话题复习八、环境与自然

1、环境与自然【话题简介】随着社会经济的快速发展，社会和谐已提上日程，环境与自然成为人们关注的话题之一。这个话题的内容非常广泛， 这个话题主要涉及到了 “曾经、不曾去过的某地”；“难忘的事件”；“出乎意料的事件” 三个子话题的复习， 通过对这个话题的复习， 将七年级到九年级学过的内容用一条主线穿起来，使这个话题更生动、更立体、更完整。【话题框架】涉及的单元七年级上册：Unit4. Where's my schoolbag?七年级下册：Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?Unit 8. Is there a post office near here?八年级上册：Un

2、it4: What's the best movie theater?八年级下册:Unit 7. What's the highest mountain in the world?Unit 9. Have you ever been to a museum?九年级全册 ：Unit 3. Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?Unit13. We' re trying to save the earth!【话题词汇】1.地点方位 在哪里在上在下在前在.后在对面在.附近紧挨着在和之间在.为边通过字路口东方的角落南方

3、的四方的沿着北方的转弯 十在. 周围西南方的东北方的东南方的西北方的街区在 左边在.右边沿着直走向左转向右转在第二个拐弯处祖父母的房间 Lily和 Lucy分别的房间 Lily和Lucy共启的房间在附近地区在大桥街上到达在去.的路上路过2.居住环境 卧室浴室厨房电视机窗户警察局邮电局医院银行公园饭店旅馆街道投币式xx博物馆百货公司杂货店地址飞机场车站电影院工厂农场田地花园医院图书馆办公室电影院邻居池塘商店超市家乡厕所某个地方任何地方干净的肮脏的安静的吵闹的繁忙的桥娱乐公园玩的开心散步乘出租车开车欢迎到. 来带有花园的房子最好的电影院最舒适的座位靠近家做某事最好的地方最差的商店最便宜的饭店想，认

4、为起重要作用最拥挤的地方3. 国家与民族非洲非洲人的亚洲亚洲人欧洲欧洲人美国美国人的澳大利亚澳大利亚人英国英国人加拿大加拿大人中国中国人法国法国的印度印度人日本日本人俄罗斯俄罗斯人首都国家乡村东方人西方人讲英语的国家南非其中之一来自与 . 一样大最古老的国家之一 最多的人口和 . 交流多于少于4. 动物与山川熊猫动物园老虎大象鲨鱼狮子动物危险杀害树木拯救深的保护政府水污染疾病自然野生的友好的聪明的害羞的吓人的懒惰的好玩的河流湖泊有几分无聊的真的有趣处于危险中丢失由 . 制成的大量的爬山5. 人与自然季节春季夏季秋季冬季人口温度四分之一地震环境木制的循环垃圾底部有害的残忍的渔民链条交通方式塑料保

5、护提供方法污染吸烟温度起作用丑陋的工业钢铁对 . 有害扔掉清扫关掉砍倒建立在 . 底部同时攀登跑开充分利用代替听说到目前为止在 . 顶端停止做某事处于危险之中采取行动对 . 有好处实现某人的梦想四分之三一年到头死于疾病最危险的地方【话题的基本句型】1. Where(be) your ruler? It's _.(在椅子下面)2. Where(be) my books? They're_.(在沙发上)3.- Is there a _(饭店 )near here?-Yes,there is. Just ( 沿着 . 走 )the street and _( 向左转 )when yo

6、u see the library. It's (在右边).4.- you ever been to a sciencemuseum？-No, I ( 从未去过) a science museum.5. Excuse me, Could you tell me （ 怎样到达）the post office ？6. -do you like pandas?-Because they re kind of interesting.7. -he like tigers?-Because they re really scary.8. -are lions from?-They are fro

7、m South Africa.9. -the highest mountain in the world?-Qomolangma.10. -is Qomolangma?-It s 8,844,43 meters high. It s than any other mountain.11. The Amazonis （ 第二长的河流） in theworld.12. The Yangtze River is almost（与 样长 ）theAmazon River.13. China has （ 最大的人口数量） in the world. It s a lot bigger than the

8、of the US.【语法整合】1. 现在完成时态。2. 宾语从句。3. 介词用法。4. 形容词、副词的比较级与最高级。5. 情态动词表推测。 【强化训练】 I. 词汇 根据短文意思和首字母提示完成短文。Recent years, the environmental problems bee worse and worse. What caused the problems? First, people go to work or travel in cars which makes a lot of n. Second, people litter everywhere which make

9、s cities d.Third, people cut down trees to make p, so there are no more thickf. To protect our environment, in my opinion, people should put ther to good use. For example, people can decorate their rooms with oldglass b. Besides, we d better ride bikes instead of d. Allin all, we should do what we c

10、an do to protect the environment.II. 根据情景提示，用恰当的句子填空：1. 你不知道去火车站的路，怎么问：2. 有 人 问 你 去 邮 局 的 路 怎 么 走 ， 你 告 诉 他 左 走 ， 在 第 二 个 路 口 右 拐 :3. 有人问你过北京，你回答说2 次，怎样表达: 4. 你 班 上 来 了 一 位 新 同 学 ， 你 想 知 道 他 是 否 去 过 上 海 ， 你 这 样 问 :5. 有 人 告 诉 你 ， 他 要 去 三 亚 旅 行 ， 你 想 祝 福 他 旅 行 愉 快 ， 怎 样 表 达 :III 话题阅读【 阅读指导】 ：“环境与自然”是学

11、生很熟悉也很关注的话题， 然而， 越是熟悉的东西越是难点。有些内容似乎合乎逻辑，但有时又违背常理。世界与环境相互依存，但是近年来人们为了自身的发展， 破坏了环境，环境问题日益突出。中考阅读理解对本话题考查是通过阅读小短文理解大意，从短文中归纳、分析出环境与世界的关系，以及了解环境对世界的重要性和作用。目的是培养学生的环境意识，提高学生对环境问题的认识。解题思路：解题时要通读全文，领略文章大意。在理解的基础上，抓住题眼，找准解题方法， 进行答题。近几年中考阅读理解关于此话题充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和判断正误题。做阅读理解练习应先看问

12、题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、 准确地捕捉所需信息。其次要注意先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序， 应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。（ 一 ） 主旨概括题主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。（阅读理解A篇第5题和C篇第5题）（ 二 ） 细节理解题细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细

13、节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。三篇阅读理解均 有涉及。AWhat does it mean to be green? "Green" is more than just a color. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment the water, the land, and the air we breathe. Why green? Plants are green, and without them the earth wouldn&#

14、39;t be such a lovely home for us human beings.Sometimes people call ours a "throwaway society". That means we are always throwing away old things and buying new ones. Many times, if you no longer need something, someone else just might need it. For example , if your brother is old enough

15、not to play with his plastic bike, why not give it to another family who has a little kid so that they don't need to buy one? And one less large plastic toy doesn't need to be produced.Recycling（ 回收利用） has never been easier. Many organization will pick it upright in front of your house and s

16、ome towns even require（要求 ） it. Tell your momor dad you want to bee Chief , Make sure you encourage everyone in your house to think whether things can be reused or recycled before they're thrown away.Almost everyone likes traveling. But next time before you travel around the world, take a look a

17、t your own backyard. Is there a place where you could plant a tree or put in a little fruit or vegetable garden? If so, get there and get your hands dirty. Then you can watch with pride as your tree takes root, and your garden plants grow into big plants full of ripe,red tomatoes of tiny, juicy blue

18、berries.Who knew being green would taste so good?（）1. In the first paragraph, the writer introduces the topic of the passageby .A. telling an interesting storyB. explaining the word "green"C. giving some special examples（）2. In a "throwaway" society, .A. people shouldn't prod

19、uce anyplastic thingsB. people can get anything they wantfrom othersC. people always throw away the used things andbuy new ones（）3. To be "Chief of Recycling", you should .A. recycle things all by yourselfB. ask your family to use the old things all the timeC. find a place to keep the thin

20、gs that can be recycled（）4. You are advised to run afruitor vegetable garden in order toA. create a green environmentB. make a lot of moneyC. get your hands dirty()5. The purpose of the passage is to tell us that .A. we must enjoy the natureB. we had better eat more green foodC. we should protect ou

21、r environmentBOur factories and homes burn coal and oil. Every year we have forest fires somewhere. Many scientists believe that the climate(气候)is changing.The earth will perhaps be warmer by about 7 degrees centigrade at the South Pole(南极)and the North Pole. The ice will melt. The sea level rise by

22、 about 7 meters.As a result, water will cover cities like London, Tokyo and New York. Some ports and towns along the coasts will disappear under water.Some other scientists think that the dust, smoke and pollution from coal, wood and oil fires will block out the sunrays. Then the earth will bee cold

23、er and great sheets of ice will cover Europe and North America.When chemical (化学物品)in the air mix with rain. Wehave acid rain. Acid raincan bring us great harm. It destroys(破坏)forests and kills life in lakes andrivers.People are beginning to see how serious the problem is. They find it important to

24、work with nature instead of against it. They are trying to save the earth in many different ways. But one of the most important things to do is to make people understand that saving the earth is saving ourselves.( )1. Some scientists believe that.A. the earth is growing warmer B. we have to burn dow

25、n the forests every yearC. we can find oil in our forests( )2. Ice at the pole will if the earth gets warmer.A. bee water and make the sea rise B. cover cities like London and TokyoC. raise the sea level by 7 degrees ( )3. Acid rain .A. brings great changes in our climate B. will cover Europe and No

26、rth AmericaC. kills the fish in rivers and lake( )4. What can we learn from the third paragraph?A. The dust together with pollution from coal, wood and oil fires will bring us more heat from the sunB. As a result of the dust and pollution from coal, wood and oil fires, the earth will bee colderC. Ac

27、cording to the scientists, the change in climate hardly has anything to do with the pollution.( )5. Which statement is TRUE?A. The sea level will rise if the earth gets colder.B. People have e to know the importance of working with nature.C. All the scientists agree that our earth is sure to bee war

28、mer and warmer.CPollution means adding dirty or harmful(有害的 ) things to land, air, water andso on. As a result, they are no longer pleasant or safe to use. Pollution is bad for animalsand plants, and it even makes people s health in danger. Inour dailylife,we can see different kinds of pollution in

29、many places. There arethree main forms of pollution:land pollution, air pollution and water pollution.Land pollution is caused by solid waste, such as cans, bottlesandsome plastic things which aren ' t broken down quickly. It makes the environment look very bad. However, air pollution is more se

30、rious than land pollution. It is much worse in cities and towns because of the fumes(废气)from traffic and the waste from human activities. When people drive their cars, fumes which aremost made up of CO2, NO2 and SO2 are given off. After the gases get into the air, they may mix with clouds. Then they

31、 will bee some harmful chemicals falling on the ground with rain. It is one of the reasons for soil erosion( 土壤侵蚀)which is one example of water pollution.Various kinds of pollution will cause many health problems. People have realized they must change this serious situation. There are many ways to c

32、ontrol pollution. To develop alternative energy(替代育昌源)is very popular in many countries. China, for example, has made up its mind to be a leader in this field. It istryinghard to make full use of energy from the sun and wind. It has paid plenty of money to make electric cars and trains instead of tr

33、aditional traffic. Weshould also take action to make our environment cleaner every day. Take cloth bags while goingshopping and drive cars less. We have only one earth. We must take small steps now to help protect our environment for the future wherever we are.()1. The underlined word “solid "

34、in the passage means "" inChinese.A. 气 体B. 液体C.固体()2. When people live in a polluted area,.A. they will control the use of alternative energyB. their health will be in dangerC. they will get stronger and stronger()3. Picture tells us how harmful chemicals pollute our environment.A.B+C.()4.

35、 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. There areonly three forms of pollution.B. China doesn' t want to develop other kinds of energy.C. Water pollution includes soil erosion.( )5.The main idea of this passage should be.A. to introduce the kinds of pollution and the ways to

36、control it B. to introduce the harmful chemicals and soil erosionC. to introduce the alternative energy and the ways to use itIV话题写作【写作指导】：环境保护问题是当今社会人们关注的热点，也成为中考英语的热门话题，出现频率高， 难度较大，需要我们重点掌握。写倡议书是很常见的书面表达考查形式。倡议书的主体部分包括倡议的原因与目的；倡议的内容与具体措施；表达倡议者的决心与愿望等。语言要求有号召力。可分三步进行写作。第一步；开篇点题，强调环保的重要性；第二步：展开表述：保护

37、环境的一些具体措施；第三步：结尾综述：倡议行动起来，保护环境。【常用句型】：开头句：1. It s everyone s duty to love and protect the environment.2. It is very important to take care of our environment.中间句：1. We should not throw litter onto the ground.2. It is very important to take care of our environment.3. We should not spit in a public pl

38、ace/cut down the trees.4. We must pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin.5. Trees are very helpful and important for us.6. Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted. Something must be done to stop the pollution.7. Weare supposed to plant more and more trees in order to live better and m

39、ore healthily in the future. 结尾句：1. Everyone should protect the environment. And the world will bee much more beautiful.2. If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment, the world will bee much more beautiful.【范文欣赏】：假如你是李华，准备以“What Can We Do for the Environment ” 为题，写一篇保护环境的英语倡议书。内容包含：1. 在购物时用布袋子替代塑料袋;2. 尽可能地再利用使用过的课本;3. 离开教室应关灯;4. 最好走路或骑自行车上学;5. 简述理由：保护环境，减少污染，节约能源等注意：1. 词数： 80词左右。2. 文章中不能出现真实姓名和校名。参考词汇：布袋子cloth bag 塑料袋 plastic bag 保护 protect