高三语法专项复习 非谓语动词

1、 非谓语动词非谓语动词动词不定式动词不定式动词动词-ing 形式形式动词过去动词过去分词分词一般式一般式to dodoingdone一般被动式一般被动式to be donebeing done完成式完成式to have done having done完成被动式完成被动式to have been donehaving been done进行式进行式to be doing完成进行式完成进行式to have been doing非谓语动词的形式（以非谓语动词的形式（以do为例）为例）非谓语动词在句子中做非谓语动词在句子中做主语主语:1. _(jog) along the river bank is

2、 routine.2. _(interview) by the president is a great honor.3. _(invite) to the party would be exciting.4. It is a great honor _(invite) to the Kings party.5. It took a long time for the birthday cake _(make)6. Lets get out quick. Its no good_(waste) time. 7. It is no use _(ask) me. I know no more th

3、an you know. 8. I dont think it is any use _(go) further. 9. Its a waste of time _(argue) with such a person.JoggingBeing interviewedTo be invitedto be invitedto be made wastingaskinggoingarguing非谓语动词在句子中做非谓语动词在句子中做表语表语:1. His wish is _(buy) a luxurious car in the future.2. His job is _(look) after

4、patients in hospital.3. To save endangered animals is _(save) ourselves.4. The project got _(start) last month.5. He appears _(catch) a cold. he hasnt come here yet.6. Please remain _(seat); the car is turning around a sharp turn.7. It remains _(see) whether my mother will recover from such a seriou

5、s illness.8. What I hate most is _(laugh) at.9. The news that he failed the test is _ (discourage)10. Please be _(seat) . Lets have a discussion.to buylookingto savestartedto have caughtseatedto be seenbeing laugheddiscouragingseated非谓语动词在句子中做非谓语动词在句子中做宾语宾语:1. The snow failed _(fall) this winter.2.

6、I forgot _(tell) him the news so I repeated it.3. We are considering _(change) our plan.3. The thief escaped _(caught) by the police.4. I appreciate _(give) the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.5. Having been ill in bed for about two months, he had a hard time _(climb) the hill.6. We should

7、 take measures to prevent the rivers _(pollute).7. Have you decided where _(have) a picnic?8. He did nothing today but _(repair) his bike.9. The grass in my garden requires _(cut)10. He regretted not _(be) unable to help you.to falltellingchangingbeing caughthaving been givenclimbingbeing pollutedto

8、 haverepaircuttingbeing非谓语动词在句子中做非谓语动词在句子中做宾语补足语宾语补足语:1. I noticed my little son _(read) the words _ (write) on his small blackboard.2. I saw the fallen tree _(sweep) away by the flood.3. When he got home, he found his wallet _(go)4. We had the fire _(burn) all day.5. With the problems _(settle), th

9、ey went out to play.6. He raised his voice to make himself _(hear).7. When we saw the road _(block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.8. The teacher encouraged us _(write) good compositions.9. The missing boy was last seen _(play) by the river.10. I didnt want the children _(take) o

10、ut in such weather.readingwrittensweptgoneburningsettledheardblockedto writeplaying(to be) taken非谓语动词在句子中做非谓语动词在句子中做定语定语:1. He was the last one _(leave) school yesterday.2. The ground is covered with _(fall) leaves.3. He rushed into the _(burn) house.4. It is one of the most interesting stories _(fi

11、nd) in the magazine so far this time.5. We have no reason _ (say) no to the plan.6. The railway _(build) now will lead to Tibet.7. The party _(hold) tomorrow is to celebrate their silver wedding.8. I found those _(seat) at the back of the meeting room reading newspapers or magazines.9. The man _(dri

12、ve) a red car is my uncle.10. The villagers build a road _(lead) to the city.11. My brother is a _(determine) boy and never gives in to difficulties.to leavefallenburningfoundto saybeing builtto be heldseateddrivingleadingdetermined非谓语动词在句子中做非谓语动词在句子中做状语状语:1. He hurried to the station only _(find) t

13、he train had left.2. He hurried home only _(tell) his uncle had left.3. His parents died in the earthquake, _(leave) him an orphan.4. _(win) the gold medal, he was busy training hard.5. _(throw) their hats into the sky, the fans of the winning team burst out cheering.6. _(know) the situation well, t

14、hey could deal with the problems efficiently.7. _(show) around the lab, we were led into a big hall.8. _(surprise) and happy, Tony went on to the platform and accepted the prize.9. _(absorb) in reading, he didnt notice sb. coming. to findto be toldleavingTo winThrowingHaving known(Having been) shown

15、SurprisedAbsorbedbe+ -ed (形容词化的过去分词形容词化的过去分词)+ 介词介词 作状语时作状语时去掉去掉bebe dressed/located(位于位于)/caught(遇到遇到;陷入陷入)/lost(埋埋头于头于)/buried(专心于专心于)/absorbed(专心于专心于) /interested + inbe employed in doing/ with sth. 忙于忙于/从事于从事于be occupied in doing/ with sth. 忙于忙于/从事于从事于be engaged in (doing) sth. 忙于忙于/从事于从事于be dev

16、oted / accustomed / used/ addicted / exposed /attached (喜爱喜爱;附属于附属于)+ to (doing) sth.be prepared for /be filled with /be tired of /be known as /be crowded with /be satisfied with /be faced with (面临面临;面对面对) /equipped with(装备有装备有)独立主格结构独立主格结构:1. The weather _(permit), Ill go for a picnic.We redoubled

17、our efforts, each man working like two. 2.Everything _(take) into consideration, they ought to have another chance.3.It _(be) a hot day, wed better go swimming.4. Her glasses _(break), she couldnt see the words on the blackboard. 5. An important lecture _(give) tomorrow, the professor has to stay up

18、 late into the night. 6. They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other _(go) to the bookstore. permittingtakenbeingbrokento be givento go作主语作主语动名词作主语的句型动名词作主语的句型 1）Doing.+ v. 1. Reading is an art. 2. Seeing is believing.眼见为实。眼见为实。3. Being admitted to the famous university makes him kno

19、wn to everyone.4. Being honest is a virtue. 2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore.) +doing sth.It is no use crying.哭没有用。哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。反对也没有用。 4)There is no + doing.(there is no 表表“不可能不可能”) There is no telling what he is going to do说出他说出他要干什么

20、是不可能的。要干什么是不可能的。 5)There is no use (good/point/sense/harm)+doing sth.做某事没用做某事没用(不好不好/意义意义/重要性重要性) 6) have difficulty /trouble/problem + (in)+doing 作状语作状语1) to do做状语表目的，“为了”To catch the early bus, I got up at 6 oclock.I got up at 6 oclock to catch the early bus. (特别强调特别强调to do 位于句末，其前没有逗号，插入语除外) He c

21、ame here, as far as I know, to meet her.The man hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. (only to do 表示出乎意料的结果)2) 有逗号，无连词（and, but, or）,分词做状语，与句子主语是主动关系用doing, 与句子主语是被动关系用doneSeen from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.Sleeping outside, the boy got a cold.注：当主句是一般过去时，并且强调

22、从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，这时，非谓语用having done.Having realize the mistake, I changed the plane. Having been lost in the forest for days, the boy was found finally.作状语作状语1) to do做状语表目的，“为了”To catch the early bus, I got up at 6 oclock.I got up at 6 oclock to catch the early bus. (特别强调特别强调to do 位于句末，其前没有逗号，插入语除外) H

23、e came here, as far as I know, to meet her.The man hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. (only to do 表示出乎意料的结果)2) 有逗号，无连词（and, but, or）,分词做状语，与句子主语是主动关系用doing, 与句子主语是被动关系用doneSeen from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.Sleeping outside, the boy got a cold.注：当主句是一般过去时，并

24、且强调从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，这时，非谓语用having done.Having realize the mistake, I changed the plane. Having been lost in the forest for days, the boy was found finally.二）做后置定语二）做后置定语I have something to do. (不定式做后置定语表将要发生)He is looking for a room to live in.（不定时中得介词不能省略）Tom is the person helping me carry the box. (

25、doing 做后置定语表主动关系)This is the man called Tom.(done 做后置定语表被动关系)注意 to be done, being done, done都可做后置定语，表被动，但是时间上有差别Eg: The building to be completed next month is a hospital. The building being built makes lots of noises. The building completed last year is a hospital.三）做补语三）做补语1）find sb. doing sth./ fi

26、nd sb.done sth.I found him approaching to me.（him和approach是主动关系）I found him blamed by his father. （him和approach是被动关系）2) make sb. do sth./ make oneself doneSpeak aloud to make yourself heard.(yourself 和hear是被动关系)The teacher made me do the cleaning. （me和do是主动关系）= I was made to do the cleaning. (被动时，还原

27、to)I try my best to make the children interested in my lecture.(interest 及物动词，与children是被动关系.)3) have sb. do sth./ have sb.doing sth./ have sb.doneMy grandfather had me water the plant. （me 和water是主动关系）His mother had him doing his homework all the day.（表示一直让某人做某事）I had my hair cut.(hair和cut 是被动的关系)4

28、）leave sb. doing sth. / leave sth. undone.He left me cleaning the room alone. (主动关系)Tom went out, leaving the homework unfinished. (留下某事未完成)5）see sb. do. sth./ see sb. doing sth. / see sb. done.（watch, look at, notice, observe; hear, listen to）I saw him enter the supermarket. （用原型做补语，强调结果或过程）=He was

29、 seen to enter the supermarket. (被动时还原不定式中的to)When I passed by the room, I saw him painting.（强调看的时候，画的动作正在发生）I saw him beaten by his father.( 强调him 与beat是被动的关系) 四）做宾语四）做宾语只能接动名词作宾语的动词：admit，advise建议，risk，appreciate，envy嫉妒，avoid避免，consider考虑，delay延迟，deny否认，dislike不喜欢，enjoy，escape逃避，excuse原谅、宽恕，finish

30、完成，forgive原谅，understand理解，give up放弃，imagine想象，keep保持，mind介意、在乎，miss未达到，practise训练，put off推迟，resist抵抗，suggest建议、暗示cant help 禁不住，cant stand无法忍受，devote to(to为介词)致力于，look forward to 期望、盼望，stick to坚持，be used to习惯于，object to反对，be busy忙于，fee like想要be surprised at 对感到惊讶 be proud of 以为骄傲 succeed in 在某方面成功 be

31、 afraid of害怕 give up 放弃eg: They havent finished building the dam.只能接不定式作宾语的动词：happen 碰巧，offer 主动提出，promise 答应，agree 同意，refuse拒绝，decide 决定，determine 决定、决心，pretend 假装，fail 未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford 负担得起。Eg: We agreed to go together.接动名词、不定式均可，意义相同的动词：like，love，dislike，hate，begin，star，continu

32、e，prefer，cant bear/endure 无法忍受，cease停止下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过regret to do 遗憾要做(不定式中的东西是表示说的词：say,announce,tell) regret doing 后悔做过try to do 企图做，尽力做 try d

33、oing 试着做go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事）mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。如：The flowers need watering/to be watered.The problem is worth discussing. 不定式的各种时态:He is said to study abroad next year. He is said to be studying a

34、broad now. He is said to have studied abroad last year. This novel is said to be written by him. This novel is said to have been written in 1998.ing 的各种时态 语态Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend. The meeting being held now is very important. (being done只用做后置定语) Having realized the mis

35、take, I changed my plan. Having been lost in the forest for days, the boy was found finally. 不定式的各种时态:He is said to study abroad next year. He is said to be studying abroad now. He is said to have studied abroad last year. This novel is said to be written by him. This novel is said to have been written in 1998.i