托福听力对话场景演讲话题词汇

1、v1.0可编辑可修改Conversation入学：enrollment登记,注册openingceremonyn.开业典礼,仪式commencementceremony毕业典礼convocationn.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientationmeeting开学说明会staffn.全体职员freshman（大学）一年级学生sophomore（大学）二年级学生junior（大学）三年级学生senior（大学）四年级学生tuition,fee费用placementtest开学测试excellent出色的average平均的，一般的belowaverage低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓：u

2、niversity-president大学，校长chancellor名誉校长college学院school学院dean院长principal中学校长professor教授associateprofessor副教授assistantprofessor助理教授coordinator班主任，协调人counselor辅导员advisor指导老师instructor讲师tutor个人辅导supervisor管理人undergraduate本科50graduate研究生建筑物buildings:canteen.餐厅cafeteria.自助餐厅administrationbuilding行政大楼mainbu

3、ilding主楼wing/annex配楼teachingbuilding教学楼dormitoryn.宿舍auditoriumn.会堂,礼堂=lecturehallassemblyn.集合,集会hallcomputerlab计算实验室，机房vffvfscience理科,arts文科,engineering工科Mathematics数学physics物理chemistry化学biology生物学geography地理学electronics电子学computerscience计算机科学astronomy天文学electronicsengineering电子工程学botany植物学psycholog

4、y心理学dininghall食堂zoology动物学选课architecture建筑学学科oceanography海洋学major主修minor副修ecology生态学medicalscience医学archaeology考古学history历史学linguistics语言学pedagogies教育学，教学法anthropology人类学economics经济学statistics统计学accounting会计学philosophy哲学类型required、compulsorycourse必修课selective/optionalcourse选修课electivecourse选修课lectur

5、e讲座seminar高级研讨性课colloquiumn.报告课tutorial个人辅导课程workshop专题课程级别Introductory入门级elementary,fundamental初级Intermediate,secondary中级Advanced高级Prerequisite先修课程上课：Attendclass上课Missclass缺课Skipclass逃课Syllabus教学大纲Requiredtextbook要求的课本Attendance出勤Gradingsystem打分体系Classparticipation课堂参与counselor,adviser咨询者，顾问preside

6、nt大学校长teacher/faculty教师student'sadvisor学生顾问physicist物理学家mathematician数学家chemist化学家historian历史学家statistician统计学家作业：assignment作业homework=coursework=schoolwork=studies作业labreport实验报告bookreport读书报告project作业presentation发言semester/term学期quarter小学期courseguideline课程纲要major主修minor副修exemption免修syllabus教学大

7、纲Professor'ssignature教授的签字（用于注册课程）Coursecap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）openings（可供注册的名额）Take选（课），drop退（课）Lateregistration晚注册Deregistration注销教师称号professor教授lecturer=instructor讲师teachingassistant=TA助教researchassistant=RA助研termpaper学期论文（researchpaper）thesis/essay/dissertation论文journal学术期刊socialinvestigation社会调查s

8、urvey调查questionnairen.调查表,问卷observationn.观察interview.采访collectdata收集数据broad（论文等）内容宽泛narrowdown（论文等）缩小范围source（写论文的）参考资料criticalthinking评判性思维lackyourownideas缺少自己的想法deadlinen.最终期限extension延期duedate/time期限outlinen.大纲，提纲（roadmap）bibliographyn书目，参考书目reference参考plagiarismn.抄袭revisev.修改rewritev.重写finaldraf

9、t完成稿speechn.演讲presentation演讲，陈述eyecontact目光接触intonation音调考试：mid-termexam期中考finalexams=finals期末考cumulativefinal总结性考试take-homeexam（拿回家的开卷考试,一般有限定的时间）open-bookexam开卷考试subjectivetest主观性测试objectivetest客观性测试popquiz抽查式测验bluebook答题本assessmentn估价appraisaln.评价，估价makeupfor补考,resit,retake重考grade(mark、score)分数pr

10、octor/invigilator监考老师成绩：perfectgrade优异成绩lowgrade低分highmark高分passinggrade及格分failinggrade不及格分fullmarks满分straightA's全AbeallA'sandB's全是A和BBplusB力口AminusA减passtheiexamwithflyingcolors以优异成绩通过考试graduatewithhonors以荣誉毕业diploma,degree,certificate文凭学位证书图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication出版物peri

11、odical期刊magazine杂志bookcatalogue图书目录classifiedcatalogue分类目录bibliography参考书目titleindex书目索引alphabeticindex按字母顺序排列的索引circulationdesk借书处reservedbooks馆藏书librarycard借书证overduefine过期罚金periodicalreadingroom期干U阅览室onlinejournal在线期刊videotape录像带backissue过期杂志shelfn.书架photocopyroom复印室returnarea还书处studentslocker学生存

12、储间referencesection参考书部科研过程HypothesisAlternativehypothesis择一假说Nullhypothesis无效假说，零假说CollectdataSurvey,questionnaireExperimentInterfere,influenceObservationAnalyzedataInterpretdataAnalysisAnalyticalSubjectSampleTreatmentgroupNon-treatmentControlgroup校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助:Letterofreference/recommendationCom

13、petitiveBenefitfuturecareerFieldresearchCollectdataforpapersWaiter,waitress,BabysitterWorkatthelibraryQualification资格，qualified合格的Resume,CVfinancialaid经济援助ScholarshipFellowshipTeachingassistantship助教奖学金Merit-based以优秀为基础Studentunion学生会Clubs俱乐部Membership成员资格Careerservice住宿：宿舍：accommodationn.住处,膳宿resid

14、encehall宿舍suite套间studio工作室，独立套间village村落（校内一栋一栋的房子,可以用做宿舍）loungen.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）Researchassistantship研究奖学金home-stay在国外住在房东家里的那Grant助学金种Loan贷款roommate同屋者，室友Need-based以需求为基础corridorn.走廊,过道，租房leasen.租彳t,租约landlord房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant房客mattressn.床垫blanketn.毯子toweln.手巾，毛巾quiltn.棉被电器类electricappliance(

15、instrumentequipment)电器(laundrypation.阳台，slidingdoorn.门singleroom单人房twinroom双人房two-bedroomapartmenthousekey房锁匙推拉heater,furnace加热器，炉子heatingunit暖气片airconditioner空调设备stove炉子microwaveoven微波炉washer/dryer洗衣机/烘干机洗衣店）床上用品：utensil器皿；用具pillown.枕头kitchenutensil炊具bedlinenn.床上用品sheetn.被单oven烤箱；烤炉range煤气灶dishwash

16、er洗碟机washingmachine洗衣机(hot-water)heater热水器Coffeepot咖啡壶refrigerator(freezer)冰箱vacuumcleaner吸尘器tapeplayer录音机CDplayerCD机Laundromat自动洗衣店maintenance维修，保养家具类furniture家具bookshelf书架bookcase书柜couch沙发chest柜子；橱；箱子cabinet储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard(closet)碗橱storagewall壁橱rug小地毯carpet地毯curtain窗帘bathtub浴缸fixture(房屋)固定装置furnis

17、hings室内陈设日常生活/问题：personalpossessions/property/belongings个人财产getinsuranceforpersonalpossessions/property/belongsgarbage/rubbish/wasten.垃圾disposev.处理dresser(bureau)梳妆台gasmeter煤气表LectureGeology地质学Sliden.滑坡insectn.昆虫burglarn.夜贼leaking/leakagen.泄漏lostkey丢钥匙breakin闯入Landsliden.山体滑坡Mud泥土,soil土壤Earthn.土Sink

18、v.下沉Groundwater地下水Irrigationn.灌溉Freeze,froze,frozenv.冷冻Meltv.融化moltenGravityn.重力Aggravatev.力口重Leanv.倾斜Slopen.斜坡Steepadj.陡峭Erodev.,erosionn.腐蚀Fossiln.化石Dinosaurn.恐龙Sediment,deposit沉淀物Marble大理石granite花岗岩Ore矿石Stalactite钟乳石Refinev.提炼Platinumv.钳金Seismology地震学Vibration,tremor,震动Wave波动Volcano,volcanic火山，火山

19、的Volcaniceruption火山喷发Magnitude级数Collisionn.碰撞Activeadj.积极的Dormantadj.休眠的Extinctadj.熄灭的Magman.岩浆Lavan.岩浆Eruptv.喷发explodev.爆炸(explosion)boomn.爆炸Blastn.爆炸Avalanchen.雪崩地球科学Earth'sinterior地球的内部Seismicwaves地震波Compression压缩Shear(adeformationofanobjectinwhichparallelplanesremainparallelbutareshiftedinad

20、irectionparalleltothemselves)Slowdown减慢速度Reflect反射Depth深度Density密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continentalplate大陆板块Tectonicplate(地球表面的）构造板块Continentaldrift大陆漂移Layer,strata层Stratify分层Crack裂缝Moltenlava融化的岩浆Climaticshift=Climaticchanges气候变化Consistentpattern统一的，始终一致的Solarenergy太阳能Radiate发射，放射Crudeappr

21、oximation大概的猜测Speculation猜测Coolingdown冷去口Mechanism机制Physicalforce体力Imaginaryline虚拟线Artificialreservoir人工水库Latitude纬度Redistribute再分配，再分布Spin快速旋转Minerals矿物质Diverse多样的Specimen,Sample样品Abundant丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazonstones天河石Firingvapor炙热的水蒸汽Wipeout根除，彻底消灭MtEverest珠穆朗玛峰Elevation海拔，海拔增高Precisemeasurement精确的测

22、量GlobalPositioningSystem全球定位系统Longitude经度Alternativesourcesofenergy可替代资源Gashydrate气体水合物Trap困住Flame火焰Potential潜在的Model模式Geologicalfault地质断层Crack裂缝seismicgap地震活动空白地带postulate借I设chunk大块cylinder圆柱cylindrical圆柱形的groundtiltmeasurement地倾斜观测evacuate撤出sedimentaryadj.沉淀性的accumulate积累商业Insurance保险Note注意Contrac

23、t合约Verbalagreement口头协议Repay偿还Interest利息Merchant商人Cautious谨慎的Paramount极为重要的Manufacture制造Label标签Contention所持观点Inform告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supplyanddemand供求Supplychain供应链Fluctuation浮动Recession衰退Depression萧条Marketingstrategies市场营销策略Survey调查Surplus剩余Shipment运输Distribution分布Retail零售Wholesale

24、批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates,PlatoandAristotleTheme主题Logic逻辑Rhetoric修辞Fundamentalcauses基本原因Principlesoftheuniverse宇宙的原贝UPerceive看待，观察Perception观点Sense感觉Soul灵魂spiritElement组成成分Reasoning推理Ration理性,rational有理性的Contemplation沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明，justification合理的理由Explicit明确的Ethi

25、cs道德规范Ethicaltheory伦理理论Moral有道德的Ultimatetruth终极真理Universal普遍的Searchfortruth追求真理Varyv.不相同Intrinsic内部的Extrinsic外部的Critic评论家Old-fashioned过时的Valuable有价值的Survive生存，存活Conservative保守的Liberal开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive认知的Weaken肖ij弱Diminish（影响力）减小Medieval中世纪Renaissance文艺复兴Doctrine教义，主义,学说Ideali

26、sm唯心论，理想主义Epistemologyn.认识论Metaphysics形而上学，玄学Reconcile和解，调停天文学astronomyconstellation星座zodiac(星象学的星座)planet行星sun恒星Jupiter木星Pluto冥王星Saturn土星Mercury水星Mars火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres谷物星(thelargestasteroidandthefirstdiscovered)Whitedwarf白矮星BigDipper北斗七星Asteroidbelt小行星带MilkyWay银河系Galaxyn.星系orbitv.运行

27、n.轨道rotatev.转Axisn.轴trackn.轨道outerspace外太空gravityn.重力equatorn.赤道tropical热带的brightnessn.亮度dimensionn.维度distancen.品巨离Eclipse(日月食)Wane,diminishv.逐渐变小Centripetal向心Centrifugal离心Nebula星云(animmensecloudofgas(mainlyhydrogen)anddustininterstellarspace)Nebulousadj.星云的Gas气体(rock,ice,hydrogen,oxygen)Particle微粒P

28、olarlight极光Astronomical天文的Astrophysics天文物理学BigDipper北斗七星Blackhole黑洞Celestial天体的Celestialmap天体图Centrifugalforce离心力Chondrite球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise顺时针Cluster星团，一群星星Comet彗星Intergalactic星系间的国际日期变Cosmos宇宙,Internationaldateline更线cosmetic宇宙的Interplanetary星球间的Cosmology宇宙学Interstellar星际的Emission排放物，

29、发射Leapyear闰年Faint微弱的Lightyear光年Feeble微弱的Luminosity光亮度Gaseousbodies气态包Lunar阴历的，月亮的Gravitationalforce吸弓I力Massive巨大的Greenwichmeantime格林尼治时间Meteor流星Highresolution高清晰度Meteorshower流星雨Ignite引燃Meteorite陨石Illusiveobject幻影物体Meteoroid流星体Image影响，形象Molten融化的Infinite无限的Nakedeye裸眼Infraredray红外射线Observatory天文台Inter

30、ferometer干扰仪Photosphere光球层Planetarium天文馆Planetoid小行星Polestar北极星Pseudoscience伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation辐射Revolution旋转Rotation旋转Satellite卫星Skyatlas天体图Solarcorona日冕Spacedebris太空垃圾Spaceshuttle太空飞船Spacesuit太空服Spin快速旋转Starcluster星群，星团Stellar星星的Sunspot太阳黑子Timedifference时差Timezone时区表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.）Genre艺术分类Per

31、formingart表演艺术moderndancepiece现代舞concert音乐会play剧opera歌剧film电影camera摄影camerashotanalytical分析的parallel平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer舞蹈指导Fine/visualarts视觉艺术Abstractart抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure曝光developfilm冲洗胶卷negativen.底片portrait(portrayv.)肖像，人像、stilllife静物sculpture雕塑statue人物雕像lifelike逼真的vividant

32、hem国歌Critic评论家Criticism批评，评论Reviewn.评论Masterpiece杰作Haveaestheticvalue有美学价值Aestheticappeal美学吸引力Feature特点Characteristics特点Distinctadj.与众不同的Unique独一无二的Style风格Technique技巧Galleryn.画馆Editionn.专辑Releasev.发行Debutn.首映Impressionist象主义者Impressionism象派Perspective透视法Angle角度Press/Publishinghouse出版社Acclaimv.盛赞mira

33、ge海市蜃楼prolific多产Preservev.保存Extinctadj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography自传detectivestories侦探小说drama戏居1novel小说Novelist小说家collectionofshortstories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparativeliterature比较文学Editorial社论，重要评论Fiction小说Aestheticism唯美Autobiography自传Descriptiveprose描述散文Fairytale童话Futurism未来派

34、Legend传说Literarystudies文学研究Narrativeprose叙述性散文Podium讲台Prose散文Realism现实主义Schoolofliterature文学派别Leadingcharacter主要角色Literarycriticism文学评论Literarystudies文学学习Diary日t己Modernism现代主义Plot情节Poetry诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism超现实主义美术Artgallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Spectrum光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式

35、，模特mural壁画Panorama全景Pasteldrawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Imitating模仿Landscapepainting风景画Oilpainting油画Paste粘贴Crayon蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation颜料Canvas帆布Wax蜡Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architecturalstyle建筑风格Artdeco装饰艺术Geometricpatterns几何图形Arch拱门Audition试听，试表演Bandmusic乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classicalmusic古典音乐Concerto协奏曲

36、Lullaby催眠曲Duet二重奏Harmony和弦，和谐Rockandroll摇滚Serenade小夜曲Solo独奏Sonata奏鸣曲Symphony交响乐Ballad歌谣Folkmusic民间音乐Prelude前奏Epilogue尾声Castle城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobbyn.大厅(entrancehall)Elevatorn.电梯Fa?aden.正面Stairs楼梯Interior内部的Exterior外部的Impressionisticstyle象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival复活Renaissance文艺复兴Medieval中世

37、纪音乐Accompaniment伴奏Score乐谱Note音符Notation乐谱，记号法Chordsymbol和弦符号Lyrics歌词Tempo节奏Melody主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune旋律Conduct指挥Violin小提琴Viola中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管考古anthropologist人类学家ecological生态的anthropologist生态人类学家archaeology考古学anthropology人类学morphology形态学Ancientcivilization古代文明origin起源originate起源于ancestor祖先ho

38、minid人（科）homogeneous同一种族（种类）的tribe部落clan氏族krummhorn'kr?mh?:nn.变号（种古双簧乐器）archeologist考古学家excavation挖掘Harp竖琴excavate（unearth）挖掘Scoop铲子ruins遗迹，废墟remains遗迹，遗骸artifact手工艺品pottery陶器（potter）Porcelain瓷器fossil化石relic遗物，文物Rockpainting岩石画antique古物，古董antiquity古代，古老skull颅骨Cranial颅骨的StoneAge石器时代BronzeAge（青）铜器

39、时代IronAge铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的Exhume挖掘PaleoanthropologyPrehistoric史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Aminoacid氨基酸Antibody抗体Bacterium细菌BioticalagencyCalcium钙Carbohydrate碳水化合物Carbondioxide二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome染色体Disinfection消毒Enzymes酶Fatigue疲惫Fermentation发酵Fungus菌类Gene基因Geneticengineeri

40、ng基因工程学Glucose葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria疟疾Microbe微生物Nucleus细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasiticanimal寄生动物Parasitedisease寄生虫病Parasitology寄生虫学Pathogen病菌，病原体Protozoa原生动物Sanitation卫生Schistosomiaisis血吸虫病Starch淀粉Sterilization消毒Toxin毒素Vaccine疫苗Virus病毒Yeast酵母动物livingorganism生物bacterium

41、细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚lizard蜥蜴,rodent啮齿类动物snail蜗牛primate灵长类动物ape猿chimpanzeen.黑猩猩gorilla大猩猩monkeyn.猴子mammal哺孚L类动物dinosaurn.恐龙bat（ecolotion）蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoehare雪兔子raccoon浣熊polarbear北极熊snout（动物的）口鼻部；reptile爬行类动物snake,cobra眼镜蛇,rattlesnake响尾蛇amphibianadj.两栖动物crocodile鳄鱼frogn.青蛙tadpole蝌蚪toad蟾蛛pond池塘puddle水坑inse

42、ctn.昆虫mosquito蚊子fly苍蝇cricket蟋蟀grasshopper蚱蠕honeybeemonarchbutterfly大花蝶largemigratoryAmericanbutterflyhavingdeeporangewingswithblackandwhitemarkings;thelarvaefeedonmilkweedegg卵larvae幼虫caterpillar毛虫pupa/chrysalis茧termiten.白蚁marineadj.海洋的beaver狸whale鲸shark鲨鱼dolphin海豚penguin企鹅predatorn.捕食者preyn.被捕食者aqua

43、ticadj.水生的shrimp虾lobster龙虾clam蚌crab螃蟹bird,hummingbirdartery动脉scale鳞片claw爪,paw爪子horn角hormone荷尔蒙intestine肠hive蜂巢pollenn.花粉pollinatev.授粉hibernate冬眠migratev.迁徙communicatev.交流camouflage保护色evolve进化evolutionn.进化endothermn.温血动物，恒温动物poikilothermn.冷血动物beak鸟嘴enzymes酵母secretion(n.)secrete(v.)分泌pancreas胰腺odor气味(

44、还有aromafragrancescentsmell)gland腺体chromosome染色体植物botany植物学botanist植物学家tundra苔原；冻土地带，冻原stem圣algae(pl.alga)海藻organism有机物birchtree(bark)桦树crops谷物corn玉米maize玉米chlorophyll叶绿素aminoacids氨基酸protein蛋白质nitrogen氮photosynthetic(adj.)photosynthesis(n.)光合作用fungus(pl.fungi)菌类lichen地衣，苔群laurel月桂squash南瓜oneofagroupo

45、flargevegetableswithsolidfleshandhardchestnuttree栗子树skins,suchaspumpkinsroot根bean豆类植物branch枝nectar花蜜flower花floral花的petal花瓣bloom开花blossom花pollen花粉moss苔群herbicide除草剂herb草本植物herbivorous食草的classification分类hierarchy级别hazardous有毒害的Meteorology气象meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家forecast(predict)预报climate气候atmo

46、sphere大气层troposphere对流层Convection对流Stratosphere同温层Barometer气压计current(气)流vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸发damp(wet;moist;humid)humidity湿度moisture潮湿；水分saturate饱和absorb吸收dew露frost霜fog(mist)潮湿的smog烟雾droplet小水珠condense浓缩whirlwind旋风Cyclone旋风，飓风typhoon台风hurricane飓风crystal水晶体Monsoon季风downpour(torrentialrain)大雨Sandstorm沙尘

47、暴tempest(storm)暴风雨Duststorm沙尘暴drizzle细雨tornado(twister,cyclone)龙卷风shower阵雨Tropicaldepression热带低气压hail冰雹Winddirection风向blizzard(snowstorm)暴风雪Windvelocity风速avalanche(snowslide)雪崩Windscale风力precipitation(雨、露、雪等)降水funnel漏斗，漏斗云Thunder雷cumulonimbus积雨云Lightening闪电disaster(calamity,catastrophe)灾难breeze微风dev

48、astation破坏Blast大风submerge淹没gale大风overwhelmv.淹没drought干旱Avalanche雪崩Balmy温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepidadj.微温的环保environmentalprotection环境保护environmentally-friendly环保的preservev.保护,保存污染：pollute,pollution,pollutantcontaminantn.污染物contaminatev.污染ecosystem生态系统ecologyn.生态学antisepticadj.防腐的atmosphericpollution大气污染垃圾:rubbish,garbage,trash,waste,litter处理：disposeof,burn,bury(landfill),recycle,reduce,reuse,dump回收:glass,paper,water,milkcarton牛奶盒,