托福TPO(119)阅读答案

1、ANSWERKEYforTOEFLREADINGTPO(1-19),OG,OfficialModelTest,OnlineTest huangxiaohongTPO1.4Groundwater.4TheOriginsOfTheater.4TimberlineVegetationOnMountains.5TPO2.6TheOriginsOfCetaceans.6DesertFormation.9EarlyCinema.12TPO3.15Architecture.15Depletionofthe OgallalaAquifer.15TheLong-TermStabilityofEcosystems

2、.16TPO4.17DeerPopulationsofthePugetSound.17CaveArtinEurope.17PetroleumResources.18TPO5.19MineralsAndPlants.19TheOriginofThe PacificIslandPeople.19TheCambrianExplosion.20TPO6.21PoweringtheIndustrialRevolution.21WilliamSmith.21InfantileAmnesia.22TPO7.23TheGeologicHistoryoftheMediterranean.23AncientRom

3、eandGreece.23Agriculture,Iron,andtheBantuPeoples.24TPO8.25TheRiseofTeotihuacan.25ExtinctionofTheDinosaurs.25RunningWater OnMars.26TPO9.27ColonizingtheAmericasviatheNorthwestCoast.27ReflectionInTeaching.27TheArrivalOfPlant LifeInHawaii.28TPO10.29ChinesePottery.29VariationsintheClimate.29Seventeenth-C

4、enturyEuropeanEconomicGrowth.30TPO11.31AncientEgyptianSculpture.31OrientationandNavigation.31BeggingbyNestlings.32TPO12.32WhichHandDidTheyUse?.32TransitiontoSoundinFilm.33WaterintheDesert.33TPO13.34TypesofSocialGroups .34BiologicalClocks.34MethodsofStudying InfantPerception.34TPO14.34ChildrenandAdve

5、rtising.34MayaWaterProblems. 34PastoralisminAncientInnerEurasia.34TPO15.34AWarm-bloodedTurtle.34MassExtinctions.34GlacierFormation.34TPO16.35TradeandtheAncientMiddleEast.35DevelopmentofthePeriodicTable.35PlanetsinOurSolarSystem.35TPO17.35EuropesEarlySea TradewithAsia.35AnimalSignalsintheRainForest.3

6、5SymbioticRelationships.35TPO18.35IndustrializationintheNetherlandsandScandinavia.35TheMysteryofYawning .35Lightning.35TPO19.36TheRomanArmysImpactonBritain .36Succession,Climax,andEcosystems.36DiscoveringtheIceAges.36OFFICIALGUIDEREADING.38AppliedArtsandFineArts.38Aggression.39ArtisansandIndustriali

7、zation.43SwimmingMachines.47Nineteenth-centuryPoliticsintheUnitedStates.50TheExpressionofEmotions.54GeologyandLandscape.58Feeding HabitsofEastAfricanHerbivores.61LoieFuller.62GreenIcebergs.63ONLINETEST.64OpportunistsandCompetitors.64LascauxCavePaintings.65Electricityfrom Wind.66OFFICIALMODELTEST.67M

8、eteoriteImpactandDinosaurExtinction.67TPO1Groundwater1.32.33.24.45.46.17.18.19.310.211.412.113.414.123TheOriginsOfTheater1. 42. 13. 14. 45. 36. 37. 28. 49. 110. 211. 312. 413. 4TimberlineVegetationOnMountains1.42.13.24.35.36.27.28.19.310.411.312.413.246TheOriginsOfCetaceans1.2ThisisaFactualInformati

9、onquestionaskingforspecificinformationthat canbefoundinparagraph1.Choice2isthebestanswer.Itisessentiallyarephrasingofthestatementinparagraph1thatblowholescannot disguisecetaceansaffinitieswithothermammals.Theotherthreechoicesarerefuted,eitherdirectlyor indirectly, bythatparagraph.21ThisisanInference

10、questionaskingforinformation thatcanbeinferredfromparagraph1.Choice1isthe bestanswerbecauseparagraph1says thatseaottersareunlikeearlymammals whoseappearances arenot easytoimagine.Byinference,then,theearlyappearanceofseaottersmustbeeasy(ornotdifficult)to imagine.33ThisisaVocabularyquestion.Thewordbei

11、ngtested isprecious.Itishighlightedin thepassage.Thecorrect answerischoice3,valuable. Anythingthatispreciousisveryimportant andthereforevaluable.4.3ThisisaFactualInformationquestionaskingforspecificinformationthat canbefoundinthepassage.Choice3isthebestanswer.Paragraph3describesthedifferencesandsimi

12、laritiesbetweenPakicetusandmodern cetaceans.Sentence3ofthatparagraphstatesthat theirskullsaresimilar.Theotherthreechoicesdescribe differences,notsimilarities.5.1ThisisaReferencequestion.ThewordbeingtestedisIt.Thatwordishighlightedinthepassage.Thisisa simplepronounreferentitem.ChoiceI,Pakicetusisthec

13、orrectanswer.ThewordItherereferstoa creaturethatprobablybredandgavebirthonland.Pakicetusistheonlyoneofthechoicestowhichthis couldapply.6.2ThisisaVocabularyquestion.Thewordbeingtestedisexposed.Itishighlightedinthepassage.Thecorrect answerischoice2,visible.Exposedmeansuncovered.Askeleton thatisuncover

14、edcanbeseen.Visible meanscanbeseen.7.4ThisisaFactualInformationquestionaskingforspecificinformationthat canbefoundinthepassage.Choice4isthebestanswerbecauseitistheonlydetailabouttheskeletonofBasilosaurusmentioned inparagraph4, meaningthatitissignificant.Choice1istrue,butitisnotdiscussedinthedetailth

15、atchoice4is,anddoes notrepresentthesignificanceofthediscovery.Choice3isnotmentioned,andchoice2isnot:me.8.4Thisisan Inferencequestionaskingforaconclusionthatcanbedrawnfromtheentirepassage.Choice4is thebestanswerbasedonthelastsentenceofparagraph4,whichdescribes Basilosaurusasafullymarine whale.Thatimp

16、liesthateverything itdid,includingbreedingandgivingbirth,couldhavebeendoneonlyina marineenvironment.9.2ThisisanInferencequestionaskingforaconclusionthatcanbedrawnfromthepassage. Paragraph5 explainsthatthisdiscoveryprovidedimportantinformation toscientiststhattheymightnothavebeenable toobtainwithouti

17、t.Therefore,youcaninferthatthediscoverywasaluckyone.Thepassageoffersno supportfortheotherchoices. Therefore,choice2isthebestanswer.10.3ThisisaSentenceSimplificationquestion.Aswithalloftheseitems,asinglesentenceinthepassageis highlighted:Thestructureofthebackboneshows,however,thatAmbulocetusswamlikem

18、odernwhalesbymovingthe rear portionofitsbodyupanddown,eventhoughaflukewasmissing.Choice3isthebestanswerbecauseitcontainsalloftheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentence. Choice1isnottruebecauseAmbulocetusdidhaveabackbone.Choice2isnottruebecausethesentence saysthatthebackboneshowedhowtheAmbulocet

19、usswam,notthatitwasmissingafluke.Choice4is untruebecausethesentence statesthatAmbulocetusandmodernwhalesswaminthesameway.11.4ThisisaVocabularyquestion.Thewordbeingtestedispropulsion.Itishighlightedinthepassage.Choice4, movingforwardisthebestanswerbecauseitmeanstheactionofpropelling.Thewhale inthesen

20、tence useditshindlegstopushitselfforwardinthewater.12.2Thisisan InsertTextquestion.Youcanseethe fourblacksquaresinparagraphs1and2thatrepresentthepossibleanswerchoiceshere.Extinctbutalreadyfullymarinecetaceansareknownfromthe fossilrecord.Howwasthegapbetweena walkingmammal andaswimmingwhalebridged?Mis

21、singuntilrecentlywerefossilsclearlyintermediate, ortransitional,betweenlandmammalsand cetaceans. Veryexcitingdiscoverieshavefinallyallowedscientiststoreconstructthemostlikelyoriginsofcetaceans.In1979. ateamlookingforfossilsinnorthernPakistanfoundwhatprovedtobetheoldestfossilwhale.Thesentenceprovided

22、isThisisaquestionthathaspuzzledscientistsforages.Thebestplacetoinsert itis atsquare2.Thesentencethatprecedessquare2isintheformofarhetoricalquestionandtheinserted sentenceexplicitlyprovidesaresponsetoit.Noneoftheothersentencesprecedingsquaresisaquestion,so theinsertedsentencecannot logicallyfollowany

23、oneofthem.13-14.125DesertFormation1.2ThisisaVocabularyquestion. Theword being testedisthreatened.Itishighlightedinthepassage. To threatenmeanstospeakoractasifyouwillcauseharmtosomeoneorsomething.Theobjectofthethreat isindangerofbeinghurt,sothecorrectanswerischoice2,endangered.2.2ThisisaFactual Infor

24、mationquestionaskingforspecificinformation thatcanbefoundinparagraph3.The correctanswerischoice2,reducedwaterabsorption.Theparagraphexplicitlystatesthatthereductionof vegetationgreatlyreduceswaterabsorption. Choice 4, reducedwaterrunoff, explicitlycontradicts the paragraph,soitisincorrect.Thespacesi

25、nthesoilarementionedinanothercontext:theparagraphdoes notsaythattheyincrease, sochoice3isincorrect. Theparagraphdoesnotmentionchoice1.3.1ThisisaVocabularyquestion.Thewordbeingtestedisdelicate.Itishighlightedinthepassage.Thecorrect answerischoice1,fragile,meaningeasilybroken.Delicate hasthesamemeanin

26、gasfragile.4.1ThisisaFactual Informationquestionaskingforspecificinformation thatcanbefoundinparagraph5.The correctanswerischoice1:borderareashavedifficultyadjustingtostressescreatedbysettlement.The paragraphsays thatexpandingpopulations,orsettlement,subjectborderareastopressures,orstress, thatthelandmay notbeableto respond to.Choice2isincorrectbecausetheparagraph does notdiscuss fertilityafterdesertification.Choice3isalsoincorrectbecauseirrigationisnotmentionedhere.The paragraphmentions increasingpopulationsbutnotthedifficultyofattractingpopulations,sochoice4is