本科毕业英语文献翻译--二氧化氯相关文献

1、Production and stability of chlorine dioxide in organic acid solutions asaffected by pH, type of acid, and concentration of sodium chlorite, and itseffectiveness in inactivating Bacillus cereus spores有机酸溶液中的二氧化氯在不同pH值、酸的种类和亚氯酸钠浓度下的生产和稳定性及其在灭活蜡状芽孢杆菌孢子时的有效性作者：Hoikyung Kima ，Youngjee Kanga，Larry R. Beu

2、chatb，Jee-Hoon Ryua，* a.Graduate School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea韩国首尔136-701亚南洞Sungbuk区高丽大学生命科学与生物技术研究生院 b.Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment

3、Street, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA美国GA30223-1797格里芬1109实验街佐治亚大学食品安全中心食品科学与技术部ARTICLE INFO 文章信息Article history: 文章历史Received 20 March 2008 2008年3月20号接收Accepted 23 May 2008 2008年5月23号接受Available online 28 May 2008 2008年5月28号网上可见Keywords: 关键词Chlorine dioxide 二氧化氯Organic acid 有机酸Bacillus cereus 蜡状芽孢杆菌A

4、BSTRACT 摘要We studied the production and stability of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in organic acid solutions and its effectiveness in killing Bacillus cereus spores.Sodium chlorite (5000, 10,000, or 50,000ug/ml) was added to 5% acetic, citric, or lactic acid solution, adjusted to pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, or 6.0,

5、 and held at 21 for up to 14 days. The amount of ClO2 produced was higher as the concentration of sodium chlorite was increased and as the pH of the acid solutions was decreased. However, the stability in production of ClO2 was enhanced by increasing the pH of the organic acid solutions. To evaluate

6、 the lethal activity of ClO2 produced in various acid solutions as affected by acidulant and pH, suspensions of B. cereus spores were treated at 21 for 1, 3, 5, or 10 min in hydrochloric acid or organic acid solutions (pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, or 6.0) containing ClO2 at concentrations of 100, 50, or 25 ug/

7、ml. Populations of viable spores treated with ClO2 at concentrations of 100 or 50 ug/ml in organic acid solutions decreased more rapidly than populations treated with the same concentrations of ClO2 in HCl . Rates of inactivation tended to increase with higher pH of ClO2 solutions. Results show that

8、 ClO2 formed in organic acid solutions has higher stability and is more lethal to B. cereus spores than ClO2 formed at the same concentration in HCl solution. This finding emphasizes the benefits of using organic acid solutions to prepare ClO2 intended for use as an antimicrobial. 我们研究了二氧化氯在有机酸溶液中的生

9、产和稳定性以及其在杀灭蜡状芽胞杆菌孢子方面的有效性。将亚氯酸钠（5000,10000或50000微克/毫升）加入到5%的醋酸、柠檬酸或乳酸溶液中，调节pH 至3.0,4.0,5.0或6.0，保持2114天。二氧化氯含量随着亚氯酸钠浓度的增加及酸溶液pH值的减小而增加。但是生产二氧化氯的稳定性随着有机酸溶液pH值的增加而得到了加强。将蜡状芽胞杆菌孢子悬浮液分别置于含二氧化氯浓度为100ug/l，50ug/l，25ug/l，温度为21的盐酸溶液或有机酸溶液（pH为3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0）中分别放置1min,3min,5min,10min，以用来评价不同酸性溶液中二氧化氯在酸化剂及pH影响下

10、的致命性。用含二氧化氯浓度为100ug/ml或50ug/ml 的有机酸溶液处理比用相同二氧化氯浓度下的盐酸溶液处理后存活孢子的数量更易迅速下降。灭活率一般随着二氧化氯溶液pH值的增大而增大。实验表明，有机酸溶液中的二氧化氯比相同浓度下盐酸溶液中的二氧化氯有更好的稳定性且对蜡状芽孢杆菌孢子有更强的致命性。这一发现强调了用有机酸溶液制备抗菌性二氧化氯的优点。1. Introduction 前言 Aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) has been approved as a disinfectant for beverage bottling plants and fo

11、od processing, handling, and storage plants ( US Environmental Protection Agency, 2007) and as a sanitizer for food processing equipment ( US Food and Drug Administration, 1977). Because of its bactericidal activity over a wide pH range, rapid biocidal action ( Bernarde et al., 1965, 1967 ; McGuire

12、and Dishinger, 1984; Rav-Acha, 1984), and limited reactions with organic materials ( Richardson et al., 1994 ; Long et al., 1999 ), gaseous or aqueous ClO2 has been effectively used to kill Escherichia coli O157:H7, Enterobacter sakazakii , Listeria monocytogenes, vegetative cells and spores of Baci

13、llus cereus, and spores of B. thuringiensis (Han et al., 2001; Singh et al., 2002 ; Beuchat et al., 2004 ; Rodgers et al., 2004 ; Ryu and Beuchat, 2005 ; Kim et al., 2006). One of the disadvantages of ClO2 as a sanitizer, however, is its instability during production and storage. Because of its low

14、stability in production, ClO2 should be prepared on site and cannot be stored for long periods of time. 二氧化氯水溶液已被批准可以作为饮料装瓶厂和食品加工厂、处理厂、储存厂（2007年美国环境保护局）以及食品加工器械（1977年美国食品和药物管理局）的消毒剂。由于二氧化氯在较宽pH范围内的杀菌活性、快速的杀菌作用（Bernarde等，1965年，1967年；McGuire ， Dishinger，1984年；Rav-Acha，1984年）以及与有机原料很少有副反应（Richardson等，1

15、994年；Long等，1999年），气体二氧化氯或二氧化氯溶液已被有效应用于杀灭大肠杆菌、阪崎肠杆菌、李斯特菌、营养细胞、蜡状芽孢杆菌孢子以及苏云金芽孢杆菌孢子（Han等，2001年；Singh等，2002年；Beuchat等，2004年；Rodgers等，2004年；Ryu ，Beuchat，2005年；Kim等，2006年）。但是二氧化氯作为消毒杀菌剂有一个缺点，即它在生产和储存过程中的不稳定性。由于二氧化氯在生产过程中的不稳定性，它需要现配现用且不能长时间储存。 One of the traditional methods to produce aqueous ClO2 uses sod

16、ium chlorite (NaClO2) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a reaction mixture (Marriott and Gravani, 2006): 一种制备二氧化氯水溶液的传统方法是用亚氯酸钠与盐酸混合反应（Marriott ，Gravani，2006年）： 5NaClO2 +4HCl4ClO2 + 5NaCl +2H2O The amount of ClO2 formed reaches maximum concentration through rapid dissociation of HCl. If HCl were to be

17、substituted by organic acids, which have significantly lower dissociation rates, a persistent production of ClO2 would be possible and enhanced stability could be achieved. Even though HCl is commonly used to produce ClO2 ，the acid itself may not contribute substantially to lethal activity because i

18、t needs to be present in an undissociated form to kill microorganisms (Asensi et al., 1997 ). The proposed mechanism of action of acids in causing the death of microorganisms is that undissociated forms diffuse across the bacterial membrane into the cell, dissociate inside the cell, and decrease the

19、 internal pH (Bearson et al., 1997; Russel and Diez-Gonzalez,1998). Acetic acid, citric acid, and lactic acid have been reported to effectively reduce large populations of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella ( Ryu et al., 1999; Jung and Beuchat, 2000; Harris et al., 2006). Organic acid-based ClO2 solutio

20、ns may, therefore, have greater synergistic antimicrobial activity than HCl-based ClO2 because they contain both ClO2 and undissociated forms of the acids. 随着HCl的快速分解生成的二氧化氯达到了最大浓度。如果用具有较低分解率的有机酸代替盐酸，则二氧化氯可持续产生且具有较好的稳定性。尽管HCl常被用来生产二氧化氯，但是它本身并未对微生物有致命性，因为它只有在解离的情况下才能杀灭微生物（Asensi等，1997年）。酸使微生物致死的拟议的机制

21、是这样的：离解形态的酸通过细菌细胞膜扩散至细胞内部，在细胞内分解，使内部pH值减小（Bearson等，1997年；Russel ，Diez-Gonzalez，1998年）。报道显示醋酸、柠檬酸和乳酸可有效减少大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量（Ryu等，1999年；Jung ，Beuchat，2000年；Harris等，2006年）。二氧化氯的有机酸溶液既含有二氧化氯又含有离解形态的酸，因此，二氧化氯的有机酸溶液可能比二氧化氯的盐酸溶液有更强的杀菌活性。 Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive spore former that can cause foodborne il

22、lness by producing emetic and diarrheal toxins ( Granum, 2007 ). Bacterial spores have substantial resistance to environmental stresses as compared to vegetative cells to heat, irradiation, desiccation, extreme pH, high pressure, and sanitizers ( Setlow, 2000; Atrih and Foster, 2002; Young and Setlo

23、w, 2003;Beuchat et al., 2004; Cortezzo et al., 2004; Granum, 2007 ). Because B. cereus spores have significant resistance to sanitizers, including chlorine, ClO2, and peroxyacetic acid ( Foegeding et al., 1986; Beuchat et al., 2004 ; Ryu and Beuchat, 2005), there are concerns about the control of B.

24、 cereus in food processing plants.The objectives of the study were to produce ClO2 using organic acids and sodium chlorite, determine its stability in production during production and storage, and evaluate its lethal activity against B. cereus spores. 蜡状芽孢杆菌是一种革兰氏阳性芽孢前，它可以通过产生呕吐和腹泻的毒素引起食源性疾病（Granum，

25、2007年 ）。相比营养细胞，细菌孢子对热、放射、干燥、极端的pH值、高压、杀菌剂等环境压力具有强大的抗性（Setlow，2000年； Atrih ，Foster， 2002年； Young ，Setlow，2003年；Beuchat 等，2004年； Cortezzo 等，2004年； Granum，2007年）。因为蜡状芽孢杆菌孢子对包括氯气、二氧化氯、过氧乙酸在内的消毒杀菌剂具有很强的抗性（Foegeding等，1986年； Beuchat 等，2004 年； Ryu，Beuchat， 2005年），所以人们对蜡状芽孢杆菌在食品加工工厂中的控制表示担忧。本研究的目的是用有机酸和亚氯酸钠制

26、备二氧化氯 ，研究生产和存储过程中二氧化氯的稳定性以及评价它对蜡状芽孢杆菌孢子的致死性。 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Production and stability of organic acid-based ClO22.1. 1 Production of ClO2 using organic acid2. 材料与方法2.1. 有机酸二氧化氯的生产和稳定性2.1.1. 用有机酸生产二氧化氯 Acetic, citric, and lactic acid solutions (200 ml, 5%, w/v) were prepared by adding a

27、ppropriate amounts of acetic acid (99.7%; w/v, Biosesang, Korea), citric acid (98%, w/w; Wako, Japan), andlactic acid (7981%; w/v, Fluka, Japan) to distilled water. The pH of each acid solution was adjusted to 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, or 6.0 using 10 N sodium hydroxide. An appropriate amount of sodium chlorit

28、e (80%; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was added to make concentrations of 5000, 10,000, or 50,000 ug/ml in each organic acid solution. Solutions were secured on a rotary shaker (HB-203L; Hanbaek Scientific Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea) and agitated at 150 rpm in a chemical hood for 14 days at 21

29、77;1 . 醋酸、柠檬酸和乳酸混合溶液（200 ml, 5%, w/v）是通过将适量的醋酸（99.7%；w/v， Biosesang，Korea）、柠檬酸（98%, w/w; Wako, Japan）和乳酸（7981%; w/v, Fluka, Japan）加入到蒸馏水中制得的。用10N氢氧化钠调节各酸溶液的pH至3.0 , 4.0 , 5.0 , 6.0。将适量亚氯酸钠（80%; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO）加入各有机酸溶液中制得浓度分别为5000, 10000, 和50000 ug/ml的溶液。将溶液保存在旋转式摇床上（HB-203L; 韩国首尔Hanbae

30、k 科技有限公司）以150 rpm的速度摇晃，于21±1 下在化学通风橱中放置14天。2.1.2. Measurement of ClO2 concentrationDuring the storage period, the amount of ClO2 formed was measured at 24-h intervals using a chlorine colorimeter (model Dr/820; Hatch, Loveland, CO).2.1.2. 二氧化氯浓度的测定 在储存期间，每隔24小时用余氯比色计（Dr/820型; Hatch, Loveland, C

31、O）测定一次形成的二氧化氯量。2.2. Efficacy of organic acid-based ClO2 in inactivating B. Cereus spores2.2.1. Preparation of B. cereus spores in suspension2.2. 有机酸二氧化氯在灭活蜡状芽孢杆菌孢子方面的效用2.2.1. 蜡状芽孢杆菌孢子悬浮液的制备 B. cereus strain 038-2, a diarrheal and emetic isolate, was obtained from Dr. S. Doores, Pennsylvania State Un

32、iversity, University Prk, PA. This strain had been isolated from infant formula. Spores of the bacterium were collected as modified from the method used by Kreske et al. (2006). The strain was grown in tryptic soy broth (TSB; BBL/Difco, Sparks, MD) at 30for 24 h. The culture was transferred by loop

33、inoculation (ca. 10ul) three times at 24-h intervals, surface plated on tryptic soy agar (TSA; BBL/Difco), and incubated at 30for 72 h. Cells were observed under light microscopy to confirm that99% of the cells had sporulated. Colonies from several plates were harvested using a sterile bent glass ro

34、d, placed in 50-ml centrifuge tubes, suspended in sterile distilled water to bring the volume to 30 ml, and centrifuged (800 g, 10 min, 21). The supernatant was discarded, and spores in the pellets were resuspended in 30 ml of sterile distilled water. The spore suspension was stored at 4 prior to us

35、e. The number of B. cereus spores in the suspension was approximately 8.7 log CFU/ml. 蜡状芽孢杆菌菌株038-2是一种腹泻和呕吐的隔离剂，从美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学S. Doores博士处获得。这个菌株是从婴幼儿配方奶粉中分离出来的。细菌的孢子是用修改后的Kreske等人（2006年）的方法收集的。这个菌株在30的胰蛋白酶大豆肉汤中生长了24个小时。每24小时用循环接种转换生长环境三次，表面镀上胰蛋白酶大豆琼脂（TSA; BBL/Difco），在30下培育72小时。将细胞放置在光显微镜下观察以确保超过99%的细

36、胞已经产孢。用无菌弯曲玻璃棒将菌落从培养皿中收集起来放入50ml离心管，悬浮在30ml无菌蒸馏水中后离心（800 g, 10 min, 21）。将孢子悬浮液置于4环境中储存备用。悬浮液中的蜡状芽孢杆菌孢子的数量大约为8.7 log CFU/ml 。2.2.2. Preparation of treatment solutions2.2.2. 化学处理溶液的制备 Sodium chlorite solution (50,000 ug/ml) was prepared by adding sodium chlorite (80%; Sigma) to sterile distilled water

37、. Acetic acid, citric acid, and lactic acid solutions (5%, w/w) adjusted to pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, or 6.0 were prepared as described above. 亚氯酸钠溶液（50,000 ug/ml）是通过向无菌蒸馏水中加入亚氯酸钠（80%; Sigma）制得的。调节到pH值为3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0的醋酸、柠檬酸、乳酸混合液（5%, w/w）也是用如上方法制得的。 HCl-based ClO2 solution was prepared by adding 3 ml of 1

38、N HCl to 200 ml of sodium chlorite solution (50,000ug/ml). To produce organic acid-based ClO2 solutions, sodium chlorite solution (50,000 ug/ml) was added to acetic acid, citric acid, or lactic acid solution (5% w/w; pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, or 6.0), followed by incubation at 21±1 for 3 days with agit

39、ation (150 rpm). The HCl- and organic acid-based ClO2 solutions were diluted in sterile distilled water to give ClO2 concentrations of 50, 100, or 200 ug/ml and immediately tested for efficacy in killing B. cereus spores. 将3ml 1N的HCl溶液加入到200ml 亚氯酸钠溶液（50,000ug/ml）中制得二氧化氯的盐酸溶液。制备二氧化氯的有机酸溶液时，将亚氯酸钠溶液（50

40、,000 ug/ml）加入到醋酸、柠檬酸、乳酸混合溶液中（5% w/w; pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, or 6.0），在搅拌器中于21±1 下培养3天。用无菌蒸馏水将二氧化氯盐酸溶液和二氧化氯有机酸溶液稀释至浓度为50ug/ml，100ug/ml，200ug/ml的溶液，并立即用来测试杀灭蜡状芽孢杆菌孢子的有效性。2.2.3. Procedure for treatment of B. cereus spores2.2.3. 蜡状芽孢杆菌孢子的处理过程 Six milliliters of sterile distilled water (control), sodium c

41、hlorite solution (50,000 ug/ml), organic acid solution (5% acetic acid, citric acid, and lactic acid; pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0), HCl-based ClO2 solution (50, 100, or 200 ug/ml), or organic acid-based ClO2 solution (50, 100, and 200 ug/ml acetic acid, citric acid, and lactic acid; pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0,

42、and 6.0) were deposited in individual sterile test tubes (18 ×150 mm). Spore suspension (6 ml, approximately 6.5 log CFU/ml) was added and mixed thoroughly. After treatment for 1, 3, 5, or 10 min, 2 ml of the suspension were withdrawn and combined with 2 ml of 2×DeyEngley (DE) neutralizing

43、 broth (BBL/Difco). Undiluted suspension (0.25 ml in quadruplicate and 0.1 ml in duplicate) and suspension (0.1 ml in duplicate) serially diluted in 0.1% peptone water were surface plated on TSA. Plates were incubated at 30 for 24 h before the number of colonies was counted. 将6ml无菌蒸馏水（可控）、亚氯酸钠溶液（500

44、00ug/ml）、有机酸溶液（5%的醋酸、柠檬酸和乳酸，pH为3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0）、二氧化氯的盐酸溶液（50ug/ml, 100ug/ml或 200 ug/ml）和二氧化氯的有机酸溶液（50ug/ml, 100ug/ml和200 ug/ml的醋酸、柠檬酸、乳酸，pH为3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0）分别置于无菌试管（18 ×150 mm）中。将孢子悬浮液（6ml，大约6.5 log CFU/ml）加入上述试管中，混合均匀。经过1分钟、3分钟、5分钟和10分钟的处理后，取2ml悬浮液与2ml 2×DE中和肉汤（桶/培养基）混合。将未经稀释的悬浮液（0.25ml，一

45、式四份；0.1ml，一式两份）和在蛋白胨水中连续稀释的悬浮液镀在TSA琼胶表面。在数菌落的数量之前，将培养皿放在30 下培养24小时。2.2.4. Statistical analysis2.2.4 统计分析 All experiments were replicated three times. Data were analyzed using the general linear model procedure of Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS; SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Fishers least significant

46、difference (LSD) test was used to determine if populations of B. cereus spores were significantly affected by the type of treatment, pH of the HCl- and organic acid-based solutions, and treatment time. Significant differences were accepted at a 95% confidence level ( p0.05). 所有实验都重复做了三次。用统计分析系统（SAS；

47、SAS软件研究所，北卡罗来纳州Cary）的一般线性模型程序分析数据。费舍尔的最小显著性差异实验用来判断蜡状芽孢杆菌孢子的数量是否会受到处理方式、盐酸或有机酸溶液的pH值和处理时间的显著影响。只要达到95%的置信水平显著性差异就是可以接受的（p0.05）。3. Results and discussion3.1. Production and stability of organic acid-based ClO2 3. 结果与讨论3.1. 二氧化氯的有机酸溶液的生产和稳定性The production of ClO2 was influenced by the concentration of

48、 sodium chlorite, type of organic acid, pH of the organic acid solution, and storage time ( Fig. 1). The amount of ClO2 produced was higher as the concentration of sodium chlorite was increased, regardless of pH and type of organic acid. For example, in acetic acid, citric acid, and lactic acid solu

49、tions at pH 3.0, maximum concentrations of 11,60013,333 ug/ml ClO2 were produced in solutions containing 50,000 ug/ml sodium chlorite, whereas 35004367 and 12031843 ug/ml ClO2 were produced in the mixtures of organic acid solutions containing 10,000 and 5000 ug/ml sodium chlorite, respectively.The t

50、ype of organic acid also influenced the production of ClO2 at a given concentration of sodium chlorite and pH. Except at pH 6.0, the amount of ClO2 formed in lactic acid solution was generally less than that formed in acetic acid or citric acid solutions.二氧化氯的生产受亚氯酸钠溶液的浓度、有机酸的类型、有机酸溶液的pH值、储存时间（图1）的影

51、响。在任何pH值下和任何种类的有机酸中，只要亚氯酸钠的浓度增加二氧化氯的产量就会增加。例如，在pH值为3.0的醋酸、柠檬酸、乳酸溶液中，在亚氯酸钠浓度为 50,000 ug/ml的溶液中产生的二氧化氯的最大浓度为11,60013,333 ug/ml ，而在亚氯酸钠浓度为10,000 和5000 ug/ml 的混合有机酸溶液中，产生的二氧化氯的最大浓度分别为35004367ug/ml和12031843 ug/ml 。在给定的亚氯酸钠浓度和pH值下，有机酸的类型也会影响二氧化氯的生产。除了pH值为6.0时，一般在乳酸溶液中形成的二氧化氯量比在醋酸或柠檬酸溶液中形成的二氧化氯量要少。 At a gi

52、ven concentration of sodium chlorite, the amount of ClO2 produced in acetic acid, citric acid, and lactic acid solutions decreased as the pH of the solution was increased from 3.0 to 6.0. 在给定的亚氯酸钠浓度下，醋酸、柠檬酸、乳酸溶液的pH值从3.0增加到6.0时，产生的二氧化氯的量减少了。 Fig. 1. Concentrations of ClO2 produced at 21as affected by

53、 the type of organic acid (acetic acid circles, citric acid squares, and lactic acid triangles), pH (3.0, 4.0, 5.0,and 6.0), and concentration of sodium chlorite (50,000 ug/ml open symbols, 10,000ug/ml closed symbols, and 5000ug/ml shaded symbols). Bars indicate standard deviations.图1. 21时有机酸的类型（醋酸圆

54、形，柠檬酸方形，乳酸三角形）、pH值（3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0）、亚氯酸钠溶液的浓度（50000 ug/ml 空心, 10000ug/ml 实心, and 5000ug/ml 阴影符号）对产生的二氧化氯浓度的影响。条表示标准偏差。This is attributed in part to decreased concentrations of hydrogen ion as the pH increases. The concentration of ClO2 produced in organic acid solutions containing 50,000 ug/ml sodiu

55、m chlorite at pH 3.0 or 4.0 increased rapidly during the first 23 days, then markedly decreased during storage for up to 14 days. At pH 5.0 or 6.0, ClO2 was produced slowly, but production rate of ClO2 was constant. The concentration of ClO2 produced in lactic acid solution was less stable compared

56、to that produced in acetic acid or citric acid solutions, especially at pH 3.0 and 4.0.At pH 3.0, the concentration of ClO2 produced in lactic acid solution containing 50,000ug/ml sodium chlorite reached a maximum within 1 day, but decreased significantly after 2 days.At pH 4.0, a maximum amount of

57、ClO2 was produced within 2 days, followed by a significant decrease after 4 days of storage.However, the concentration of ClO2 in lactic acid solution at pH 5.0 or 6.0 was constant for 14 days.The final concentrations of produced in lactic acid using 50,000ug/ml sodium chlorite at pH 5.0 and 6.0 aft

58、er 14 days were 1390 and 1010 ug/ml, respectively.这部分归因于随着pH值的增加而下降的氢离子浓度。在pH值为3.0,4.0时，浓度为50000 ug/ml的亚氯酸钠有机酸溶液中产生的二氧化氯浓度在最初的2-3天内迅速增加，然后在储存时间达到14天时显著下降。在pH值为5.0,6.0时，二氧化氯产生得非常缓慢，但是二氧化氯的产率为常数。在乳酸溶液中产生的二氧化氯浓度不如在醋酸或柠檬酸溶液中产生的二氧化氯浓度稳定，特别是在pH值为3.0和4.0时。pH值为3.0时，亚氯酸钠浓度为50000ug/ml 的乳酸溶液中产生的二氧化氯浓度在1天之内达到最大

59、值，但是在2天之后就有大幅度的降低。pH值为4.0时，2天内二氧化氯浓度达到最大值，但在存放4天以后又大幅度降低。但是在pH值为5.0或6.0时，乳酸溶液中的二氧化氯浓度在14天内都是一个不变的常数。pH值为5.0和6.0时，含有50000ug/ml的亚氯酸钠乳酸溶液中产生的二氧化氯在储存14天后的最终浓度分别为1390 ug/ml和 1010 ug/ml 。 Regardless of the type of organic acid and concentration of sodium chlorite, increased stability in production of ClO2 was ob