计算机常用英语词汇大全

1、声 音 频的，声音的总线计算机光盘只读存储器台式计算机数字视 频光 盘磁盘general-purpose machine hardwareinformation processing input device Input/Output (I/O) instructioninterfacekeyword main memory mainframe microcomputer minicomputermonitormouse计算机常用英语词汇大全第一章 计算机硬件1.1 计算机的组成audio bus computercentral processing unit (CPU)Computer Di

2、sk Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) desktop computerDigital Video Disk (DVD) disk通用（计算）机硬件信息处理输入设备输入 /输出指令接口键盘主存储器主机，特大型机微型计算机小型计算机监视，监视器鼠标operating systemoutput deviceperipheralpersonal computer (PC)programresetset of instructionsoftwarespecial-purpose machine1.2 什么是处理器操作系统输出设备外围，外围设备个人计算机程序复位指令集，指令系统软件专用

3、（计算）机arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) 算术/逻辑部件clock control unitdecodeinstructioninstruction set machine language megahertz (MHz) operandoperationprocessorregisterword size (word length)时钟控制器，控制部件译码，解码指令指令系统，指令集机器语言兆赫操作数操作、操作码、操作码指令处理器寄存器字长1.3 存储系统benchmarkbootcachechipCompact Disk ROM (CD ROM) disk d

4、riveDynamic RAM (DRAM) floppy disk (diskette) hierarchical memory laser storage latency magnetic disk magnetic tape main memory on-chip cache page frame paged virtual memoryRandom Access Memory (RAM)Read Only Memory (ROM) real memory (storage) register file silicon-dievolatilewrite once, read many (

5、WORM)1.4 输入输出(I/O )系统accumulator基准测试程序，基准程序 ，测试标准，基准引导，启动，自举高速缓冲存储器,高速缓存芯片只读光盘磁盘驱动器动态随机存储器软磁盘存储器层次结构激光存储器潜伏时间、等待时间磁盘磁带主存储器单片高速缓存页帧页式虚拟存储器随机（访问）存储器只读存储器实存储器寄存器组硅片易失性一次写多次读累加器潜伏时间、等待时间带宽（外设与存储器的传送速率范围）缓冲信道，通道代码转换相关，相干协处理器I/O直接存储器存取硬（磁）盘输入输出系统中断装入，加载存储器映射I/O调制解调器多处理器通路，路径位模式外围，外围设备程序控制I/O同步化适配器异步的总线lat

6、encybandwidthbufferingchannelcode conversioncoherencycoprocessor I/Odirect memory access(DMA) hard diskinput/output systeminterruptloadmemory mapped I/Omodemmultiprocessorpathpattern of bitsperipheralprogrammed I/O synchronization1.5 总线和控制器adapterasynchronousbandwidthbusdaisy chain decentralizeddedi

7、cated busdistributed菊花链 分散式（的） 专用总线 分布式（的）general-purpose busperipheral Component Interconnect (PCI)通用总线 外围部件互连（总线）polling priority sharesynchronous timing轮询优先级共享同步的定时，同步1-6 JUST WHAT IS THE UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS?adapter card适配器卡broadcast quality广播级质量configuration配置download下载Fiber Channel光纤通道game car

8、d游戏卡high-resolution高分辨率hub集线器image图像，映像，成像information flow信息流intelligence智能joystick操作杆platform平台serial port串行（端）口环绕声，立体声远程通信，电信业务流通用串行总线视频视频会议编址，寻址寻址方式算法转移指令，分支指令编译器，编译程序复杂指令系统计算机移位字段指令格式机器周期微代码，微指令微指令微程序操作码流水线精简指令系统计算机sound cardsurround sound stereotelecommunication traffic flowUniversal Serial Bus

9、 (USB) videovideo conferencing1.7 REDUCED INSTRUCTION SET COMPUTERSaddressing addressing mode algorithm branch instruction compilerComplex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) displacement field instruction format machine cycle microcode microinstruction micro-program op-code pipelinereduced instruction

10、set computer (RISC)superscalar超级标量1.8 MEASURING COMPUTER PERFORMANCEapplication environment benchmark program bottleneckclock ratecomputer performance execution-ratefloating pointmetric应用环境基准程序瓶颈时钟频率计算机性能执行速率浮点尺度，指标millions of instructions executed per second (MIPS)parameter port参量，参数移植，端口System Per

11、formance Evaluation Cooperative (SPEC) 系统性能评价合作组织throughputworkstationmeasure吞吐量工作站度量第二章 计算机操作系统2.1 操作系统概述job management作业管理resource management job queue资源管理作业队列input/output control system(IOCS) 输入输出控制系统batch systemtime-shared operating systemoffline operation real-time system buffering spooling sys

12、tem multiprogramming批处理系统分时操作系统脱机操作实时系统缓冲技术假脱机系统多道程序设计2.2 WINDOWS XP 和 VISTAdependabilityDynamic Link Library (DLL) firewall可信性、可靠性动态链接库attackEncrypting File System (EFS) 加密文件系统 hacker防火墙攻击，进攻黑客remote assistancetask-orientedrestackstackinterfacetablet PCnotebook computer desktop远程援助面向任务的重新堆叠栈，堆栈，堆叠界

13、面，接口平板式计算机笔记本计算机桌面（计算机）备份，后备支援远程分辨率，清晰度高级，优质娱乐菜单滑块任务栏外观，外部特征个性化小工具，小器具系统资源病毒动画切换器（程序）文件夹动画窗格收藏夹（页）筛选器可视的威胁数字媒体照片库曝光，泄露导出，输出，引出剪辑共享backup remote definition premium entertainment menu slide taskbarappearance customize gadgetsystem resource virusanimation switcher foldernavigation pane favorite filterv

14、isual threat digital media Photo Gallery exposure export clip sharewireless network无线网络2.3 UNIX 和 LINUX UNIXconcurrently terminal multi-user multitask job kernel interface一种计算机操作系统 并发地终端多用户多任务作业内核接口programming language background system call interpreter fileredirectiondevice-independent shell程序设计（编程

15、）语言后台系统调用解释程序文件重定向设备无关的外壳（程序）、命令解释程序General Public License(GPL)公用授权协议Linux以 Linux 命名的操作系统source code源代码Portable Operating System UNIX(POSIX) 可移植的UNIX 系统Gnu s Not UNIX (GNU) 一个自由软件组织持久储存器2.4 THE MIDDLEWAREpersistent storagemiddleware中间件Application Program Interface (API) 应用程序接口variable-length file可变长

16、文件relational database关系型数据库bundle捆，卷，捆绑件host name主机名2.5 A CACHING MODEL OF OPERATING SYSTEM KERNEL FUNCTIONALITY caching model micro-kernelmonolithicvirtual memory system copy-on-write domain-specific resource allocationrandom access sequential access resource management failureapplication moduleser

17、veractive object address space thread高速缓存模型微内核单块(片)的虚拟存储系统按写拷贝特定域资源分配随机访问顺序访问资源管理故障，失效应用模块服务器活动对象地址空间线程(IPC) 进程间通信映像，镜像描述符Inter-Process Communication mapping descriptorpage frame页面帧supervisor-level管理层programming interface 编程接口emulator仿真器第三章 个人计算机(PC)的使用3.1 选择和设置PC 系统PC(Personal Computer) power-hungr

18、y application suite word processor spreadsheet tax preparation drawing home publishing reference software game platform configuration tower all-in-one monitorperipheral device fluctuation个人电脑耗电的应用（软件）套件，应用程序集字处理程序电子表格税收预处理（软件）绘图（软件）家庭出版（软件）参考软件游戏（软件）平台配置塔式一体化，全内置监视器外围设备波动 浪涌抑制器surge suppressorport e

19、xpansion card USB (Universal Serial Bus) hubCD (Compact Disk) customize setting screen saver screen resolution menu desktop shortcut items toolbar background image color scheme theme control panel quick launch toolbar3.2 使用 PC bootstandby mode wear-and-tear operating system utility virus端口扩展卡通用串行总线集

20、线器光盘，激光唱盘，高密度磁盘定制，按指定规格制造设置，调整，装配屏幕保护装置（程序）屏幕分辨率菜单桌面快捷项工具条背景图（映）像配色方案主题控制面板快速发送工具条自举，引导，启动，引导程序等待模式，待机模式长时间使用之后的损耗，消耗操作系统实用程序，实用工具病毒user interface用户接口text-based基于文本的GUI (Graphical User Interface) 图形用户接口desktop桌面icon图标taskbar任务栏dialog box会话框pull-down (drop-down) menu 下拉式菜单3.3 PC 系统维护system maintenanc

21、e backupremovable hard disk storage medium surge suppression系统维护备份、备用、后备支援可移动硬盘存储媒体浪涌抑制UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)CD (Compact Disk) DVD (Digital Video Disk) zip disk troubleshooting diagnose不间断电源 光盘数字视频光盘大容量磁盘故障查找（诊断、排除）诊断3.4 UPGRADING PCUpgrade升级，提高RAM (Random Access Memory) 随机存储器，内存 periphe

22、ral equipment 外围设备图像扫描仪彩色打印机主（机）板版本（软件产品）发布，版本故障，错误，安全漏洞向上兼容交叉兼容性粗（黑）体的斜体的 多功能文本格式image scannercolor printer motherboardversionreleasebugupward compatible downward compatibility cross compatibility boldfacingitalicizingRTF (Rich Text Format)PDF (Portable Document Format) 可移植文档格式HTML (Hyper-Text Mark

23、up Language) 超文本标记语言第四章 计算机网络4.1 计算机网络的体系结构computer network计算机网络network architecture网络体系结构protocol协议open system interconnection reference model (OSI/RM) 开放系统互连参考模型Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) 传输控制协议/互联网协议channel信道frame帧packet分组，包message报文，消息connectionless无连接的connection or

24、iented面向连接的user datagram protocol (UDP) 用户数据报协议data communicationresource sharingdata formatlayer-basedphysical mediumInternational Standards Organization (ISO)Department Of Defense (DOD) (美国)国防部industrial standardtransport layernetwork layerapplication layerend-to-endbyte streamvirtual terminal4.2

25、局域网(LAN )LAN (Local Area Network)局域网client-serverpeer-to-peerhub数据通信资源共享数据格式分层次的物理媒体（介质）国际标准化组织行业标准传输层，运输层网络层应用层端对端，终点到终点字节流虚拟终端客户服务器（方式）对等（方式）集线器switch topology star topology Ethernetrandomly交换机拓扑 （结构）星型拓扑以太 （局域）网随机地CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection) 载波侦听多路访问/冲突检测UTP (Unshi

26、elded Twisted Pair) coaxial cableNIC (Network Interface Card)非屏蔽双绞线multi-port bridgerouterASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit)（网卡）多端口网桥路由器专用集成电路Gigabit Ethernet千兆位以太网fiber-opticFDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)光纤光纤分布

27、式数据接口异步转移（传输）模式ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band无线局域网工业、科学和医药频段FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) 跳频扩频DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) 直序扩频CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) MAC (Medium Access Control) WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) cell phone码分多址媒体访问控制无线应用协议pagerwire

28、less bridge蜂窝电话寻呼机 无线网桥leased line租用线4.3 广域网(WAN )WAN (Wide Area Network) packet switching network priority code source addressdestination addressdatagramvirtual circuit(SVC) Switched Virtual Circuit(PVC) Permanent Virtual Circuit multiplexleased line networkframe relay广域网分组交换网优先级代码源地址目的地址数据报虚电路交换式虚

29、电路永久式虚电路多路复用租用线（路 ）网帧中继CPE(Customer Premises Equipment) 客户设备 access lineportroute backbone接入线端口路由，路径trunk主干网 ,骨干网干线 , 局内 中继线 ,信息通路4.4 WINDOWS SERVER 2008utility实用程序，实用工具virtualization虚拟化Information Technology (IT) 信息技术High Performance Computing (HPC)活动目录 高性能计算workload shell hypervisorVirtual Private

30、 Network (VPN) Internet Information Services(IIS) client computer diagnostic troubleshootingNetwork Access Protection (NAP) Active Directory (AD)工作负荷外壳（程序），命令解释程序管理程序虚拟专用网因特网信息服务客户计算机诊断故障查找（诊断、排除）4.5 ABOUT NETWORK CONVERGENCESession Initiation Protocol (SIP) 会话起始协议Internet Multimedia core network Su

31、bsystem (IMS) 因特网多媒体核心网子系统convergence network trafficcore networknetwork layer protocol subscriber收敛（性），会聚（性、度） ，会聚，学科交叉网络通信（业务）量核心网用户roamcellular networkBroadband Internet access network漫游蜂窝式网络宽带因特网接入网登录loginPersonal Digital Assistant (PDA) 个人数字助理account账户，账号node节点Time Division Multiplex (TDM) 时分多路

32、复用 第五章 因特网5.1 因特网概述InternetARPAnetpacket switching network interoperabilityWWW ( world wide web ) hypertextclientbrowserdownloadHTTP ( hypertext transfer protocol URL ( uniform resource locator search engine search criteria因特网ARPA 计算机网，阿帕网 分组交换网，包交换网互操作性超文本客户浏览器下载) 超文本传送协议统一资源定位地址搜索引擎搜索条件Web page网页G

33、UI ( graphical user interface) 图形用户接口IE( Internet Explorer )(微软公司的)浏览器软件Mosaic 美国计算机安全协会(NCSA)的公共WWW 浏览器Navigator(网景公司的)浏览器electronic mail电子邮件SMTP ( Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ) 简单邮件传送协议POP( Post Office Protocol )FTP( File Transfer Protocol )邮局协议 文件传送协议Telnet( Telecommunication network ) 远程通信网远程登

34、录(服务)TCP/IP( Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol ) 传输控制协议/互联网协议5.2 与因特网连接ISP (Internet Service Provider)accessportabilityanimationvideo chipmobile Webwireless Webnotebookhandheldbuilt-inmobile phonepagermodem访问，接入便携（设备）动画视频剪辑移动万维网无线万维网笔记本（电脑）手持的内置的移动电话寻呼机调制解调器video on demand (VOD) premi

35、se tree topology optical fiberWAN (Wide Area Network) LAN (Local Area Network) dedicated connection wireless connection视频点播前提，处所树型拓扑光纤广域网局域网专线连接无线连接头端器，数据转换器射频，无线电频率电缆调制解调器主（骨）干网双工transceiver收发器coaxial cable同轴电缆cable TV有线电视ADSL （Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line） 非对称数字用户线 downstream下行，顺流，下游upstream

36、上行，逆流，上游CO （Central Office）中心（交换）局HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coax) 混合光纤同轴电缆(网)MSO(Multiple System Operator) 多系统操作员head endRF (Radio Frequency) cable modem backbone network duplex5.3 万维网浏览器和服务器 hyperlink clickWeb server transactionUNIX daemon dial-up telephone package shareware超（级）链接单击，点击万维网服务器事务，事务处理，交易一种操作系

37、统守护程序，后台驻留程序，端口监控程序拨号电话程序包，软件包共享（软）件HTML (HypertText Markup Language) 超文本标记语言服务质量数字图书馆虚拟实验室多播 ,组播MSIE (MicroSoft Internet Explorer) 微软公司的因特网浏览器commercial package 商业软件包IIS (Internet Information Server) 因特网信息服务器5.4 网络安全digital libraryvirtual laboratorymulticastingQuality of Service (QoS)Next generatio

38、n Internet (NGI)5.5 NETWORK SECURITYnetwork securityvirusunauthorized accessfirewallbootsectormacro virusfloppy diskdownloadidentificationauthenticationpasswordaccess cardbiometric devicefilter下一代因特网网络安全病毒非授权访问防火墙自举,引导,启动（磁盘）扇区,扇面宏病毒软 （磁 ）盘下载,卸载识别 ,验证,鉴定验证,鉴别口令，密码存取卡生物统计仪器过滤,滤波封锁网络文件系统网关中继业务分组（包 ）过滤

39、电路网关应用级网关屏蔽路由器堡垒主机双宿主网关屏蔽主机网关屏蔽子网blockNFS(Network File System) gateway relay service packet filtering circuit gateway application-level gateway screening router bastion host dual-homed gateway screened-host gateway screened subnet6.1 VIRTUAL PRIV ATE NETWORK (VPN)VPN (Virtual Private Network) public

40、 network gateway routerfirewall protocol link encryption authentication tunnelingISP (Internet Service Provider)虚拟专用网公用网网关路由器防火墙协议链路，链接加密验证隧道技术因特网服务提供商POP (Point-Of-Presence) roaming userIntranetExtranetWeb server laptop接入点漫游用户因特网内部网因特网外部网万维网服务器膝上（电脑）6.2 ELECTRONIC COMMERCEelectronic commerceElectro

41、nic Funds Transfer (EFT) Business-to-Business (B to B, B2B) transactionElectronic Data Interchange (EDI) communications mediumdigital formrevenue电子商务，电子汇款商业对商业事务 处理 ，交易，会刊，学报电子数据交换通信媒体数字格式税收，收入，收益6.3 BUSINESS NETWORKING information ageInformation Technology (IT) computer-aided design (CAD) global po

42、sitioning satellite (GPS) cash registerEnterprise Resource Planning (ERP) knowledge management smart appliance business networking信息时代信息技术计算机辅助设计全球定位卫星现金出纳机企业资源计划知识管理智能设备商业联网sub-process electronic service framework business model point of view Background traffic information sensor supply chain onlin

43、e-database Internet banking electronic market子过程，子进程电子服务，电子业务框架，架构，构架商业模式观点后台通信信息，业务信息传感器供应链在线数据库因特网银行业务automatic measurement 自动测量product catalog产品目录6.4 WHAT IS ERP?Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) 企业资源计划acronym首字母缩略词human resources人力资源warehouse仓库integrated software program 综合软件程序share共享status状态it

44、em项，项目customer顾客，客户Inventory目录，存货，库存，清单log登录decision决策online responsibility productivityChief Execution Officer (CEO) manufacturing processes packagecore ERP program在线响应度生产力（率）首席执行官，行政主管生产（加工）工艺包核心 ERP 程序6.5 ABOUT INTERNET TELEPHONYInternet telephony transcontinentalQuality of Service (QoS) applet e

45、nd-user distributed system caller recipient analogue signal compress decompress encrypt decrypt play back half duplex full duplex因特网电话横贯大陆的服务质量小应用程序，支程序最终（终端，直接）用户分布式系统主叫方，呼叫方接收方模拟信号压缩解压缩加密解密 回放，读出 半双工 全双工delay jitterplay out timeInternet Service Provider (ISP) host computerworkstation bandwidth pac

46、ket延时抖动结束时间主计算机工作站（频）带宽（度）分组，包6.6 EVOLUTION OF THE WEB AND WEB APPLICATIONSWeb万维网medium(复media)媒体sharing共享desktop台式，桌面desktop computer台式计算机notebook computer笔记本计算机pocket computer袖珍计算机Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) 个人数字助理mobile phone移动电话Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML) 超文本标记语言Web page万维网网页Web site万

47、维网网站Interactivity交互性service-oriented面向服务的Application Programming Interface (API) 应用编程界面Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) 异步 Java过程语言和扩展的标记语言6.7 ABOUT THE AJAXunloadopen sourceremote procedure call intermediate layer Ajax engine plain textparseclient-server卸载，转储开源远程过程调用中间层Ajax 引擎明文语法分析客户-服务器HTML

48、 (Hyper-Text Markup Language) 超文本标记语言XML(eXtensible Markup Language) 可扩展的标记语言CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) 级联风格(样式)表(单)DOM (Document Object Model) 文档对象模型XSLT (eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) 可扩展风格化表单语言变换JavaScriptJavaInteraction过程（程序）语言，基于对象的脚本语言交互第七章 程序设计语言7.1 计算机语言概述programming lang

49、uages instructionoperation codeoperandmnemonicsymbolic address assemblersource program程序设计语言指令操作码操作数助记的符号地址汇编程序，汇编器源程序目标程序高级语言宏指令编译程序，编译器选择结构循环结构机器语言编址，寻址程序流程图模块宏流程图微流程图子例程编程控制结构顺序结构选择结构循环结构图，图表主控（图）模块（图）符号美国国家标准学会object program high level language macroinstruction compilerselection structure loop s

50、tructure machine language addressing7.2 FLOWCHARTprogram flowchartmodulemacrochartmicrochartsubroutineprogramming control structuresequence structureselection structureloop structurechartmaincontrolmodularsymbolAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI) Input/Output (I/O)输入 /输出processing处理data movement instruction terminalinterruption point program branch decisionentry (entrance) logic/compassion conditional statementconnector数据传输指令终端，终止符中断点程序分支判定，决策