浅谈高中学生英语阅读方法的能力培养

1、浅谈高中学生英语阅读方法的能力培养 河津中学 张岩红众所周知，阅读方法的培养一直是高中英语教学的重中之中，得阅读者，得英语。对于不同难度，不同体裁和题材的英文文章，教师应根据学生的认知水平和心理特征灵活变换教学方法和手段。英语基础弱的学生阅读理解能力偏差、缺乏阅读兴趣，面对生词多，篇幅长的文章往往有畏难情绪，不能积极，成功完成阅读任务。为了解决这一难题，有效提高高中学生阅读能力。笔者在教学实践中采取以下几种：提高阅读兴趣；培养正确的阅读方法；提供精心准备的阅读文体，对于不同文体的文章进行指导；使学生享受阅读，乐在其中。1 孔子说过“知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。”选择文学性，时文性，趣味

2、性强文章尤其是历届各地高考原汁原味英文文章。与学生一起体会语言优美，表达准确与幽默。学生发自内心喊出“我爱阅读”学生愿为之付出努力，积极从文章中汲取营养，阅读英文文章是学生每天不可缺少的一部分。2 通过不同文体的文章对学生读法指导。 记叙文是主要文体之一。它以叙述，描写为主要表达方式。作者往往以时间，空间，人物或事件为线索组织文章。在阅读时根据文章特点，抓住关键词。此类文章在很多情况下没有明显的主题句。而是常常在最后文章议论部分表达作者的写作意图。例如 When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mothers Chinese E

3、nglish.Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her. My mother has long realized the limitation o

4、f her English as well.When I was fifteen, she used to have me call people on the phone to pretend I was she. I was forced to ask for information or even to yell at people who had been rude to her. One time I had to call her stockbroker. I said in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, “Th

5、is is Mrs. Tan.” And my mother was standing beside me, whispering loudly, “Why he dont send me check, already two wek late.” And then, in perfect English I said, “Im getting rather concerned. You agreed to send the check two weeks ago, but it hasnt arrived .” Then she talked more loudly. “What he wa

6、nt? I come to New York tell his front of his boss.”And so I turned to the stockbroker again, “ I cant tolerate any more excuse. If I dont receive the check immediately,I am going to have speak to your manager when I am in New York next week.” The next week we ended up in New York.While I was sitting

7、 there red-faced, my mother, the real Mrs shouting to his boss in her broker English. When I was a teenager, my mothers broken English embarrassed me.But now, I see it differently . To me, my mothers English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural. It is my mother tongue. Her language, as I hear it, i

8、s vivid, direct, and full of observation and wisdom. It was the language that helped shape the way I saw things,expressed ideas, andmade sense of the world.解析：本文为记叙文。作者讲述了小时候为妈妈蹩脚的中式英语感到羞愧与尴尬，因为妈妈的中式英语，总是使她在各种场合遭受不公平的待遇。长大后作者改变了自己的看法，在她的眼中，妈妈的英语是相当清晰，自然，生动，直接，充满睿智和洞察力，也正是妈妈的语言对作者看待事物，表达思想和认识世界产生课重要影

9、响。2. From Paragraph 2,we know that the auther was-A. Good at pretendingB. .rude to the stockbrokerC. .ready to help her motherD. unwilling to phone for her mother 解读：该题属于细节推断题。英文推断题往往是原文中某些句子的同义，近义词替换或句式变换而内涵保持一致。并且与原文一样的词义，通常含义已有改变，所以是干扰项，如B项。通过第二段动词“force”可知答案是D。4. What does the auther thing of he

10、r mothers English now?A. It confuse herB. It embarrasses herC. It helps her understand the world D. It helps her tolerate rude people.此题属于主旨推断题。记叙文主旨通常在文章末尾体现出来。作者首尾呼应由 “ashamed” “helped shape the way.”.因此锁定答案C. 而很多学生错选A或 D.原因是不能准确在文章中定位信息，并认真研读相应的句子。最后，与学生再次欣赏语言的美。如：take.seriously,end up in,in brok

11、en English,以及全文末句。 说明文涉及人类生活，动物生活习性，社会现象，研究发明，旅游胜地，职业介绍等。文章多使用解释性，定义性的长句。所以阅读说明文必须学会分析长难句，化繁为简，才能准确理解其义。说明文的全文主旨句通常都在首句。因此让学生通过把握主题句理解文中必要的细节是非常重要的。 A recent study of ancient and modern elephant has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的 )s

12、peciesThe discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard University when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon modern elephantsthe Asian elephant, African forest elephant, and African savanna elephant.Once they obtained DNA sequences（序列）f

13、rom two fossils（化石）,mammoths and mastodons, the team comparted them with DNA from modern elephants. They found their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the Afri

14、can savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.There has long been debate in the sc

15、ientific community that the two might be separate species, but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species, des

16、pite the elephants significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5metres.The savanna elephant weights between six and seven tons,roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fa

17、ct that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at t he University of Illinois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as

18、two difficult units for conservation purpose. Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants have been distinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority（优先）for conservation purposes.”解析：本文为说明文，讲述科学家通过研究惊讶地发现

19、非洲象可以分为两种类型。5. Which of the following can be the best title.A. NaturalistBelief about Elephants.B. Amazing Experiments about Elephants.C. An Unexpected Finding about Elephants.D. A Long Scientific Debate about Elephants.解读：文章较长的情况下，一定要捕捉主题句，而这篇文章仍然是第一段“ unexpected conclusion”很明确体现出来。而同位语从句是进一步解释结论的内

20、容。1. One of the fossils studied by the researches is that of _.A. the Asian elephant B.the forest elephantC the savanna elephant D. The mastodon elephant解读：根据第二三段，尤其是第三段第一句中的同位语部分可知fossils指的是mammoths与mastodons的化石。2. The underlined word “divergence”in Paragraph 4 means “-”A evolution B exhibition C s

21、eparation D examination解读：通过第四段 “distinct species”以及第五段 “separates species”与此同时提高学生长难句分析能力也是高三学生必备的阅读能力。如第五段是一个 ”but”引导的并列句，第一个分句是there be 句型，that从句对debate进行解释说明。but之后的分句 “this is.”同样evidence也有同位语从句对其进行解释。议论文：是一种通过剖析事物，论述真理，发表见解或提出主张的说理性文体。这种文体一般会开篇名义。主题句明朗，也有时需要总结重要段落的首句。尤其是抓住关键信息词：but,however,in f

22、act等。 Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competiton is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.A high school newspaper editor said it is

23、unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos(纹身) nose rings,or certain dress styles. It is true you cant judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey(传递) certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as

24、people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more a

25、bout whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees（雇员）, because those people represent the companies to their customers.As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty o

26、f well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded,I cant expect all our customers are.There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to

27、 change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.解读：本文为议论文。外表打扮可以显示一个人的个性，但是在工作的时候，奇装异服可能不是很合适。1. Which of the following is the newspaper editors opinion according to Paragraph2? A. Peoples appearances carry message abo

28、ut themselves.B. Customers choices influence dress standards in companies.C. Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.D. Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.解析：很多学生错选A，B，或D都是因为没有认真读 “题干”第二段第一句很明确 “the editor”的观点。2. What can be inferred from the text?

29、A. Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.B. What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.C. Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates.D. Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.解析：此题属于细节推断题。通过第三段第一句 “but”分句后说明不是a mat

30、ter of personal freedom.学生在做细节题时，如果没有把握必须认真回原文相应信息源，研读相应句子，准确把握其语义。 3.Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Employees Matter B. Personal Choices MatterC. Appearances Matter D. Hiring Managers Matter解析：这道题是主旨题，这类题首先做到正面总结，或回原文主题句。如第一段最后一句，与此同时，因为此类题干扰项强。所以本人要求学生也要做到逆向思维。假如题目

31、选A，那么透过题目文章应以employ为主，而这显然与文章相反。必须通过选项，准确无误确定文章主要内容。既不能扩大也不能缩小文中表达的含义。 应用文是一种使用范围比较广泛的文体，像广告，书信，列车或飞机的时刻表，产品说明书，宣传海报，简明新闻都属于应用文。阅读此类文章一定要浏览题干，再快速阅读文章大小标题，或主题段或主题句，然后带着题干回原文相应的信息源验证。有时文中人名，地名，专业术语，生词较多，要求学生做到忽略生词而获取与题相关的必要的细节。主要考察学生scanning（查读）skimming(略读）能力。例如： One of the greatest gifts one generati

32、on can give to other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience.This idea has inspired the award-winning photographer Andrew Zuckerman.He interviewed and took photos of fifty over-sixty-five-year-olds all over the world.His project explores various aspects of their lives.The photos and

33、interviews are now available on our website.Click on the introductions to read the complete interviews.Let us now have a culture of peace.Federico Mayor Zaragoza,SpainFederico Mayor Zaragoza obtained a doctorate in pharmacy（药学）from the Complutense University of Madrid in 1958 .After many years spent

34、 in politics,he became Director-General of UNESCO in 1987.In 1999,he for a Culture of Peace,of which he is now the president.In addition to many he has published four collections of poems and several books of essays.Writing is a discovery.Nadine Gordimer,South AfricaDue to a weak heart,Nadine Gordim

35、er attended school and university briefly.She read widely and began writing at an early age .She published her first short story at the age of fifteen,and has completed a large number been translated into forty languages.In 1991,Gordimer won the Nobel PrizeJazz about the only form of an today.Dave Brubeck,USADave Brubeck studied music at the U