英语专业四级词汇语法辅导从句

1、LOGOLOGO英语专业四级考试词汇语法篇Company Logo语法与词汇 1. 考试大纲要求： 能灵活、正确地运用教学大纲语法结构表一级至四级的全部内容，掌握大纲规定的基础阶段认知词汇（5500-6000），并且能正确、熟练地运用其中3000-4000个单词及其最基本的搭配。 测试时间为15分钟，题型为多项选择题，共30道题，每题有四个选择项，其中50%为词汇、词组和短语用法题，其余为语法结构题。测试学生运用词汇、短语、语法结构以及基本语法概念的能力。语法与词汇项目原始分30分，所占总分比重为15%。Company Logo语法与词汇 2. 历年考试与考点分析 语法部分 根据下面分析可以发

2、现，历年英语专业四级考试语法与词汇部分中的语法试题主要围绕着10项语法点。其中，考试重点与难点集中在从属分句、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、代词、动词时态、情态动词等语法知识点的应用上。题型年份从属分句虚拟语气非谓语动词代词动词时态情态动词形容词/副词句子成分结构主谓一致反意疑问句限定词倒装省略Company Logo语法与词汇 2. 历年考试与考点分析 词汇部分 根据下面分析可以发现，历年英语专业四级考试语法与词汇部分中的词汇试题主要围绕着7项词汇考点。其中，考试重点与难点集中在名词、动词、形容词、副词、固定搭配、动词词组等词汇知识点的应用上。年份年份动词动词名词名词形容词形容词副词副词固定搭配固定

3、搭配动词词组动词词组 介词介词2003134022020046331010200534213202006833010020072532210200832215112009344022020102452200201124522002012226122020133431231201443402202022-5-Company LCompany Logo从句要点从句要点 从句可分为：从句可分为： 副词性从句：状语从句包括时间状语从句、副词性从句：状语从句包括时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状句、目的状语从句

4、、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、语从句、让步状语让步状语从句和从句和比较状语从句比较状语从句。 形容词性从句：形容词性从句：定语从句定语从句 名词性从句：主语从句、名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句句、同位语从句LOGOLOGO时间状语从句时间状语从句Company Logo时间状语从句时间状语从句-常用的连词常用的连词 表示表示“当当的时候的时候”：when，while, as, just as, next time (下次下次)，the last time (上次上次的时候的时候) 表示时间先后：表示时间先后：after, before, when 用于完成

5、时态：用于完成时态：by the time, it is the first/second time, hardlywhen，no soonerthan，scarcelywhen, now that, since, ever Company Logo时间状语从句时间状语从句-常用的连词常用的连词 表示习惯性，经常性“每次”：each time, every time, whenever 表示“一旦”：as soon as, once 表示“直到”：the instant, the moment, the minute, the second, the day, until, Company L

6、ogo时间状语从句-注意事项注意事项Company Logo Company Logo注意事项注意事项Company Logo注意事项注意事项 2.特殊时间状语从句特殊时间状语从句 The police went into action _ they heard the alarm. A. promptly B. presently C. quickly D. directly I will telephone you directly/ immediately/ instantly/the moment I hear the Company Logo注意事项注意事项 3. It + be +

7、 时间时间 + before-clause 这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语(如：如：long years , months , weeks , days ,hours , minutes ) ，主句中的谓语动词，主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为用肯定式，意为过多长时间才过多长时间才.。 主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为没过多长时间没过多长时间就就.。主句的时态可用过去时。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时或将来时will be；用；用was 时，时，before从句的动词用一般从句的动词用一般过去时；用过去时；用wil

8、l be 时，时，before从句常用一般现在从句常用一般现在时。时。 例如：例如： It was long/one year before she came home. It will not be long before we meet again. It was a long time _ the guards discovered what had happened. A before B until C since D when Company Logo真题真题 60. The couple had no sooner got to the station _ the coach l

9、eft. (2009) A. when B. as C. until D. than 56. I enjoyed myself so much _ I visited my friends in Paris last year. (2008)A. when B. which C. that D. where D ACompany Logo真题真题 1. Come and see me whenever _. (1997-48) A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient C. it is convenient to you D. it wil

10、l be convenient to youcLOGOLOGO目的状语从句目的状语从句 目的状语从句主要由目的状语从句主要由in order that, so that, for fear that, in case, lest 引引导，也可以由导，也可以由in order （not）to ,so as (not) to 等和动词不定式短语共同充当。等和动词不定式短语共同充当。that, so that(以便以便), in order that（目的是为了（目的是为了.）, in case, for fear that（生怕）（生怕）引导的目的状引导的目的状语从句中的位于部分需含情态动词语从句

11、中的位于部分需含情态动词 may(might), can(could), shall(should), will(would)等等。 eg; The teacher spoke slowly so that we could understand better. eg; He works hard in order that he can serve his country well.in case , for fear that, lest(以防以防)引导的状语从句中引导的状语从句中，动词可以用虚拟语气，形式，动词可以用虚拟语气，形式为为should +动词原形动词原形，也可，也可以不用，用

12、动词的一般现在时以不用，用动词的一般现在时或一般过去时。或一般过去时。 for fear that 含义为：含义为：生怕某种不好的事会发生，后面常生怕某种不好的事会发生，后面常用虚拟语气用虚拟语气，但若表示可能实现或可能发生，但若表示可能实现或可能发生的事，也可不用虚拟语气。的事，也可不用虚拟语气。 eg; He is working hard for fear (that) he should fail. in case 以防以防 eg; He will come to the office in case he is wanted. eg; I shall stay in the hote

13、l all day in case there is news of Harry.lest 意为：以防备，为了不，表示否定目的，后意为：以防备，为了不，表示否定目的，后常用常用“（should）+ 动词原形动词原形” eg: She came into the room quietly lest she (should) wake up her baby.说明说明 由由 in order that 和和 in case 引导的目的引导的目的状语从句可以置于句首或句中。由状语从句可以置于句首或句中。由 so that 引导的一般只能置于句中。引导的一般只能置于句中。 “ for +动名词动名词”

14、不用于表目的，但不用于表目的，但“for +名词名词”可用于表目的。可用于表目的。 真题真题 I always write so carefully _my meaning clear. A. that I may make B. that I make C. that I must make D. that I should make A2022-5-Company Logo26LOGOLOGO地点状语从句地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词引导地点状语从句的连词:where, wherever, (常用）常用）anywhere, everywhereWhere - 在在地方地方Put the

15、 medicine where you can easily get it.Where that high building stands, there used to be some low, deserted houses.Where there is a will, there is a way.Wherever - 无论哪里无论哪里He follows her wherever she goes.Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.地点状语从句地点状语从句 1 When you read the book, y

16、oud better make a mark _ you have any questions. 比较比较 When you read the book, youd better make a mark in the place _ you have any questions.wherewhere地点状语从句地点状语从句2 You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again. 把把2改为定语从句改为定语从句 You should make it a rule to leave things in th

17、e place where you can find them again.LOGOLOGO条件状语从句条件状语从句Company Logo条件状语从句 常用常用if，unless（除非，如果不），（除非，如果不），as/so long as只要，只要， only if, once, on condition that (条件是条件是), provided/providing (that), suppose/supposing (that) (多用于多用于问句问句)，assuming (that), in the event (that), in case (that), given (tha

18、t)等。等。Company Logo条件状语从句注意事项 如果主句是将来时如果主句是将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时表示。条件状语从句用一般现在时表示。例如例如: As long as I live, I shall work hard. I shall not go to the cinema unless I finish my homework. In the event that our team wins, there will be a big Company LogoOnly if vs. if only only if 引起的条件状语从句，是一个对引起的条件状语从句，是一个对“

19、条件条件”限制更严的限制更严的“限制性条件状语从句限制性条件状语从句”，表示，表示“只有只有(才才) ；只有在；只有在的时候；唯一的的时候；唯一的条件是条件是”的意思；的意思；与与if引起的一般条件句相引起的一般条件句相比，它有一种增强主句语势的作用比，它有一种增强主句语势的作用。例如：。例如： Only if the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night. 只有患者情况只有患者情况紧急时，你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。紧急时，你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。 2. if only引导的条件句，通

20、常用来表示说话人对引导的条件句，通常用来表示说话人对某事所寄予的某种强烈愿望，相当于某事所寄予的某种强烈愿望，相当于as long as。它可以独立使用，它可以独立使用，用来表示由于客观条件限制，用来表示由于客观条件限制，为某事不大可能或完全不可能实现而感到惋惜为某事不大可能或完全不可能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情，常用虚拟语气或遗憾的复杂心情，常用虚拟语气。例如：。例如： If only I were as clever as you！要是我像你一样！要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊！聪明该多好啊！ Company Logo注意注意 Only if置于句首，需要倒装置于句首，需要倒装 If on

21、ly用于虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过用于虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去时，表示现在没有实现的愿望，用过去完去时，表示现在没有实现的愿望，用过去完成时，表示过去没有实现的愿望，常译为成时，表示过去没有实现的愿望，常译为“要是要是就好了就好了”Company Logo真题真题 1. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _that he paid me back the following week. (2005-64) A. on occasion B. on purpose C. on condition D. only

22、 if 2._ both sides accept the agreement _ a lasting peace be established in this region. A. Only if, will B. If only, would C. Should, will D. Unless, would CA Company Logo真题真题 3. You wont get a loan _ you can offer some security. (1996-41) A. lest B. in case C. unless D other than CLOGOLOGO原因状语从句原因

23、状语从句Company Logo原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since, now (that), seeing (that), for the reason that, in that, considering that。 Company Logo原因状语从句 Because, since, as和和for because语气最强，强调原因。回答语气最强，强调原因。回答“why”问句。表原因的强调句型中，也只问句。表原因的强调句型中，也只用用because。在。在“notbut”结构中，结构中，也用它。也用它。 e.g.

24、He decided to give up the chance of going abroad, not because he did not want to but because his wife was ill. since语气弱于语气弱于because, 其次是其次是as，for的语气最弱。的语气最弱。Since和和as往往表达的是人们往往表达的是人们所知的或显而易见的原因，强调主句。所知的或显而易见的原因，强调主句。For表示一种解释说明。表示一种解释说明。Company LogoSince 和和now (that) since 既然：用来表达众所周知的理由既然：用来表达众所周知的

25、理由 Since weve no money , we cant buy it. Since you are going , I will go too. now (that ) 既然既然, 表示新出现的情况表示新出现的情况 Now (that) we have gone so far , we might go a little further. Now (that) you are well again , you can travel .你已康复，可以远行了。Company Logo原因状语从句 -真题真题 Barry had an advantage over his mother _

26、 he could speak French. (2001-49) A. ever since B. in that C. at that D. so that 54. Men differ from animals _ they can think and speak. (2008) A. for which B. for that C. in that D. in which BCLOGOLOGO让步状语从句让步状语从句Company Logo让步状语从句 常用常用though/although，as （尽管），（尽管），much as(不管，尽管不管，尽管)，in spite of th

27、e fact that, while, even if/though，for all (尽管尽管)，however，whatever，wherever，whoever，no matter how/what/who等引导。等引导。Company Logo让步状语从句 -though, although Although与与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，两者意思相同，一般可互换，可以可以与与yet, still或或nevertheless连用，但不能和连用，但不能和but连用连用。 Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 伤伤口虽

28、愈合，但伤疤留下了。口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。 （谚语）（谚语） 1）though还可以用作副词，意为还可以用作副词，意为“可是，然而可是，然而”，置于句末。置于句末。 He said he would come; he didnt, though. 2）though引导的从句也可象引导的从句也可象as引导的从句一样用倒装引导的从句一样用倒装语序，但是语序，但是although引导的从句只能用正常语序。引导的从句只能用正常语序。 Company Logo让步状语从句-even if, even though Even though he knows it, hell not let out th

29、e secret.（他知道这个秘密）（他知道这个秘密）. Even if he knows it, hell not let out the secret.（不确定他是否知道这个秘密）（不确定他是否知道这个秘密）. though 常表示一些已经确定的消息常表示一些已经确定的消息，而，而if由它本由它本身所带的身所带的“如果如果”的含义，表示了一种对假设信息的含义，表示了一种对假设信息的不确定。的不确定。 Even though 是是“虽说虽说”，而，而Even if 是是“就算就算”。前者是事实而后者是假设。前者是事实而后者是假设。 Company Logo让步状语从句-as, though

30、as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。前）。Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do. Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes

31、 little progress.) 50 注意：注意： a.句首名词句首名词不能不能带任何冠词。带任何冠词。b.句首是句首是实义动词实义动词，其他助动词放在主语，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。词一起放在主语之前。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.= Though he tries hard, he never seems虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。意。

32、 Company Logo让步状语从句 -Whether.or.（不管.还是.） Whether you believe it or not, it is Company Logo让步状语从句- no matter +疑问词疑问词 或或疑问词疑问词+后缀后缀ever No matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.替换：替换：no matter what = whateverno matter who = whoeverno matter when = wheneverno matt

33、er where = whereverno matter which = whicheverno matter how = however注意：注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。（错）（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.（对）（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.（错）（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given, （对）（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre C

34、ompany Logohowever however为连接副词，引导让步状语从句，为连接副词，引导让步状语从句，其意义和作用相当于其意义和作用相当于no matter how。 可用于如下结构：可用于如下结构： however + 形容词形容词/副副词词 + 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 However late he is, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. Well have to finish the jog, however long it Company Logo真题真题 1. _, Mr. Wells is scarcel

35、y in sympathy with the working class. (2005-52) A. Although he is a socialist B. Even if he is a socialist C. Being a socialist D. Since he is a socialist 2. _I like economics, I like sociology much better. (2003-49) A. As much as B. So much C. How much D. Much asA DCompany Logo真题真题 3. Fool _ Jane i

36、s, she could not have done such a thing. (2002-48) A. who B. as C. that D. like 4. _he always tries his best to complete it on time. (1999-51) A. However the task is hard B. However hard the task is C. Though hard the task is D. Though hard is the taskB BCompany Logo真题真题 5. Much as _, I couldnt lend

37、 him the money because I simply didnt have that much spare cash. (1999-52) A. I would have liked to B. I would like to have C. I should have to like D. I should have liked to 6. _he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank. (1998-48) A. Much as B. Much though C. As much

38、D. Though muchA ACompany Logo真题真题 7. _, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources. (1997-46) A. Instead of his contributions B. His making notable contributions C. For all his notable contributions D. However his notable contributions cBCompany Logo 8. _ he wanted to go out with his f

39、riends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (2008) A. Much though B. Much as C. As much D. Though much BLOGOLOGO比较状语从句比较状语从句Company Logo比较状语从句 常用常用as, than, the morethe more, Just as, so; A is to B what C is to D; as A is to B, (so) C is to D; no more than; not so much A a

40、s B(与其说与其说A不如说不如说B)等。等。 It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing. As a man lives, so he dies. Her mother is not as tall as she (is)Company Logo比较结构中的省略比较结构中的省略 More than后面可以引导省略主语的比较从句后面可以引导省略主语的比较从句, 从句从句中常见的词有：中常见的词有：necessary, good, Possible, anticipate, expect, feel, suggest, report, requ

41、ire, think. - The man drank a little more than was good for him. = The man drank a little more than what was good for him. - There were more accidents than (what) was reported. - He eats more than (what/it) is good for him.62 As后面可以引导省略主语的比较从句后面可以引导省略主语的比较从句 - He eats as much as (what/it) is good fo

42、r him. - The man drank as much as (what) was good for Company Logo比较状语从句 1. The experiment requires more money than_. (2002-49) A. have been put in B. being put in C. has been put in D. to be put in 2. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than _ in the public m

43、ind today.(1999) A. exists B. exist C. existing D. to existC ACompany Logo 3. Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than _Eastern Nebraska. (1996) A. in B. it receives in C. does D. it does in需要倒装吗需要倒装吗? 4. They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as _. (2008) A. it could be B. c

44、ould be C. it was D. was. C BCompany Logo 1. _ the two, Bob is _ student. (1995)? A. Of, more diligent B. In, more diligent C. Of, the more diligent D. In, the more diligent 2. Mary is _ than Alice.(1992)? A. more experienced a teacher B. a more experienced teacher C. more an experienced teacher D.

45、more experienced teacherCB 3. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, _ to the truck.(2003)? A. the greater stress is B. greater is the stress C. the stress is greater D. the greater the stress ACompany Logo 1. Twelve is to three _ four is to one. A. what B.

46、as C. that D. like 2. Intellect is to the mind _ sight is to the body. (2001-45) A. what B. as C. that D. like A ACompany Logo Fat cannot change into muscle _ muscle changes into fat. A. any more than B. no more than C. no less than D. much more than ACompany Logo 1. That trumpet player was certainl

47、y loud. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness _ by his lack of talent. A. so much as B. rather than C. as D. than 2. It is not _ much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand. A. that B. as C. so D. very AC 3. Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cl

48、eaner _ to the professor. (1998-47) A. as far as B. the same as C. as much as D. as long as cLOGOLOGO结果状语从句结果状语从句Company Logo结果状语从句 常用常用sothat, suchthat, to the extent that, to the degree that, to such a degree that, so much so that, 等。等。Company Logo结果状语从句 e.g. They are such diligent students that t

49、hey all performed well in the nationwide examinations. e.g. He was excited to such a degree that he couldnt sleep last Company Logo结果状语从句 1. so much so that用于形容词或副词后，表用于形容词或副词后，表示示“到如此程度以至于到如此程度以至于”e.g. He was very weak, so much so that he couldnt walk.2. 当名词前有当名词前有little, few, much, many修饰修饰时，要用时，要

50、用so，不用，不用such.e.g. He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.3. sothat结构有时可以放于句首，要用倒装。结构有时可以放于句首，要用倒装。e.g. So bright is the little boy that he has learned 100 poems up to Company Logo结果状语从句 so that 和和such that so + 形容词或副词形容词或副词+ that ； such + 名词名词+ that 。He ran so fast that his brother couldn

51、t catch up with him . 他跑得太快了，他弟弟赶不上他。他跑得太快了，他弟弟赶不上他。 He is such a naughty boy that he becomes unwelcome in his neighborhood .他是那么个调皮的孩子，以至在邻里中不受欢他是那么个调皮的孩子，以至在邻里中不受欢迎。迎。Company Logo Does Alan like hamburgers？ Yes. So much _that he eats them almost every day. （2003） A. for B. as C. to D. so His remar

52、ks were _ annoy everybody at the meeting. (2005) A. so as to B. such as to C. such to D. as much as to DDLOGOLOGO方式状语从句方式状语从句Company Logo方式状语从句 方式状语从句放在主句之后方式状语从句放在主句之后, as, just as, (just) asso, as if/though, the way等引导。等引导。as if和和as though引导的引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。从句一般用虚拟语气。但如果从句中所陈但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现述的情况很可能实

53、现,也可用陈述语气。例也可用陈述语气。例如如: The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man. The teacher told the students to do as he did. Leave it as it Company Logothe way the way后面的引导词常用后面的引导词常用that,而且经常省而且经常省略。一般不用略。一般不用in which。例如。例如: We didnt like the way_ he treated us. (A. which B. where C. that D. in whi

54、ch) 此题答案应该是此题答案应该是C。所以。所以the way一般可以一般可以看作是引导一个方式状语从句的词组。看作是引导一个方式状语从句的词组。 Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. (以以的方式的方式) Company Logo真题真题 She did her work _ her manager had instructed. (2002-41) A. as B. until C. when D. thoughLOGOLOGO定语从句定语从句Company Logo关系代词关系副词 起连词

55、作用，本身又作从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语 即起连接作用，本身又在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语who,whom(的人）whose(某人的）which(东西，指物)that(的人或物，指物或人）as(象那样的，和相同，正如)when(的时候，修饰的时间名词)where(的地方修饰场所、方位等名词)why(原因；理由)Company Logo 关联词在定语从句中有三个作用： a.引导定语从句 b.在从句中代替先行词 c.在从句中担任某一句子成份一、先行词是指物的名词或代词时，关系代词用that, which。 （一） that 与 which 指物时一般情况可以互换，但在下列情况下通常用that

56、, 不用which。 1.当先行词（定语从句所修饰的名词或代词）是everything, anything, nothing, all, much, few, little, none, the one, no one, some 等不定代词时。 e.g. All that can be done has been done. Is there anything that you want? 2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, every, very, much, one of, the only, the very, the right, some 修饰时，

57、常用that。e.g. The only thing that he remembered was her name. There is no difficulty that we cant overcome.3. 当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，用that。 e.g. This is the first letter that Ive written in English. She is the most careful student that Ive ever known.4. 两个并列的先行词，既有指人的，也有指物的，用that。 e.g. They talked about

58、the teachers and the things that they remembered in the school. 5. 当被修饰的成份在主句中主句中是系动词be后的表语或关系词本身在定语从句定语从句中做表语，用that。 （be的分类: a. am, is, are. b. 表变化的get. c. 感观动词look, smell. d. 表保持的stay.) e.g. China isnt the country that she used to be fifty years ago. Its a book that will help you a great deal.6. 当

59、主句是由who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句（不管指人指物）用that。 e.g. Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop? What did you hear that made you so angry? Which is the task, that overtook as yesterday?7. 主句是由“There be + 主语（表物）”开头时，定语从句用that。 e.g. There is a seat that is still free. There are two tickets that are for

60、 you.8. 当先行词是基数词时常用that。 e.g. caught two fish yesterday, now, you can see the two that are still alive.真题 He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _he was twenty years ago. A. which B. that C. who D. whomB真题 3. I have never been to London, but that is the city _. A. where I li