Its the convention for to Backconvention n. customary practice 习俗，惯例1. 停止不前停止不前 2. 致力于致力于 3. 造成造成的结果的结果 4. 说明；解释说明；解释 5. 宝贵资源宝贵资源 6. 想使每分钟有意义想使每分钟有意义 7. 想引起别人注意想引起别人注意 8. 生活的节奏生活的节奏 9. 在允许的时间内在允许的时间内 10. 与陌生人闲聊与陌生人闲聊 to stand still to be committed to result in to account for precious resour

57、ce to want every minute to count to seek attention the pace of life within the time allowed small exchanges with a stranger 11. 同时发生；伴随同时发生；伴随12. 在轻松的环境里在轻松的环境里13. 增进信任增进信任14. 千方百计地做千方百计地做15. 在手边在手边16. 亲身；亲自亲身；亲自17. 部分由于部分由于18. 在在眼里眼里19. 随着时间流逝随着时间流逝20. 使工作开展起来使工作开展起来to go with in relaxed surroundings to develop a sense of trust to work hard at the task of at handin personto be due partly to in ones eyes by the passage of time to get things moving HomeKey to exercise